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133 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Innervation of piriformis, gemelli, obturator internus, quadratus femoris?
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lumbosacral plexus or sacral plaxus
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Innervation of obturator externus?
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Posterior obturator nerve
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Ligament running medial to piriformis?
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Sacrotuberous ligament
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Found in the superior margin of the lesser sciatic foramen and running between the sacrum and the ischial spine.
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Sacrospinous ligament
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Lateral Rotatores?
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Piriformis, Superior Gemellus, Obturator Internus, Inferior Gemellus, Quadratus Femoris
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Anterior Thigh Compartment
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Femoral Nerve, Femoral Artery, Femoral Vein, Flexors of hip, extensors of knee
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Pectineus innervation?
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femoral nerve (extend knee, flex hip) and obturator nerve (abduct thigh)
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Common female hernia?
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Inguinual hernia
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Common male hernias?
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Femoral Hernia
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Medial Compartment of Thigh?
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Obturator Nerve, Obturator Artery, Adductors of Thigh
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Muscles in Medial Compartment of Thigh?
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Adductor magnus, Addductoductor Longus, Adductor brevis, gracilis, pectineus, obturator externus
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Posterior Compartment of Thigh
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Tibial Nerves, no arteries, extensors of hip, flexors of knee
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Short Head Biceps Femoris innervation?
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Common Fibular Nerve
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Muscles of Posterior Thigh? (Quadriceps)
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Biceps Formis (long head, short head), Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Adductor Magnus
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Adductor Magnus innervation?
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Tibial Nerve (Hip extension and knee flexion) and obturator nerve (adduction)
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Anterior Leg Compartment
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Anterior Tibial nerve, deep fibular artery
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Anterior Leg muscles?
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Tibialis anterior, Extensor hallucis longus, Extensor digitorum longus
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Lateral compartment of leg?
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superficial fibular nerve, no artery
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Lateral compartment of leg muscles?
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Fibularis Longus, Fibularis brevis
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What holds Fibularis longus and brevis tendons in place?
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Superior and inferior fibular retinacula ligament
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Posterior Compartment of leg
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Posterior Tibial Artery, Tibial nerve
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Superficial posterior leg compartment muscles?
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Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris
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Deep posterior muscles of leg compartment?
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Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Hallucis Longus, Flexor Digitorum Longus
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Where does the posterior tibial artery arise from? Split into?
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Arises from popliteal artery.
Splits medially into posterior tibial artery (posterior compartment) and laterally into fibular artery (lateral compartment) |
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First layer of foot?
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Abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digitorum brevis muscle
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Second layer of foot?
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tendons of Flexor digitorum longus, lumbricals, quadratus plantae
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Third Layer of foot?
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flexor digiti minimi, flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis muscle
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Fourth layer of foot? What are their fcns?
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3 plantar interossei (1 head, middle phalanges, adducts), 4 dorsal interossei (2 heads, middle phalanges, abduct). They both flex the metatarsal phalangeal joints and extend the inner phalangeal joints.
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What does the tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery divide into?
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Medial and lateral plantar nerve and artery behind medial malleolus
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Dorsum muscles of foot? Innervation? Action?
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Extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis.
Deep fibular nerve. Extend the toes. |
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What does the external iliac artery become once it passes under the inguinal ligament?
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Femoral Artery
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When the femoral artery gives off the deep (profunda) femoral artery, what branches off of this?
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Medial circumflex, lateral circumflex, perforating branches (goes to posterior compartment of thigh)
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The femoral artery turns into the popliteal artery behind the knee. What branches from the popliteal artery?
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Laterally from the popliteal artery is the fibular artery. Medial to the popliteal is the posterior tibial artery. Descending deep to the front is the anterior tibial artery.
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Collateral circulation around the knee is obtained from what arteries?
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Superior medial genicular, Superior lateral genicular, inferior medial genicular, inferior lateral genicular, middle genicular
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How does the anterior tibial artery break int he foot?
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Anterior tibial artery --> Dorsalis Pedis Artery --> Arcuate Artery
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How does the arcuate artery break in the foot?
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Dorsal metatarsal artery --> dorsal digital artery
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How does the dorsal pedis artery break on the hallux?
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Deep plantar artery to second digit. First metatarsal artery
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How does the posterior tibial artery break on the plantar aspect of the foot?
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Medial and lateral plantar artery
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The third layer of the foot is primary supplied by which artery? Reinforced by which?
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Lateral plantar artery is reinforced by deep plantar artery (branch of dorsalis pedis artery).
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The deep plantar arch artery breaks into what on the plantar part of the foot?
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Deep plantar arch artery--> plantar metatarsal artery --> plantar digital arteries
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Iliohypogastric nerve
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L1, lumbosacral plexus
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Ilioinguinal Nerve
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L1, lumbosacral plexus
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Genitofemoral N.
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L1 and L2, lumbosacral plexus
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Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh
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L2 and L3, lumbosacral plexus
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Femoral N.
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L2-L4, lumbosacral plexus
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Lumbosacral Trunk
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L4-L5, lumbosacral plexus
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Obturator Nerve
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L2-L4
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Superior Gluteal N.
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L4-S1, sacral and coccygeal plexus
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Inferior Gluteal N.
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L5-S2, sacral and coccygeal plexus
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Nerve to Piriformis
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S1-S2, sacral and coccygeal plexus
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Sciatic Nerve (L4 – S3)
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L4-S3, Commmon Fibular nerve, tibial Nerve, sacral and coccygeal plexus
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Nerve to Quadratus Femoris & Inferior Gemellus
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L4-S1, sacral and coccygeal plexus
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Nerve to Obturator Internus & Superior Gemellus
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L5-S2, sacral and coccygeal plexus
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Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh
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S1-S3, sacral and coccygeal plexus
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Pudendal Nerve
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S2-S4, sacral and coccygeal plexus
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Sciatic nerve divides into what in the popliteal area?
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Tibial and common fibular
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What does the common fibular nerve divide into at the head/neck of the fibula?
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Deep fibular and superficial fibular
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What are the lateral compartment muscles of legs? What do they do? Innervation? Artery?
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Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis. They evert the foot. Superficial fibular nerve. Perforating branches from fibular artery
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What muscle is the exception in the posterior thihg (quadriceps)?
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Short head of Biceps femoris is innervated by common fibular nerve. All other muscles in this group are innervated by tibial nerve.
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What fuses into the calcaneal tendon?
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Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
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How do the tendons from the posterior leg merge under the medial malleolus?
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Tibialis posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus
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Knee extensors?
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Vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris
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Hip flexors?
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iliopsoas, pectineus, sartorius, rectus femoris
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Thigh adductors?
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Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis
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Thigh flexors?
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adductor magnus, adductor brevis, pectineus
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Leg flexor?
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gracilis
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Shunt muscle/Stabilizer of femur?
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Obturator externus
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Thigh extensors?
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biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus maximus
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Knee flexors?
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biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
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Medial rotatores?
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Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor of the fascia lata
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lateral rotatores?
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biceps femoris, superior gemullus, obturator internus,obturator externus, superior gemellus, quadratus femoris, piriformis, gluteus maximus
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When are hamstrings most active?
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eccentric contractions
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Thigh abductors? Innervation of them?
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Gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, tensor of the fascia lata. Superior gluteal nerve
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When does gluteus maximus fcn most?
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When high forces are applied. Fast movement.
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What makes the triceps oxae?
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Superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus
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Action of the medial thigh? anterior thigh? posterior thigh?
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adduction. extension. flexion.
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Action of the posterior leg? lateral leg? anterior leg?
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plantarflexion (flexion). eversion. dorsiflexion (extension)
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Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion refer to motion around which joint?
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talorcural joint
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Inversion and eversion refer to motion around which joint?
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subtalar joint
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What muscles allow ankle dorsiflexion?
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tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, Fibularis tertius
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Muscle(s) that invert ankle
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tibialis anterior
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Ankle evertors?
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Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis, fibularis tertius. They also stabilize ankle during plantarflexion
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Plantarflexors?
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Gastrocnemius (slightly felx knee), soleus, plantaris
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Which muscle is mainly a proprioceptor?
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plantaris
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Which muscle is the main postural muscle of the triceps surae group?
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soleus
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Plantarflexors?
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flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibilias posterior
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Invertor of ankle?
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tibialis posterior and tibialis anterior. Note that they both descend to the medial malleolus.
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What does pure plantarflexion involve?
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synergist-antagonist interaction
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Which muscles are innervated by medial plantar nerve?
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1LAFF- 1st lumbrical, abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digiotorum brevis
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What are the three arches of the foot?
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Medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, and transverse arch.
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Static support of the medial longitudinal arch?
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Plantar aponeurosis,
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament, Long and short plantar ligaments, Interosseous ligaments |
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Dynamic support of the medial longitudinal arch?
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Tibialis posterior, Flexor hallucis longus, Short muscles of the foot:
Abductor hallucis, Flexor hallucis brevis, Flexor digitorum brevis |
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Static support of lateral longitudinal arch?
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Long plantar ligament.
Interosseous ligaments |
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Dynamic support of lateral longitudinal arch?
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Fibularis longus, Fibularis brevis, Abductor digiti minimi
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What supports the transverse arch?
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Fibularis longus, Tibialis posterior,
Adductor hallucis |
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Hammer Toe? Muscles involved? Nerves involved?
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Proximal phalanx is markedly extended at the MTP joint and the middle phalanx is strongly flexed at the PIP joint.
Lumbricals, interossei. Lateral and medial plantar nerve. |
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Hallux Valgus?
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Pressure from footwear and degenerative joint disease; it is characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe
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Pes Cavus? Muscles involved? Nerves involved?
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A markedly high plantar vault.
Tibialis posterior, short foot mm., flexor hallucis longus, fibularis longus. Tibial nerve, lateral and medial plantar nerves, superficial fibular nerves. |
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Pes planus?
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A markedly flat plantar vault
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Which artery supplies blood to the femoral neck?
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medial circumflex femoral artery
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Which artery provides blood to the acetabulum of the hip bone?
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acetabular branch of the obturator artery
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Which artery supplies to the lateral thigh and hip?
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descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery
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What artery supplies the posterior thigh?
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Perforating branches of the depp femoral artery
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Is the femoral artery in the femoral canal?
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No, it is in the femoral sheath with the femoral vein. The femoral canal is medial to the femoral sheath and contains deep inguinal lymph nodes.
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What is the roof of the adductor canal? What is contained in the adductor canal?
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Sartorius. Femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve (only nerve found) and saphenous vein
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What does the adductor canal contain?
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Femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve
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What happens to the femoral artery as it descends from the femur?
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Before it enters the adductor canal it branches to give off the medial genicular artery. In the adductor canal it passes through the adductor hiatus to become the popliteal artery.
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What is the significance of Pes Ansirinus?
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Sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus form a conjoined tendon here. Associated knee pain and weakness can occur here.
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What is a landmark for the sural cutaneous nerve?
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Travels along the midaxis of the leg, between the gastrocnemius 2 heads. The medial sural cutaneous nerve roots from the common fibular nerve. The lateral sural cutaneous nerve roots from the tibial nerve.
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Where does the nutrient artery arise?
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It branches off the posterior tibial artery, inferior to where the fibular artery branches off. It inserts into the tibia.
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The digits are tied to together distally by what?
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Superficial transverse metatarsal ligament
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What does the medial plantar nerve innervate?
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Flexor digitorum brevis muscle, abductor hallucis muscle, 1st lumbrical, flexor hallucis brevis
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What does the lateral plantar never innervate?
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Abductor digiti minimi, 2-4 lumbricals, quadratus plantae, flexor digiti minimi muscle, adductor hallucis muscle, dorsal and plantar interosseous
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Where do the medial and plantar nerves originate? Where do the medial and lateral plantar arteries originate?
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tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery
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Landmark of anterior tibial artery?
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Between the tibialis anterior and the extensor digitorum longus muscles, and on the interosseous membrane
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Where does the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis run? Innervation? Blood supply?
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Fibularis longus runs under the lateral malleolus, hooks around the cuboid to the soul of the foot, and runs across the base of the first metatarsal. Fibularis brevis run under the lateral malleolus, and runs forward, attaching at the fifth metatarsal.
Superficial Fibular Nerve Fibular Artery |
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What is unique about Fibularis Tertius Muscle?
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This muscle splits from extensor digitorum longus muscle in about 30% of the population. It attaches to the 5th metatarsal.
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What links the medial and lateral menisci together?
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Transverse genicular ligament
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What are the medial ligaments of the ankle?
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Anterior and Posterior Tibiotalar part, tibiocalcaneal part, and a tibionavicular part. These form the
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What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle? Which are stronger, the medial or lateral ligaments of the ankle?
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Calcaneofibular ligament, anterior talofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament. The lateral side is weakly protected in comparison to the medial ligaments.
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Ankle Sprains: What involved type 1, 2, 3?
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1: anterior talofibular ligament.
2: 1 + calcaneofibular ligament 2. 2+ posterior talofibular ligament |
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What ligament is between the calcaneous and navicular?
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Spring Ligament
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Where is the coxofemoral joint located? Type? Movement? Ligament protection?
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In the hip. Ball and socket.
Flexion/Extension, abduction/adduction, rotation iliofemoral ligament, ischiofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament |
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What type of joint is the knee? Movement? ligament protection?
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Condyloid.
flexion/extension, rotation medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligamant, anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament Also has medial and lateral menisci |
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What type of joint is the subtalar? Movement?
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plane.
inversion/eversion |
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What type of joint is the ankle? Movement? Protecting ligaments?
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hinge
flexion/extension inferior tibiofibular ligament, medial (deltoid) ligament, anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament It also maintain mortise |
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What type of joint is the talocalcaneonavicular? Movement? Ligament protection?
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Plane.
multiaxial spring ligament It supports the entire weight of body coming through talus. |
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What type of joint is the tarsometatarsal joint? Movement? Ligament?
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Plane.
multiaxial transverse metacarpal ligament |
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What type of joint is the calcaneocuboid ligament? Movement? Ligament protection?
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plane
inversion/eversion short and long plantar ligament |
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metatarsophalangeal joint? movement? ligament?
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condyloid
flexion/extension, abduction/adduction fibrous capsule, collateral ligament, plantar plane |
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interphalangeal joint? movement? ligament?
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hinge
flexion/extension collateral ligaments, plantar plate |
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Varus? Example?
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Indicates distal ens of bone point towards the midline.
Bowlegged |
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Valgus? Example?
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Indicates that the distal end of the bone points away from the midline.
"Knocked knee" |
