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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 major sutures in the skull?
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1. Coronal
2. Sagittal 3. Lamboid 4. Squamous |
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What bones are fused by the coronal suture?
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Frontal bone with the paired parietal bones
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What bones are fused by the sagittal suture?
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The two parietal bones meet midline at the sagittal suture
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What bones are fused by the lamboid suture?
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Occipital bone is fused with both parietal bones at the lamboid suture
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What bones are fused by the squamous suture?
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Parietal and temporal bones are fused by the squamous suture on each lateral side of the skull
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What is the name of the large hole in the occiptal bone through which the inferior part of the brain connects with the spinal cord?
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Foramen Magnum
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What bone is considerd the keystone of the cranium?
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Sphenoid Bone
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What is the saddle shaped prominence on the superior surface of the sphenoid bone?
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Sella Turcica
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What are the layers of the scalp from superficial to deep?
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(SCALP) skin > connective tissue > aponeurosis (galea) > loose connective tissue > pericranium
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What is the pterion and what vessel is deep to it?
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The pterion is a portion on the lateral side of the skull where the front, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bone meet. Deep to the pterion is the middle menigeal artery
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Swelling to the pituitary gland can cause pressure to what nerve?
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Swelling to the pituitary gland can cause blindness by increasing pressure to the optic tract
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What is coup-contrecoup?
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- Injury to the back of the brain from a trauma to the frontal part of the brain
- can cause intercranial hemorrhage |
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What are some complications from a fracture to the superior orbit? inferior orbit?
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- superior orbital fracture can affect supraorbital nerve
- inferior orbital fracture can cause entrapment of the inferior muscle (muscle gets caught on fractured bone) |
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What forms the borders of the anterior triangle in the neck?
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- sternocleidomastoid muscle
- lower body of the mandible - anterior midline of the trachea |
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What forms the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?
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- sternocleidomastoid muscle
- clavicle - trapezius muscle |
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What is torticollis?
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spasm in a muscle in the neck
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Name the different areas in the head and neck where lymph nodes are found
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1. Preauricular
2. Post-auricular 3. Occipital 4. Tonsilar 5. Sub-mandibular 6. Sub-mental 7. Superfical Cervical 8. Deep Cervical 9. Posterior Cervical 10. Supraclavicular |
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What are the borders of zone 1?
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Clavicle to the cricoid cartilage
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What are the borders of zone 2 in the neck?
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Cricoid cartilage to the base of the mandible
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What are the borders of zone 3 in the neck?
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Mandible to the base of the cranium
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What is the most common site of epitaxis (nosebleed)?
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Bleeding from Kisselbach's plexus
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What bones form the hard palate?
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- the palatine processes of the maxillae anteriorly
- horizontal plates of the palatine bones posteriorly |
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What is primary craniosynostosis?
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premature closure of the cranial sutures
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What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid?
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- helps maintain the balance of extracellular fluid
- cushions and nourishes the brain |
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What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?
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1. Midbrain
2. Pons 3. Medulla Oblongata |
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What cells produce CSF?
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Choroidal epithelial cells of the choroid plexus
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What is the limbus?
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The limbus is the corneal-sclera junction
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Inflammation of which glands can cause a sty (chalazion/hordeolum)?
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the tarsal (meiobmian) glands
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The cornea and sclera are regions of which layer in the eye?
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The Fibrous tunic (the outermost layer)
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What is the name of the middle layer in the eye?
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The vascular tunic or uvea
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What are the portions of the uvea from anterior to posterior?
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Iris, ciliary body, choroid
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What is blepharitis?
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inflammation of the eyelid
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What is aniscoria?
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unequal pupil size
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What is hyperopia?
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Far-sightedness (can't see near)
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What is myopia?
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Near-sightedness (can't see far)
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What is dacrocystitis?
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Inflammation of the lacrimal gland
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What is hemianopsia?
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without half of the field of vision
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What space constitutes the anterior chamber of the eye?
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The space between the cornea anteriorly and the iris/pupil posteriorly
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What space constitutes the posterior chamber of the eye?
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The space between the iris/pupil anteriorly and the lens/ciliary body posteriorly
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What is the macula lutea?
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- A small, oval, yellow spot lateral to the optic disc
- it is the area of the retina with special photoreceptor cones, specialized for acuity of vision |
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What is the fovea centralis?
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It is at the center of the macula lutea and is the area of most acute vision
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Describe the movement of the aqueous humor
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• The aqueous humor is produced in the posterior chamber by the ciliary processes of the ciliary body
• After passing through the pupil into the anterior chamber, the aqueous humor drains into the scleral venous sinus (or canal of Schlemm) |
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Describe the shape of the lens for near vision? and far vision?
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- The lens is relatively flat so that its refraction enables far vision
- parasympathetic stimulation causes the lens to increase its convexity for near vision |
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What is hyphema?
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A hemorrahge within the anterior chamber of the eyeball
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What is bullous myringitis?
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Otitis media with a vesicular bulla on the tympanic membrane
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What are two things that can cause unequal rise of the uvula?
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1. peri-tonsillar abscess (PTA)
2. problem with cranial nerve IX or X |
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Which duct lies at the base of the tongue?
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Wharton's duct (duct of the submandibular gland)
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Which duct lies in the buccal mucosa of the cheek?
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Stenson's duct (duct of the parotid gland)
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