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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between the pulmonary and systemic circuits?
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1. Pulmonary circuit – blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs
2. Systemic circuit – blood vessels that carry blood to and from all body tissues |
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Be able to describe the location, shape, and approximate size of the heart. Where is the apex and where is the base?
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Location: Lies deep to the sternum within the mediastinum & rests on the superior surface of the diaphragm
Size: a fist (< 1 pound) Apex: left of the midline and anterior to the rest of the heart (the point) Base: broad posterior surface (on top of atria) |
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What is the pericardium?
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double-walled sac that encloses the heart
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Be able to describe pericardium's parts (fibrous pericardium, visceral layer of serous pericardium, parietal layer of serous pericardium) and their functions
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Fibrous pericardium: Outer layer of dense connective tissue, protects and anchors heart
Visceral layer of serous pericardium: covers external surface of heart Parietal layer of serous pericardium: lines inner surface of fibrous pericardium |
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Where is the pericardial cavity? What is the function of serous fluid in this cavity?
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space between parietal and visceral layers
cushion and protect heart |
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Which layer of the pericardium forms part of the heart wall?
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Visceral layer
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What are the three layers of the heart wall? Which layer contains cardiac muscle?
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Epicardium – visceral layer of serous pericardium
Myocardium – layer of cardiac muscle Endocardium – lines the heart chambers (endothelium) |
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What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart and what are its main functions?
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Network of connective tissue that reinforces myocardium
1. Anchors bundles of cardiac muscle fibers 2. Supports vessels and valves 3. Limits spread of action potentials to specific pathways |
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Describe the location and function/significance of the interatrial septum
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between the atria, separate them
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Describe the location and function/significance of the interventricular septum
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between the ventricles, separate them
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What structure separates the atria from each other?
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Interatrial septum
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What are the three veins that carry blood to the right atrium, and where does this blood come from?
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1.Superior vena cava – from body areas superior to diaphragm
2.Inferior vena cava – from body areas inferior to diaphragm 3.Coronary sinus – from the heart wall |
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Which veins carry blood to the left atrium, and where does this blood come from?
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pulmonary veins
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What is the name of the muscular ridges found on the interior wall of the right atrium?
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Pectinate muscles
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What is the fossa ovalis, and what fetal structure is it a remnant of?
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shallow depression in interatrial septum
foramen ovale |
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What structure separates the ventricles from each other?
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Interventricular septum
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Which artery carries blood away from the right ventricle? Where does this blood go?
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Aorta
body |
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Which artery carries blood away from the left ventricle? Where does this blood go?
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Pulmonary Trunk
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What is the name of the muscular ridges found on the interior walls of both ventricles?
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Trabeculae carnae
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Which heart chamber has the thickest walls, and why?
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Ventricles
pumps high-O2 blood into the aorta, carries blood to tissue cells throughout the body |
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What is the coronary circulation?
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Functional blood supply of the heart muscle itself
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Know the functions of the coronary arteries, cardiac veins, and coronary sinus.
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Coronary arteries: arise from base of aorta, collateral routes ensure blood delivery in case a vessel is occluded
Cardiac veins: collect venous blood Coronary Sinus: venous blood empties into the coronary sinus |
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What chamber does the coronary sinus empty into?
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right atrium
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What is the function of valves in the heart?
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Ensure that blood flows in a single direction through the heart
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Be able to name the four heart valves, give their location, and describe their general structure.
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1. Atrioventricular (AV) valves (Tricuspid & Bicuspid) – lie between atria and ventricles, prevent backflow into atria when ventricles contract
2. Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves – guard the bases of the large arteries Prevent backflow into ventricles |
