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163 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do the joining of the two hip bones and sacrum form?
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Pelvic girdle or bony pelvis
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Compare the canal through the pelvis of the female to the male.
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Generally larger for bearing of young
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What is the bony entrance into the pelvis?
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Pelvic inlet.
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What does the pelvic girdle enclose?
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Pelvis
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What is the caudal indentation between the ischiatic tuberosities?
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Ischiatic arch
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Where are the ovaries located in the carnivore?
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Caudal to kidneys in sublumbar region.
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What structure conveys the oocytes from the ovary to the uterus?
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Uterine tube (oviduct)
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Where is the uterine tube located?
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Between 2 layers of mesosalpinx
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What susupends the ovary in the carnivores?
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Mesovarium
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What is the suspensory ligament in carnivores?
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Part of mesovarioum connecting ovary to last 1 or 2 ribs
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List the three parts o the uterus.
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Cervix, body, horns
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What is the size of the body and horns of the carnivores?
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Body short, horns very long (for litter bearing).
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What is the caudal part of the uterus joining the uterus to the vagina?
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Cervix
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How long is the cervical canal in the carnivores?
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Very short (1cm)
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What is the orientation of the cervical canal?
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Diagonally craniodorsal to caudoventral
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What is the mucous membrane of the uterus called?
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Endometrium
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What is the muscular layer of the uterine wall called?
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Myometrium
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When is the cervix open?
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Only during estrus / heat, during birtha nd a short period there after.
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What are the three extraembryonic membranes?
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Amnion, chorion, and allantois
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WHat does the amnion surround?
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Amniotic cavity and fetus
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List the three parts o the uterus.
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Cervix, body, horns
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What is the size of the body and horns of the carnivores?
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Body short, horns very long (for litter bearing).
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What is the caudal part of the uterus joining the uterus to the vagina?
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Cervix
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How long is the cervical canal in the carnivores?
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Very short (1cm)
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What is the orientation of the cervical canal?
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Diagonally craniodorsal to caudoventral
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What is the mucous membrane of the uterus called?
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Endometrium
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What is the muscular layer of the uterine wall called?
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Myometrium
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When is the cervix open?
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Only during estrus / heat, during birtha nd a short period there after.
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What are the three extraembryonic membranes?
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Amnion, chorion, and allantois
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WHat does the amnion surround?
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Amniotic cavity and fetus
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List the three parts o the uterus.
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Cervix, body, horns
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What is the size of the body and horns of the carnivores?
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Body short, horns very long (for litter bearing).
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What is the caudal part of the uterus joining the uterus to the vagina?
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Cervix
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How long is the cervical canal in the carnivores?
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Very short (1cm)
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What is the orientation of the cervical canal?
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Diagonally craniodorsal to caudoventral
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What is the mucous membrane of the uterus called?
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Endometrium
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What is the muscular layer of the uterine wall called?
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Myometrium
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When is the cervix open?
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Only during estrus / heat, during birtha nd a short period there after.
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What are the three extraembryonic membranes?
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Amnion, chorion, and allantois
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WHat does the amnion surround?
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Amniotic cavity and fetus
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What provides the vessels for the extraembryonic membranes?
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Allantois
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What are the two cavities contained in the extraembryonic membranes?
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Outer allantoic cavity and inner amniotic cavity
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What is the function of the extraembryonic membranes?
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Protect fetus and implant in maternal endometrium
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What is the placenta?
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Apposition of fetal and maternal tissue
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What type of placenta do carnivores have?
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Zonary placenta
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Do the carnivores have a deciduate or adeciduat placenta?
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Deciduate
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Name the three parts of the copulatory organ of the female.
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Vagina, vestibule, and vulva
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What is the vagina's annular recess around the protruding cervix?
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Fornix of vagina
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What structure is used to demarcate the vagina from the vestibule?
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External urethra orifice
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What is the external part of the female reproductive tract?
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Vulva
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The ____ are the right and left lips of the vulva.
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Labia
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Where do the labia of the vulva meet?
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Dorsal and ventral commissure
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Where is the clitoris located?
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In ventral vestibule inside ventral labial commissure on the ventral wall of the female tract which actually faces caudall due to the slope of the vestibule.
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What tube transports urine from the urinary bladder to the vestibule?
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Female urethra
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What is the perineal body?
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Wedge-shaped mass of tissue deep to perineum, between rectum and vestibule.
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What is the perineum in the female?
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Area surrounding anus and vulva, closing pelvic outlet.
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What suspends the female reproductive tract in the abdomen?
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Broad ligament (connecting peritoneum)
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What structure runs between the two layers of the mesosalpinx?
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Uterine tube.
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What vessels reach the ovary in the mesovarium?
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Ovarian artery and vein.
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Name the three parts of the broad ligament.
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Mesovarium, mesometrium, mesosalpinx
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What tissue forms the brad ligament?
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2 layers of connecting peritoneum
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What structure surrounds the ovary forming the ovarian bursa?
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Mesosalpinx
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Name the small cavity around the ovary formed by the mesosalpinx
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Ovarian bursa
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How complete is the ovarian bursa?
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Complete except for a small opening in the medial side of mesosalpinx in dog.
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What structure attaches the ovary to the abdominal wall?
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Mesovarium.
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What mesovarium structure attaches the ovary to the last 1 or 2 ribs in the carnivore?
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Suspensory ligament
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What structure attaches the uterus to the abdominal wall?
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Mesometrium
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The uterine vessels travel in what structure to reach the uterus?
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Mesometrium
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What is the vaginal process in the bitch?
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Round ligament in a peritoneal evagination through the inguinal canal.
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What domestic animal are multiparous (litters)?
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Pigs and carnivores
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The ____ are the right and left lips of the vulva.
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Labia
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Where do the labia of the vulva meet?
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Dorsal and ventral commissure
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Where is the clitoris located?
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In ventral vestibule inside ventral labial commissure on the ventral wall of the female tract which actually faces caudall due to the slope of the vestibule.
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What tube transports urine from the urinary bladder to the vestibule?
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Female urethra
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What is the perineal body?
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Wedge-shaped mass of tissue deep to perineum, between rectum and vestibule.
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What is the perineum in the female?
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Area surrounding anus and vulva, closing pelvic outlet.
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What suspends the female reproductive tract in the abdomen?
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Broad ligament (connecting peritoneum)
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What structure runs between the two layers of the mesosalpinx?
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Uterine tube.
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What vessels reach the ovary in the mesovarium?
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Ovarian artery and vein.
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Name the three parts of the broad ligament.
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Mesovarium, mesometrium, mesosalpinx
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How long is the cat's gestation?
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60 to 61 days
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What is the difference between the words estrus and estrous?
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Estrus: when female will accept male,
Estrous: pertains to or emananting from estrus. |
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List the major parts of the male reproductive system.
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Scrotum, testicles, epidiymis and ductus deferens, urethra, penis and accessory sex glands.
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What are the major speices differences of the male reproductive tract?
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Number of accessory sex glands present and structure of penis.
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What is the cutaneous sac holding the testicles and epididymis?
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Scrotum
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What is the smooth muscle in the wall o fthe scrotum?
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Dartos muscle / tunica dartos
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What divides the scrotum into two compartments?
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Scrotal septum
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Contraction of what two muscles draws the testes closer to the body?
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Dartos and cremaster mm.
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Describe the dog's penis.
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Pendulous, between perineum and inguinal region, sparsely haired (glaborous)
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Describe that cat's scrotum, location, and conformation.
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Perineal (close to anus), sessile (not stalked or pedunculated), densely covered by hair.
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What is the function of the testis?
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Produce sperm and male sex hormone testosterone.
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What is the tunica albuginea of the testicles?
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Dense connective tissue encapsulating the parenchyma
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Name the three parts of the epidiymis.
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Head, body, tail
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What ligament ataches the tail of the epididymis to the testicle?
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Proper ligament of the testicle
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How are the epididymis and ductus deferens related to the testicle?
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E: Lateral
DD: Medial |
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What is the coninutaion of the epididymis up the spermatic cord?
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Ductus deferens
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What structure in the spermatic cord carries sperm into the abdomen and to the urethra?
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Ductus deferens
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Where does the ductus deferens terminate?
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Pelvic urethra after passing through prostate.
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What is the relationship of the ductus deferens to the ureters?
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Loops dorsally over ureters ("water under bridge")
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What is the inguinal canal?
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Passageway through caudal abdominal wall
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Close superimposition of external and internal inguianl rings makes the inguinal canal more like a ____ that a canal
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Gap
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What structures pass through the inguinal canal?
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Vaginal process (Male: spermatic cord; Female: round ligament of uterus), external pudendal artery and vein, genitofemoral nerve, lymphatics from superficial inguinal lymph nodes
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What is the superficial inguinal ring?
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Slit in the aponeurosis of the EAO (external abdominal oblique)
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List the boundaries of the deep inguinal ring.
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Cranial: caudal edge of the IAO (Internal Abdominal Oblique)
Medial: Lateral edge of rectus abdominis Laterocaudal: Inquinal ligament |
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What is the inguinal ligament?
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Caudal free edge of the aponeurosis of the EAO (external abdominal oblique)
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What large vessels reach the inguinal region from the abdomen?
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External pudendal artery and vein.
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How do the inguinal vessels and nerves exit the abdomen?
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Through the inguinal canal.
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What extends from the superficial inguinal ring to the testicle?
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Spermatic cord
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What is the peritoneal evaginattion through the inguinal canal?
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Vaginal process / tunic
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Name the three main parts of the vaginal tunic
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Visceral, parietal and connecting
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What is the potential space between the parietal and visceral vaginal tunics?
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Vaginal cavity
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What serosa connects the visceral and parietal vaginal tunics?
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Mesorchium (connecting vaginal tunic)
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The vaginal cavity is continuous with the ____ at the vaginal ring.
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Peritoneal cavity
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Name the structure extending from the testicle to the inguinal ring.
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Spermatic cord
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List the main components of the spermatic cord.
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Testicular artery, vein, nerves and lymphatics;ductus deferens; visceral vaginal tunic; mesorchium
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What strucutre in the spermatic cord carries sperm into the abdomen and to the urethra?
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Ductus deferens
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On what side of the spermatic cord is the ductus deferens?
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Medial
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On what side of hte vaginal tunic is the cremaster muscle attached?
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Lateral
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Name the coils of the testicular vein in the spermatic cord
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Pampiniform plexus
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What white ligamentous structure leaves the female's inguinal canal?
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Vaginal process containing round ligament of the uterus
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What does the vaginal process contain in the male and female?
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Male: Testicle and spermatic cord
Female: round ligament of uterus |
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What is the vaginal ring?
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Point of evagination of peritoneum through inguinal canal, forming opening between peritoneal and vaginal cavities.
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Why is the pampiniform plexus wrapped around testicular artery?
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To pull heat ou before it reaches the testicle
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Where do the testicles begin in fetal development?
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Caudal to the kidneys (like ovaries)
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What extends from the fetal testicle to the tail of the epididymis and out through abdominal wall?
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Gubernaculum
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What strucures are carried with the testicle as they descend?
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Peritoneum (becomes vaginal tunic), fascia
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Even if the reason for the descent of the testicle is not understood what is the clinical bottom line?
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Normally they descend into scrotum.
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When do the testicles descend in the carnivores?
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Shortly after birth.
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Developmentally, where do the testicles leave the abdominal cavity?
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Through inguinal canal
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What structures add the liuid to the ejaculate?
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Accessory sex glands
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What is the only accessory sex gland in the dog?
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Prostate (if you don't count the ampulla)
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What accessory sex gland surrounds the proximal urethra?
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Prostate
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What is the structure of the prostate in the dog?
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Right and left lobes completely surrounding urethra
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Where do the accessory sex glands open?
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Pelvic urethra.
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What cutaneous sheath surrounds the end of the quiescent penis?
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Prepuce
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What skeletal muscels pull the prepuce over the penis?
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Cranial preputial muscles
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What is the common name for the prepuce?
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Sheath
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What is the connective tissue framework of the erectile tissue of the penis?
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Tunica albuginea and trabeculae
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What are the three parts of the penis?
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Root, body, and glans
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What are the two erectile bodies of the penis?
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Corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum
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What part of the dog's penis participates in the tie?
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Bulbous glandis
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What parts of the penis consist of corpus spongiosum?
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Around entire urethra, bulb of penis, entire glans
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What nerve carries cutaneous sensation of the penis?
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Pudendal nerve
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In what unique direction does the nonerect cat's penis point?
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Caudoventrally
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What is noteworthy of the cat's glans penis?
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Spines
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What are the two main divisions of the male urethra?
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Pelvic and penile parts
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What are the 2 ends of the urethra?
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Internal and external urethral orifices
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Name the opening of the male urethra to the outside of the body.
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External urethral opening.
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What are the terminal branches of the aorta?
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2 external iliac, 2 internal iliac and 1 median sacral
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What does the external iliac artery supply?
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Pelvic limb and inguinal region and caudal ventral abdomen
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Where is the external pudendal artery located?
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Passing out inguinal canal to inguinal region.
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What are the branches of the external pudendal artery?
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Caudal superficial epigastric, ventral scrotal / ventral labial
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What terminal aortic branch supplies the rump and pelvic cavity?
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Internal iliac artery
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What are the terminal branches of the internal iliac artery?
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Caudal gluteal and internal pudendal
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What is the main branch of the internal pudendal artery?
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Genital artery (vaginal or prostatic)
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What is the main branch of the vaginal artery?
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Uterine artery
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What is the blood supply to the uterus in the carnivores?
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Uterine artery and vein in mesovarium
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What is the configuration of the ovarian arteries?
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Tortuous so can stretch during pregnancy
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Where are the ovarian arteries?
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In mesovarium, medial to ovary
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Where do the ovarian or testicular veins drain?
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Right: into caudal vena cava
Left: left renal vein (to avoid crossing aorta). |
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What is the sympathetic innervation to the pelvis? Parasympathetic?
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S: Hypogastric nerves
P: Pelvic nerve |
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What is the nerve carrying tactile sensation from the glans penis?
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Dorsal nerve of penis (pudendal nerve)
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What is an easy way to remember the autonomic (ANS) supply to the penis?
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Point (parasympathetic - erection) and shoot (sympathetic - ejaculation)
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