Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
438 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is anatomy?
|
is the study of the structure of the body parts and their relatiohsips to one another
|
|
|
NAME
is the study of the structure of the body parts and their relationships to one another |
anatomy
|
|
|
What is physiology?
|
is how all the different body parts work together
|
|
|
NAME
is how all the different body parts work togehter |
physiology
|
|
|
What are the differ types of anatomy? (3)
|
(1)Gross or macroscopic (2) microscopic (3)Devlopment
|
|
|
What is Gross anatomy?
|
is the study of the large body structures visible to the naked eye such as the heart, lungs, and kindey
|
|
|
NAME
is the study of the large body structures visible to the naked eye such as the heart, lungs, and kindey |
Gross Anatomy
|
|
|
Gross anatomy is also called (1)
|
marcoscopic antomoy
|
|
|
NAME
is a person was studying the kidneys, lungs, and heart, what anatomy are they most likely studying? |
gross anatomy
|
|
|
Macroscopic anatomy is also called (1) anatomy
|
gross
|
|
|
What are some of the different types of gross anatomy? (3)
|
(1)regional anatomy (2)systemic anatomy (3)surface anatomy
|
|
|
What is regional atnatomy
|
is the study of all the structures of in a particular area
|
|
|
NAME
is the study of all the structures in a particular area |
regional atantomy
|
|
|
What is systemic anatomy?
|
is the study of the different systems of the body
|
|
|
NAME
is the study of the different systems of the body |
systemic anatomy
|
|
|
What is surface anatomy?
|
is the study of the internal structures and how they relate to the skin's surface
|
|
|
NAME
is the study of the internal structures and how they relate to the skin's surface |
surface anatomy
|
|
|
What is microscopic anatomy?
|
is the study of structures too small to be seen w the eye
|
|
|
NAME
is the study of the structures of that are to small to be seen w the eye |
Microscopic anatomy
|
|
|
What is cytology?
|
is the study of the cells
|
|
|
NAME
is the study of the cells |
cytology
|
|
|
What is Developmental anatomy?
|
traces structural changes through life like embrolyogy
|
|
|
NAME
studies and traces the structural changes through life like embrolygoy |
Developmental anatomy
|
|
|
What is physiology?
|
the study of the function of the body's structual machinery
|
|
|
NAME
is the study of the function of the body's structural machinery |
physiology
|
|
|
What is Mesenchyme?
|
is a embyroic tissue
|
|
|
NAME
is a embyroic or early on tissue |
Mesenchyme
|
|
|
Why is Mesenchyme important?
|
bc all living things form from this tissue
|
|
|
NAME
all living things form from this tissue |
Mesenchyme
|
|
|
What are some speacalized branches of anatomy? (3)
|
(1)Pathological (2)Radiographic (3) molecular biology
|
|
|
What is pathological anatomy?
|
is the study of the structural changes caused by diseases
|
|
|
NAME
is the study of the structural changes caused by diseases |
pathological anatomy
|
|
|
What is radiographic?
|
is the study of the internal structures visualized by X ray
|
|
|
NAME
is the study of the internal structures visualized by X rays |
radiographic
|
|
|
What is molecular biology?
|
is the study of anatomical structures at a subcellular level
|
|
|
NAME
is the study of the anatomical structures at a subcellular level |
molecular biology
|
|
|
NAME
considers the operation of specifc organ systems |
Physiology
|
|
|
What are the differ types of physiology?
|
(1)renal (2)neurophysiology (3)cardiovascular
|
|
|
What is renal physiology?
|
studies kindey function and urine production
|
|
|
NAME
studies kidney function and urine production |
renal physiology
|
|
|
What does a sturcures function depend on?
|
its form
|
|
|
a structures (1) depends on its form
|
function
|
|
|
What are the four basic types of tissue?
|
(1)epithelium (2)muscle (3)connective (4)nervous
|
|
|
NAME
epithelium, muscle, connective, and nervous |
types of tissues
|
|
|
What is the heirichy of the different levels of organisms? (5)
|
(1)cellular (2)tissue (3)organs (4)organ system (5)organismal
|
|
|
(1) combine to form molecules
|
atoms
|
|
|
atoms combine to form (1)
|
molecules
|
|
|
What is a organ?
|
is a structure composed of at least two tissues
|
|
|
NAME
is a structure composed of at least two tisssues |
organ
|
|
|
What are moelcules made of?
|
cells
|
|
|
(1) are made of cells
|
molecules
|
|
|
NAME LEVEL
atoms combine to form molecules |
chemical
|
|
|
NAME LEVEL
cells are made up of molecules |
cellular level
|
|
|
Every organism must mantian its (1)
|
boundries
|
|
|
What is catabolism?
|
includes the breaking down substances
|
|
|
NAME
is the breaking down of substances |
catabolism
|
|
|
NAME
is the breaking down of substances |
catabolism
|
|
|
What is anabolism?
|
synthesizing of substances
|
|
|
NAME
is the synthesizing of substances |
anabolism
|
|
|
What are five things all people need to survie? (5)
|
(1)nutrients (2)oxygen (3)water (4)nomrmal body temp (5)atmospheirc pressure
|
|
|
What are the name systems the different types of systems? (11)
|
(1)integumentary (2)skeletal (3)muscualar (4)nervous (5)endocrine (6)cardiovascular (7)lympthatic (8)respiartory system (9)digestive system (10)urinary (11)reproductive
|
|
|
What is the integumentary system? (3)
|
forms the external covering (2)protects deeper tissue from injury (3)synthesizes Vitamin D
|
|
|
What is the skeletal system?
|
protects and supports body organs (2)provides a framework the muscle use to cause movement (3)stores minerals
|
|
|
NAME
forms the external covering, protects deeper tissu from injury, and produces Vitamin D |
integumentary system
|
|
|
NAME
protects and supports body organs, provides a framework the mulsce to use to cause movement and stores minerals |
intergumentary system
|
|
|
NAME
allows the manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression |
muscular system
|
|
|
What is the muscular system?
|
allows the maipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression
|
|
|
NAME
picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood, disposes of debris in the lympathic system, and houses white blood cells |
Lymphatic system
|
|
|
What is the lymphatic system (3)?
|
(1)picks up fluid from blood vessels and returns it to the blood (2)disposes debris in the lympathic system (3) houses white blood cells
|
|
|
NAME
keeps blood constantly supplied w oxygen and removes CO2, and the gaseous exchanges ocur through the walls of the air sacs in the lungs |
Respirartory system
|
|
|
What is the respiratory sytem? (2)
|
(1)keeps blood constantly supplied w oxygen and removes the CO2 (2)the gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs in the lungs
|
|
|
NAME
breaks down food into absorbale units that enter the blood for distibution to body cells and indigestible foods are eliminated as feces |
Digestive system
|
|
|
What is the nervous system?(2)
|
(1)fast acting control system of the body (2)responds to internal and external by acitivating appropiate muscles and glands
|
|
|
NAME
fast acting control system of the body that responds to external and internal changes by activating appropiate muscles and glands |
nervous system
|
|
|
What is the endorcine system?
|
glands that secrete hormones that regulate process such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells
|
|
|
NAME
are glands that secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells |
endorcine system
|
|
|
What is the cardovascular system?
|
(1) blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen, CO2, nutrients, and waste
|
|
|
NAME
blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen, CO2, nutrients, and waster |
Cardovasular system
|
|
|
What is urinary system?
|
eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body (2)regulates water, eletroyle, and acid-base balance of the blood
|
|
|
NAME
eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body and regulates water, eletroyle, and acid base-base balance of the blood |
urinary system
|
|
|
NAME
overal all function is the production of offspring |
reproductive system
|
|
|
NAME
this system includes most of the glands, nails, hoves, and hair |
Intergumentrey system
|
|
|
Give some exs of the intergumentrey system? (4)
|
(1)glands (2)nails (3)hoves (4)hair
|
|
|
NAME
this system protects deep tissues from injury and synthesisezes Vitamin D |
intergumentrey system
|
|
|
The prostate gland produces (1) for men
|
Vitamins D
|
|
|
(1) (do not give the system) produces Viamin D for men
|
prostate gland
|
|
|
Why is vitamin D so important for men?
|
because research has shown the Vatamin D can reduce the risks of prostate cancer
|
|
|
NAME
this vitamin can reduce prosate cancer |
D
|
|
|
NAME
it is called the sun-shine vitamin |
D
|
|
|
NAME
this vitamin help to absorb calicum in the bones |
D
|
|
|
Vitamin D can help (1)
|
absorb calicum in the bones
|
|
|
NAME
this system allows manipulation of the environment and mantains pressure |
Vitamin D
|
|
|
What are the 11 systems of the body?
|
(1)lymphatic (2)digestive (3)respiratory (4)reproductive (5)urinary (6)Cardovascular (7)integumentary (8)muscual (9)skeltal (10)nervous (11)endocrine
|
|
|
NAME
is composed of the red bone marrow, the lymus, the spleen, lymph nodes, and lympathic system |
lympathic system
|
|
|
NAME
one ex of this system is the red bone marrow |
lympathic system
|
|
|
NAME
this system is composed of the kidneys, urters, urinary, bladder, and urtetha |
Urinary system
|
|
|
What is Homeostatis?
|
is the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever changing outside world
|
|
|
NAME
is the ability to maintian a relatively stable internal environment in an ever changing outside world |
homeostatis
|
|
|
T or F
the internal environment of the body is a dynamic state of equilibrim |
True
|
|
|
How is homeostatis mantained? (3)
|
(1)chemical (2)thermal (3)neural factors
|
|
|
chemical, thermal, and neural factors interact to maintain (1)
|
homeostatis
|
|
|
Homeostatis will not work w out (1)
|
hemeostastic control mechananisms
|
|
|
(1) produces a change in the body
|
variable
|
|
|
What are the three interdependent components of control mechanisms? (3)
|
(1)receptor (2)control center (3)Effector
|
|
|
NAME
monitors the environments and responds to changes |
receptor
|
|
|
What is a receptor?
|
monitors the environments and responds to changes
|
|
|
What is negative feedback?
|
when the output shuts off the orignial stimulus
|
|
|
NAME
is when the output shuts off the oringial stiumuls |
negative feedback
|
|
|
Give a ex of negative feedback
|
the regulation of the blood glucose levels
|
|
|
NAME
produces thousands of different hormones in the pintinary gland |
Hyptothalumus
|
|
|
What is the Hyptothalumus?
|
produces thousands of different hormones in the pintinary gland
|
|
|
NAME
this organ produces a hormone called TSH |
pintinary gland
|
|
|
the pintintary gland produces (1)
|
TSH
|
|
|
What is TSH stand for?
|
Thyroid Stim Hormone
|
|
|
What does the thyriod do?
|
regulates glucose levels
|
|
|
NAME
this organ regulates glucose levels |
thyriod
|
|
|
What are two things that the pancreas produces?
|
(1)insulin (2)glucagon
|
|
|
NAME
this organ produces insulin and glucagon |
pancreas
|
|
|
NAME
this organ has patches of called call lamphounas |
pancreas
|
|
|
The pancreas is made of cells called (1)
|
lamphaounds
|
|
|
What kinds of cells are there of lamphaounds?
|
alpha and beta cells
|
|
|
What is postive feedback?
|
is when a result or stimulus enchances the orginal stimulus so that the the activity is accerleted
|
|
|
NAME
is when a result or stimulus enchances the orginal stimulus so that the acitivty is accerleted |
postive feedback
|
|
|
What is the major energy fuel for the body?
|
carbs
|
|
|
Which can provide more fuel for the body, carbs or protiens?
|
protiens
|
|
|
All the nutrients in the world are useless if u dont have (1)
|
oxygen
|
|
|
What is the single most abudnent chemcial in the body making up 60% to 80% of it?
|
water
|
|
|
Water is the (1) in the body
|
the single most abundent chemical
|
|
|
(1) provides the watery environment necessery for chemical reactions and the fluid base for body secretions and excretions
|
water
|
|
|
What is the normal body temp?
|
37C
|
|
|
When the body temp increases what happens?
|
CHemical reactions increase and protiens can lose their chaqracterisitc shape
|
|
|
What happens if the body temp descreases?
|
metabolic reactions become slower and finally stop
|
|
|
What atmospheric pressure?
|
the force that air exerts on the surface of the body
|
|
|
NAME
is the force that air exerts on the surface of the body |
atmpspheric pressure
|
|
|
37 C is the (1)
|
normal body temp
|
|
|
(1) and (2) depend on atmposheric pressure
|
(1)breathing and gas exchange in the lungs
|
|
|
T or F
the mere pressence of the survial factors is enough to sustain life |
False
|
|
|
T or F
oxygen is essential but in in excessive amounts are toxic to the body cells |
True
|
|
|
Draw the elements of the a control system
|
p 9
|
|
|
T or F
in order for homeostatis to ocur, only certain organs play a role |
False (all)
|
|
|
What is a variable?
|
the factor or event being regulated
|
|
|
NAME
is the factor or event being regulated |
variable
|
|
|
What are three interdependent components of homeostatic control?
|
(1)Receptor (2)control center (3)effector
|
|
|
What is the receptor?
|
is some type of sensor that moniters the environment and responds to stimuli
|
|
|
NAME
is some type of sensor that moniters the environment and responds to stimuli |
receptor
|
|
|
what is the control center?
|
determines the set point , analzyes the input, it recieves and then determines the appropriate response or course of action to take
|
|
|
NAME
determines the set point, analyzes the input it recieves, and then determines the apporopriate response or action to take |
control center
|
|
|
What is the effector?
|
provides the mean for the control center's response to the stimulus
|
|
|
NAME
provies the mean for the control center's response to the stimulus |
effector
|
|
|
What are three examples of negative feedback?
|
(1)regulation of the body temp (2)the withdrawl reflex (3)reglation of the blood glucose levels
|
|
|
Draw the regulation of blood glucose levels by negative feedback mechanism involving the pancreas horomones?
|
p 11
|
|
|
(1) feedback mechanisms usally control infrequent events that do not require continous adjustments
|
postive
|
|
|
Postive feebacks are often refered to as (1)
|
cascades
|
|
|
Why are postive feeback rarely used?
|
bc they are likely to race out of control
|
|
|
Give two ex(s) of postive feeback?
|
(1)enchancemnt of labor contractions (2)blood clotting
|
|
|
NAME
enchancment of labor is a ex |
postive feeback
|
|
|
NAME
blood clotting is a ex |
postive feedback
|
|
|
NAME
regulation of body temp is a ex |
negative feeback
|
|
|
NAME
the whithdrawl reflex like when u touch a hot surface is a ex |
negative feedback
|
|
|
NAME
regulation of the blood glucose levels is a ex |
negative feedback
|
|
|
What happens when a blood vessel has been damage? hint:postive feedback (4)
|
(1)blood elements called platelts immdeitatly begin to cling to the injured site (2)and release chemicals that attract more platelts (3)this rapidly growing pile up of platelets intitates the sequence of events that finaly forms the clot
|
|
|
NAME
most disease is regarded as a result of a disturbance, what is this condition |
homeostatic inbalance
|
|
|
What is homeostatic inbalance?
|
is a condition that causes most diseases bc of a disturbance
|
|
|
NAME
the anatmocial reference point reference point is a standard body postion called? |
anatomical postion
|
|
|
the left and right terms refer to (1)
|
the sides of the cadaver being viewed
|
|
|
What is superior ?
|
if the first body part is towards the upper part of the body
|
|
|
NAME (2)
is if the first body part is towards the upper part of the body |
superior or cranial
|
|
|
What is inferior?
|
if the first body part is toward the lower part of the body
|
|
|
NAME
if the first body part is toward the lower part of the body |
inferior
|
|
|
inferior is also called?
|
caudal
|
|
|
(1) is also called caudal
|
inferior
|
|
|
(1) is also called cranial
|
superior
|
|
|
superior is also called (1)
|
cranial
|
|
|
Anterior is also called (1)
|
ventral
|
|
|
(1) is also called ventral
|
anterior
|
|
|
posterior is also called (1)
|
dorsal
|
|
|
(1) is also called dorsal
|
posterior
|
|
|
Superficial is also called (1)
|
external
|
|
|
(1) is also called external
|
superficial
|
|
|
(1)is also called internal
|
Deep
|
|
|
deep is also called (1)
|
internal
|
|
|
What is anterior?
|
if the first body part is toward or at the front of the body
|
|
|
nAME
is if the first body part is toward or at the front of the body |
anterior
|
|
|
NAME
if the first body part is toward the back of the body |
posterior
|
|
|
What is posterior?
|
if the first body part is toward the back of the body
|
|
|
NAME
if first body part is toward the midline of the body or on the inner side |
medial
|
|
|
What is medial?
|
is if the first body part is toward the midline of the body or on the inner side
|
|
|
What is lateral?
|
is if the first body part is away from the midline of the body or on the outer side
|
|
|
NAME
is if the first body part is away from the midline of the body or one the outer side |
lateral
|
|
|
What is intermediate?
|
is when comparing three body parts if the first one is in the middle
|
|
|
NAME
is when comparing three body parts if the first one is in the middle |
intermediate
|
|
|
What is proxmial?
|
is if the first body part is closer to the body trunk
|
|
|
NAME
is if the first body part is closer to the body trunk |
proxmial
|
|
|
NAME
is if the first body part is the fartherest away from the body trunk |
distal
|
|
|
What is distal?
|
is if the first body part is the furtherest away from the body trunk
|
|
|
NAME
is if the first body part is the furtherest away from the body trunk |
distal
|
|
|
What is superficial?
|
if if the first body part is towards or at the body surface
|
|
|
NAME
is if the first body part is towards or at the body surface |
superficial
|
|
|
What is deep?
|
is if the first body part is away from the surface and internal
|
|
|
NAME
is if the first body part is away from the surface and internal |
deep
|
|
|
the head is (1) to the abdomen
|
superior
|
|
|
the navel is (1) to the chin
|
inferior
|
|
|
the breastbone is (1) to the spine
|
anterior
|
|
|
the heart is (1) to the breastbone
|
posterior
|
|
|
the arms are (1) to the chest
|
lateral
|
|
|
the collarbone is (1) btwn the breastbone and the shoulder
|
intermediate
|
|
|
the elbow is (1) to the wrist
|
proximal
|
|
|
the wrist is (1) to the elbow
|
distal
|
|
|
the knee is (1) to the thigh
|
distal
|
|
|
the thigh is (1) to the knee
|
proximal
|
|
|
the skin is (1) to the skeletal muscles
|
superficial
|
|
|
the lungs are (1) to the skin
|
deep
|
|
|
Nasal refers to (1)
|
the nose
|
|
|
(1)refers to the nose
|
nasal
|
|
|
Oral refers to the (1)
|
mouth
|
|
|
(1) refers to the mouth
|
Oral
|
|
|
Cerivical refers to the (1)
|
neck
|
|
|
(1) refers to the neck
|
cerivical
|
|
|
Acromial refers to the (1)
|
point of the shoulder
|
|
|
(1) refers to the point of hte shoulder
|
Acromial
|
|
|
Axiallary refers to the (1)
|
arm pit
|
|
|
(1) refers to the arm pit
|
Axiallary
|
|
|
Abdonimal refers to the (1)
|
abdomen
|
|
|
(1) refers to the abdomen
|
Abdonimal
|
|
|
Brachial refers to the (1)
|
arm
|
|
|
(1) refers to the arm
|
Brachial
|
|
|
Anetcubital refers to the (1)
|
forearm
|
|
|
(1) refers to the forearm
|
Antebrachial
|
|
|
Antebrachial refers to the (1)
|
forearm
|
|
|
The pelvic refers to the (1)
|
pelvis
|
|
|
(1) refers to the pelvis
|
pelvic
|
|
|
Carpal refers to the (1)
|
wrist
|
|
|
(1) refers to the wrist
|
carpal
|
|
|
Pollex refers to the (1)
|
thumb
|
|
|
(1) refers to the thumb
|
pollex
|
|
|
the palmar refers to the (1)
|
palm
|
|
|
(1) refers to the palm
|
palmar
|
|
|
Digital refers to the (1)
|
fingers
|
|
|
(1) refers to the fingers
|
Digital
|
|
|
Pubic refers to the (1)
|
genital region
|
|
|
(1) refers to the genital region
|
pubic
|
|
|
Patellar refers to the (1)
|
anterior knee
|
|
|
(1) refers to the anterior knee
|
Patellar
|
|
|
The curral refers to the (1)
|
leg
|
|
|
(1) refers to the leg
|
curral
|
|
|
Pedal refers to the (1)
|
foot
|
|
|
(1) refers to the foot
|
Pedal
|
|
|
Tarsal refers to the (1)
|
ankle
|
|
|
(1) refers to the ankle
|
Tarsal
|
|
|
Digital refers to the (2)
|
toes and fingers
|
|
|
(1) refers to the toes
|
digital
|
|
|
Frontol refers to the (1)
|
forehead
|
|
|
(1) refers to the forehead
|
Frontol
|
|
|
The orbital refers to the (1)
|
eye
|
|
|
(1) refers to the eye
|
orbital
|
|
|
(1) refers to the cheek
|
buccal
|
|
|
Buccal refers to the (1)
|
cheek
|
|
|
mental refers to the (1)
|
chin
|
|
|
(1) refers to the chin
|
mental
|
|
|
Sternal refers to the
|
breastbone
|
|
|
(1) refers to the breastbone
|
Sternal
|
|
|
Throatcic refes to the (1)
|
chest
|
|
|
(1) refers to the chest
|
Throatcic
|
|
|
Mammmary refers to the (1)
|
breast
|
|
|
(1) refers to the breast
|
Mammary
|
|
|
(1) refers to the navel
|
umbillical
|
|
|
Umbillical refers to the (1)
|
navel
|
|
|
Coxal refers to the (1)
|
hip
|
|
|
(1) refers to the hip
|
coxal
|
|
|
Ingunial refers to the (1)
|
groin
|
|
|
(1) refers to the groin
|
Ingunial
|
|
|
Femoral refers to the (1)
|
thigh
|
|
|
(1) refers to the thigh
|
Femoral
|
|
|
(1) or (2) refers to the side of leg
|
(1)Fibular (2)peroneal
|
|
|
Fibular or peroneal refers to the (1)
|
side of the leg
|
|
|
Hallux refers to your (1)
|
big toe
|
|
|
(1) refers to your big toe
|
Hallux
|
|
|
Cephalic refers to (1)
|
head
|
|
|
(1) refers to the head
|
Cephalic
|
|
|
(1) refers to the upper body
|
upper extremly
|
|
|
Upper extermly refers to the (1)
|
upper body
|
|
|
Manus refers to the (1)
|
hands
|
|
|
(1) refers to the hands
|
manus
|
|
|
(1) refers to the ear
|
Otic
|
|
|
Otic refers to the (1)
|
ear
|
|
|
Occipitial refers to the (1)
|
back of the head or base of the skull
|
|
|
(1) refers to the back of the head or the base of the skull
|
occipitial
|
|
|
Vertebral refers to the (1)
|
spinial column
|
|
|
(1) refers to the spinial column
|
Vertebral
|
|
|
Scapular refers to the (1)
|
the shoulder blade
|
|
|
(1) refers to the shoulder blade
|
Scapular
|
|
|
(1) refers to the arm
|
Brachial
|
|
|
Brachial refers to the (1)
|
arm
|
|
|
Dorsum or Dorsal refers to the (1)
|
back
|
|
|
(1) or (2) refers to the back
|
Dorsum or Dorsal
|
|
|
Olecranal refers to the (1)
|
back of the elbow
|
|
|
(1) refers to the back of the elbow
|
Olecranal
|
|
|
(1) refers to the loin
|
lumbar
|
|
|
Lumbar refers to the (1)
|
loin
|
|
|
(1) refers to the btwn the hips
|
Sacral
|
|
|
Sacral refers (1)
|
btwn the hips
|
|
|
Gluteal refers to the (1)
|
buttock
|
|
|
(1) refers to the buttock
|
Gluteal
|
|
|
Gluteal refers to the (1)
|
buttock
|
|
|
Perineal refers to the (1)
|
region btwn the anus and the external genitial
|
|
|
(1) refers to the region btwn the anus and the external genital
|
Perineal
|
|
|
Formoral refers to the (1)
|
thigh
|
|
|
(1) refers to the thigh
|
Formoral
|
|
|
Popilteal refers to the (1)
|
back of the knee
|
|
|
(1) refers to the back of the knee
|
Popiteal
|
|
|
Sural refers to the (1)
|
calf
|
|
|
(1) refers to the calf
|
Sural
|
|
|
Calcaneal refers to the (1)
|
heel
|
|
|
(1) refers to the knee
|
Calcaneal
|
|
|
(1) refers to the sole
|
Plantar
|
|
|
Plantar refers to the (1)
|
sole
|
|
|
What are the two fundamental divisions of our body?
|
(1)axial and (2) appendicular part
|
|
|
What is the axial part?
|
makes up the main axis of our body includes the head, the neck, and trunk
|
|
|
NAME
makes up the main axis of our body includes the head, the neck, and the trunk |
axial part
|
|
|
What is the appendicular part?
|
consists of appendeges or limbs which are attached to the body's axis
|
|
|
NAME
consists of appendeges or limbs which are attached to the body's axis |
appendicular part
|
|
|
What is the sagittal plane?
|
is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
|
|
|
NAME
is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left planes |
sagittal plane
|
|
|
NAME (2)
a sagittal plane that lies exatcly in the midline |
median plane or midsaggital plane
|
|
|
What is the midsaggital plane?
|
a saggital plane that lies exactly in the midline
|
|
|
NAME
all other saggital planes, offset from the midline |
parasagittal plane
|
|
|
What is a parasagittal plane?
|
all other saggital planes, offset from the midline
|
|
|
A frontal plane is also called (1)
|
cornal plane
|
|
|
(1) is also called cornal plane
|
frontal plane
|
|
|
(1) or (2) plane runs horizontally right to left, dividing the body into supperior and inferior parts
|
tranverse and horizontal
|
|
|
What is a tranverse plane?
|
is a plane runs horizonatally right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
|
|
|
What is a oblique sections?
|
are cuts made diagonlly btwn the horizontal and vertical angles
|
|
|
NAME
are cuts made diagonlly bwtn the horizontal and vertical angles |
oblique angles
|
|
|
What is the dorsal body cavity?
|
which protects the fragile nervous system organs
|
|
|
NAME
protects the fragile nervous system organs |
dorsal body cavity
|
|
|
What are the two subdivisons of the dorsal?
|
(1)cranial cavity (2)vertebral or spinal cavity
|
|
|
What is the cranial cavity ?
|
is in the skull and encases the brain
|
|
|
NAME
is the skull which encases the brain |
cranial cavity
|
|
|
the cranial cavity and the vertebral caivity make up the (1)
|
dorsal body cavity
|
|
|
What is vertebral cavity?
|
runs within the body vertebral column enclosing the spinal cord
|
|
|
NAME
runs whithin the body vertrebral column enclosing the spinal cord |
vertebral cavity
|
|
|
What are the two large cavities of the body?
|
(1) dorsal body cavity (2)ventral body cavity
|
|
|
What is the ventral caivty?
|
is the more anterior and larger of the closed body cavities
|
|
|
NAME
is the more anterior and larger of the closed body cavities |
ventral cavity
|
|
|
The ventral body cavity houses internal organs collectivly called (2)
|
viscera or visceral organs
|
|
|
What are visceral organs?
|
collectivly internal organs housed by the ventral body caivty
|
|
|
What is the thoriacic cavity?
|
is a superior subdivision of the ventral cavity that is surrounded by the ribs and the muscles of the chest
|
|
|
NAME
is a superior subdivision of the ventral cavity that is surrounded by the ribs and muscles of the chest |
thoriacic cavity
|
|
|
The thoriacic cavity is subdivided into (1)
|
lateral pleural cavities
|
|
|
(1) is subdivided further into lateral pleural cavities
|
the thoriacic cavity
|
|
|
What are pleural cavities?
|
each house a lung and the medial mediastinum
|
|
|
NAME
each house a lung and a medial mediastinum |
pleural cavities
|
|
|
What is medial mediastinum?
|
contains the pericardial cavity
|
|
|
NAME
contains the pericardial cavity |
medial mediastinum
|
|
|
What is the pericaridal cavity?
|
encloses the heart and its also surrounds the remaining thoracic organs
|
|
|
NAME
encloses the heart and it also surrounds the remaining thoracic organs |
pericardial cavity
|
|
|
NAME
these organs are the esophagus, trachea, and others |
thoracic organs
|
|
|
Fill in the labels for the different body cavities
|
p 17
|
|
|
The throaccic cavity is separted by from the more inferior (1)
|
abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
|
(1) is separted by from the more inferior abdominopelivic cavity
|
thorarcic cavity
|
|
|
What is the diaohragm?
|
a dome shaped muscle important in breathing
|
|
|
NAME
is a dome shaped muscle important in breathing |
diaphragrm
|
|
|
What is the abdonimal cavity?
|
contains the stomach, instestines, spleen, liver, and other organs
|
|
|
NAME
contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other ograns |
abdonimal cavity
|
|
|
NAME
lies in the bony pelvis and contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum |
pelvic cavity
|
|
|
What is the pelvic cavity?
|
lies in the bony pelivis and contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum
|
|
|
When the body is subjected to physical truma, what organs are the most vunerable?
|
abdominopelivic organs
|
|
|
When are the abdonminopelivic organs the most vunerable?
|
when the body is subjected to physical trauma
|
|
|
Why are the abdonminopelivic organs the most vunerable during physical trauma?
|
bc the walls of the abdonimal cavity are formed only by the trunk musles and are not reinforced by the bone
|
|
|
NAME (2)
a thin double layer membrane that covers the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs |
serosa or serous membrane
|
|
|
What is the serosa?
|
is a thin double layer mebrane that covers the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surface of the organs
|
|
|
NAME
is the part of the membrane lining the cavity walls |
visceral serosa
|
|
|
What is the visceral serosa?
|
is the part of the membrane that membrane lining the cavity walls
|
|
|
NAME
is a folded parietal serosa that covers the organs in the cavity |
visceral serosa
|
|
|
What is the visceral serosa?
|
is a folded parietal serosa that covers the organs in the cavity
|
|
|
What is the serous fluid?
|
a thin layer of lubricating fluid that seperates the serous membranes
|
|
|
NAME
is a thin layer of lubricating fluid that seperates the serous membranes |
serous fluid
|
|
|
What happens when serous membranes are inflamed?
|
they produce less lubricating serous fluid
|
|
|
If a person is producing less lubricating serous fluid, what is the problem?
|
the serous membranes are likely inflamed
|
|
|
What do the serious fluid allow for?
|
the organs to slide w out fricition across the cavity wall and one another
|
|
|
NAME
this allows for the organs to slide w out fircition across the cavitiy wall and one another |
serious fluid
|
|
|
What are the nine regions of the abdonminopelivic regions? draw them
|
p 19
|
|
|
What is the umbilical region?
|
is the centermost region surrunding the umbilicus
|
|
|
NAME
is the centermost region surrunding the umbillicus |
umilical region
|
|
|
What is epigastric region?
|
is located superior to the umbilical region
|
|
|
What does gastri mean?
|
belly
|
|
|
NAME
mean belly |
gastri
|
|
|
NAME
is located superior to the umibilical region |
epigastric region
|
|
|
What is the hypogastric region?
|
is located inferior to the umbilical region
|
|
|
NAME
is located inferior to the umibilical region |
hypogastric region
|
|
|
What does hypo mean?
|
below
|
|
|
NAME
means below |
hypo
|
|
|
What are the left or right iliac or inguinal regions?
|
are located lateral to the hypogastric region
|
|
|
NAME (2)
are locted lateral to the hypogstric region |
left or right iliac or inguinal region
|
|
|
What are the right and left lumbar regions?
|
lie lateral to the umbilical region
|
|
|
NAME
lie lateral to the umbilical region |
left and right lumbar regions
|
|
|
What is right and left hypochondriac regions?
|
flank the epigastric region laterally
|
|
|
NAME
flank the epigastric region laterally |
right and left hypochondriac regions
|
|
|
Hypogastric region is the (1) region
|
pubic
|
|
|
What does RUQ stand for?
|
Right upper quadrant
|
|
|
What does RLQ stand for?
|
right lower quadrant
|
|
|
What does LUQ stand for?
|
left upper quadrant
|
|
|
What does LLQ stand for?
|
left lower quadrant
|
|
|
What are the four abdominopelivic quadrants? (4)
|
(1)RUQ (2)RLQ (3)LUQ (4)LLQ
|
|
|
What is a X ray or radiograph?
|
show shodowy negative of internal structures
|
|
|
NAME (2)
show shodowy negative of internal structures |
X ray or radiograp
|
|
|
What does CT stand for?
|
computed tomography
|
|
|
What does CAT stand for?
|
computerized axial tomography
|
|
|
(1) are the forefront for evaulating most problems that affect the brain and abdomen
|
CAT
|
|
|
What is the xenon CT?
|
is a CT brian scan enhanced w xenon to trace the blood flow
|
|
|
NAME
is a CT brain scan enhanced q xenon to trace the blood flow |
xenon CT
|
|
|
What does DSR stand for?
|
Dynamic spatial reconstruction
|
|
|
What does DSA stand for?
|
digital subtraction angiogly
|
|
|
What does PET stand for?
|
positron emission tomography
|
|
|
What does MRI stand for?
|
magnetic resonance imaging
|
|
|
What does MRS stand for?
|
magentic resonace spectroscopy
|
|
|
What are some problems w the MRI? (2)
|
(1)they can suck metal objects (2) there is no convincing evidence that strog magnetic fields are risk free
|
|
|
What is the DSR?
|
uses CT scanners to provide 3D images of the body organs from any angle
|
|
|
NAME
uses CT scanners to provide 3D images of the body organs from any angle |
DSR
|
|
|
What is the DSA?
|
provides an unobstructed view of the small arteries
|
|
|
NAME
provides an unobstructed view of the small arteries |
DSA
|
|
|
What is the PET?
|
excels in observing metabolic processes
|
|
|
NAME
excels in observing metabolic processes |
PET
|
|
|
(1) greatest value has been its ability to provide insights into brain activity in people affected by mental illness, stroke, , Alzheimer's disease, and epielspsy.
|
PET
|
|
|
What are two distinct adavantages of the sonography or ultrasound?
|
(1)the equiement is inexpensive (2)the high-frequency sound waves are safer
|
|
|
(1) this is the imaging techinque in determing the fetal age and postion and locating the placenta
|
Ultrasound or sonography
|
|
|
What is the MRI?
|
produces high contrast images of our of soft tissue
|
|
|
NAME produces high contrast images of our soft tissue
|
MRI
|
|
|
What is the MRS?
|
maps the distribution of elements other than Hydrogen to reveal more about how disease changes body chemistry
|
|
|
NAME
maps the distrubition of elements other than Hydrogen to reveal more about disease changes body chemistry |
MRS
|
|
|
What is the functional MRI?
|
track blood flow into the brain in real time
|
|
|
NAME
tracks the blood flow into the brain in real time |
functional MRI
|
|
|
What are some other body cavities other then the large ones? (5)
|
(1)oral and digestive cavites (2)nasal cavity (3)orbitial cavity (4)middle ear cavities (5)synovial cavities
|
|
|
What is the oral cavity?
|
commonly called the mouth, contains the teeth and the tongue
|
|
|
NAME
commonly called the mouth, contains the teeth and the tongue |
oral cavity
|
|
|
T or F
the nasal cavity is part of the resouratory system |
True
|
|
|
(1) secretes a lubriacting fluid that reduces friction as the bones move across one another
|
Synovical fluid
|
|
|
Fill in the blanks on the digrams in your lab book about the bodies, different systems, and planes of the body
|
see lab manual
|
