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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics of adult circulation (5)
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Two distinct circulations
No blood mixing in the heart Left and right ventricles see equal blood volumes Systemic system has high resistance; pulmonic has low Arterial oxygen saturation is 100% |
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Shunts in infant heart
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Ductus arteriosus
Foramen ovale Interventricular foramen |
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Ductus arteriosus
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Blood from pulmonary artery pushed into descending aorta
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Foramen ovale
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Blood from right atrium leaks to left atrium
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Interventricular foramen
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Blood from right ventricle leaked to left ventricle
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Ductus venosus
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Origin of oxygenated blood to heart
Shunt from umbilicus directly to IVC (bypasses liver) |
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Maximal oxygen saturation in infants
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70% (re: infant circulation)
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Birth changes and effects (3)
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Reduced pressure in lungs and increased PO2 - causes DA to close
Decreased IVC flow and increased pulmonary vein flow - FO closes Ductus venosus closes (mechanism unclear) |
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Foramen ovale closing (properties)
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Functional closing; can reopen if RA pressure is increased
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Pharmacological manipulations of DA
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Prostaglandins maintain patent
Aspirin closes it |
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Pressure in fetal heart
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Right and left ventricle have same pressure
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No shunt; acyanotic heart malformation
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Coarctation of aorta (congenital classification)
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Atrial septal defect (properties and classification)
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Right ventricular enlargement
Pulmonary artery prominent on x-ray Acyanotic; shunting |
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Ventral septal defect (properties and classification)
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Overcirculation of lungs
Eventually switch to cyanotic shunt Acyanotic; shunting |
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Patent ductus arteriosus (symptoms)
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Enlargement of pulmonary vessels
Hypertrophy of both ventricles and left atrium Shunting; acyanotic |
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Tetralogy of Fallot (properties and classification)
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Unequal division of outflow tracks
VSD Over-riding aorta Pulmonary stenosis Right ventricular hypertrophy RL shunt; cyanotic |
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Treatment for tetralogy of fallot
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Used to anastomose pulmonary arteries with subclavian
Now just fix pulmonary stenosis and narrow aorta |
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Transposition of great vessels (cause, properties and treatment)
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Failure of spiral septum to develop
Cyanosis; need ASD or VSD or PDA to survive Reattach the arteries correctly |
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Tricuspid atresia (properties)
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Right ventricle atrophy
Left ventricle hypertrophy |
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Bulbis cordis
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Becomes part of the right ventricle and some of the left
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Sinus venosus
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Forms the coronary sinus
Forms the right atrium (smooth part) |
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Right sinus horn
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Leads to right atrium
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Primitive pulmonary vein
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Leads to left atrium
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Dartos fascia in the abdomen
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Scarpa's fascia in the penis
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Potential fascial space in the abdomen
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Between Scarpa's fascia and external obliques
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Hernia
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A weakness or opening
Tissue or organ MAY protrude |
