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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the six functions of the skeletal system?
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1. Support
2. Protection 3. Movement 4. Production of blood cells in the red marrow of long bones 5. Fat storage in yellow bone marrow 6. Storage and release of minerals |
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Name the five different types of bones and an example of each.
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1. Long bones - femur
2. Short bones - carpals 3. Flat bones - scapula 4. Irregular bones - vertebrae 5. Sesamoid bones ("free floating") - knee cap |
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What are the two types of bone tissue and where are they located in long bones?
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Spongy bone is located within the compact bone.
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What are the three types of cells involved in bone growth and development?
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Osteoblasts (bone forming cells), osteoclasts (break down bone tissue), and osteocytes (support cells).
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What is the diaphysis of a long bone and where is it located?
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The diaphysis is the long cylindrical shaft of the bone; typically located in the middle of a long bone.
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What is the medullary cavity of a long bone and where is it located?
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The medullary cavity is the hallow core of a long bone, within the diaphysis. This is where bone marrow is located.
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What is the epiphysis of a long bone and where is it located?
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The epiphysis is the end of a long bone; usually wider than the diaphysis and is where bones grow in length.
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What is the periosteum of a long bone and where is it located?
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The periosteum is the lining around a bone; High vascular and pain-sensitive; contains cells for bone growth and is not present on the epiphysis.
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What is the atricular cartilage of a long bone and where is it located?
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The atricular cartilage covers the epiphyseal surfaces and functions to distribute weight evenly throughout the bone surface and to allow for joint motion.
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What is the metaphysis of a long bone and where is it located?
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The metaphysis is located at the junction of the diaphysis and the epiphysis. This is the growth portion of the long bone.
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What is the epiphyseal plate of a long bone and where is it located?
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The epiphyseal plate is also known as the "growth plate". It's a thin layer of cartilage between the epiphysis and diaphysis.
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Name the two major parts of the skeletal system.
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Axial and appendicular skeletons
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What is the purpose of the axial skeleton?
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Support and protection.
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What is the purpose of the appendicular skeleton?
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Locomotion.
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Where do the axial and appendicular skeletons articulate?
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1. Sternoclavicular joint
2. iliosacral joint [sacroiliac (SI) joint] |
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Name the main parts of the axial skeleton.
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Skull, sternum, vertebrae, and ribs.
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Name the main parts of the appendicular skeleton.
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Upper and lower extremities (legs, arms, shoulder blades, pelvis)
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What type of bony marking is an angle?
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An angle is a projecting corner of a bone
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What type of bony marking is a border?
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A border is a linear ridge of bone.
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What type of bony marking is a process?
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A process is a general term for any prominence or prolongation from a bone.
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What type of bony marking is a fossa?
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A fossa is a shallow depression in a bone.
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What type of bony marking is a condyle?
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A condyle is a rounded, knuckle-shaped projection that forms a joint.
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What type of bony marking is an epicondyle?
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An epicondyle is a small projection over a condyle.
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What type of bony marking is a trochanter?
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A trochanter is a large, rough process found on the femur.
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What type of bony marking is a tuberosity/tubercle?
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A tuberosity/tubercle is a larger, rounded projection.
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What types of joints have monoaxial movement?
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Hinge and pivot joints. They can only move one way.
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What types of joints have biaxial movement?
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Saddle and ellipsodial joints. They can only move two ways.
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What types of joints have multiaxial movement?
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Ball & socket and gliding joints. They can move multiple ways.
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Define flexion.
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To bend.
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Define extension.
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To straighten.
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Define abduction.
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To move away from the midline.
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Define adduction.
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To move toward the midline.
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Define the difference between internal and external rotations.
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Internal rotation is when the anterior aspect of a bone moves medially. External rotation is when the anterior aspect of a bone moves laterally.
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What's a common name for the clavicle?
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"Collar bone"
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What's a common name for the scapula?
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"shoulder bone"
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Where is the humerus located?
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The upper arm.
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Where are the ulna and radius located, respectively?
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In the lower arm; the radius on the lateral side, the ulna on the medial side (when in anatomical position).
Radius - thumb side Ulna - pinky side |
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Where are the carpals located?
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The carpals are located in your wrist.
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What are the metacarpals?
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The bones in your palms.
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What are phalanges in the upper extremity?
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Fingers.
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What is the official term for the "shoulder socket"?
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The glenohumeral joint.
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Where is the acromion process of the scapula located?
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At the far lateral end of the spine of the scapula.
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What is the spine of the scapula?
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The spine of the scapula is the horizontal part of the scapula that sticks out most.
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Where is the supraspinous fossa of the scapula located?
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The Supraspinous fossa is the depression just above the spine of the scapula.
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Where is the infraspinous fossa located on the scapula?
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The infraspinous fossa is the depression just below the spine of the scapula.
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Where is the superior angle of the scapula located?
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The superior angle of the scapula is the part that is most superior and located on the medial side of the scapula.
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Where is the inferior angle of the scapula located?
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The inferior angle of the scapula is the lowest corner of the scapula.
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Where is the medial border of the scapula?
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The medial border of the scapula is closest to the spine.
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Where is the lateral border of the scapula?
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The lateral border of the scapula is under the arms.
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Where is the coracoid process of the scapula?
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The coracoid process is behind the spine of the scapula; toward the front of the body.
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Where is the glenoid fossa of the scapula?
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The glenoid fossa is the depression under the spine of the scapula that starts the connection from the scapula to the humerus.
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Where is the head of the humerus?
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The head of the humerus is the superior-medial, ball-shaped top ends of the humerus.
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Where is the greater tubercle of the humerus?
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The greater tubercle is the more lateral tubercle at the top end of the humerus.
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Where is the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
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The lesser tubercle of the humerus is the more medial tubercle at the top end.
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Where is the bicipital groove of the humerus?
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The bicipital groove, also known as the intertubercular groove of the humerus, is located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus.
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Where is the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus located?
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The deltoid tuberosity is a small tuberosity in the middle of the shaft of the humerus, more on the lateral sides.
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Where is the lateral epicondyle of the humerus located?
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The lateral epicondyle is the lateral 'bump' on the lower end of the humerus.
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Where is the medial epicondyle of the humerus located?
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The medial epicondyle is the medial 'bump' on the lower end of the humerus; next to the lateral epicondyle.
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Where is the olecranon fossa of the humerus?
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The olecranon fossa is between the epicondyles of the humerus; it kind of looks like the upper half of a layered hole.
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Where is the olecranon process of the ulna?
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The olecranon process of the ulna is right at the top of the ulna, close to the olecranon fossa of the humerus; looks like the bottom half of a layered hole.
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Where is the styloid process of the ulna?
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The styloid process of the ulna is the process at the very bottom of the ulna.
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Where is the head of the ulna?
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The head of the ulna is at the bottom, near the carpals (wrist).
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Where is the head of the radius?
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The head of the radius is at the top, near the elbow.
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Where is the neck of the radius?
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The neck of the radius is just under the head of the radius.
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Where is the radial tuberosity?
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The radial tuberosity is the part that bumps out at the top half toward the ulna.
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Where is the styloid process of the radius?
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The styloid process of the radius is on the same end as the styloid process of the ulna.
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What are the carpals more commonly known as?
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The wrist.
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How many carpal bones do normal skeletons have?
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8- 2 rows of 4
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Name the proximal row of carpals in dorsal view of your right hand.
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Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform
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Name the distal row of carpals in dorsal view of your right hand.
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Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
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How are the metacarpals numbered?
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From one to five, starting with the thumb.
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Where are sesamoid bones located in the metacarpals?
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Two are located near the head of the first metacarpal.
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How many phalanxes are in each phalange bone of a hand?
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Two in each thumb, three in each other finger. 14 total, each hand.
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How many bones are in each hand?
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29
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How many bones are in the whole skeleton as an adult?
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206
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Where, in the lower extremity, is the ilium located?
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The ilium is the upper part of your hips, where most people rest their hands on.
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Where, in the lower extremity, is the ischium located?
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The ischium is the lower part of the hip in which you sit on.
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Where is the pubic bone?
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The pubic bone is the lower, medial part of the hips closest to the pubis.
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What bone is the femur?
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The femur is the upper leg and the largest and heaviest of the entire skeleton of the human body.
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What bone is the Tibia?
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The tibia is one of the lower leg bones; the larger one also known as the 'shin'.
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What bone is the fibula?
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The fibula is the skinnier lower leg bone next to the tibia.
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Where are the tarsals?
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The tarsals are in your ankles.
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What are metatarsals?
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Metatarsals are the bones that make up the soles of your feet.
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What are the phalanges of the lower extremity?
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Your toes.
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What three bones makes up the pelvic girdle?
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ilium, ischium, and pubic bone
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What is the official name of the "hip socket"?
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Acetabulum
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What bony landmark of the ilium is the iliac crest?
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The iliac crest is the edgy part at the topmost part of the hips.
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What bony landmark of the ilium is the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)?
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The ASIS is the ridgy part of the hip that sticks out most in the front.
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What bony landmark of the ilium is the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)?
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The AIIS is the ridgy part of the hip that continues down further from the ASIS.
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Where on the femur is the head of the femur?
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The head of the femur is the ball-shaped top end of the femur.
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Where is the neck of the femur?
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The neck of the femur is just under the head of the femur.
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Where is the greater trochanter of the femur?
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The greater trochanter of the femur is the other bump of an end at the top of the femur opposite of the head of the femur.
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Where is the shaft of the femur?
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The shaft of the femur is the entire cylindrical middle part of the femur.
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Where is the medial condyle of the femur located?
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The medial condyle of the femur is the medial 'bump' at the lower end of the femur.
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Where is the lateral condyle of the femur located?
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The lateral condyle of the femur is the lateral 'bump' at the lower end of the femur.
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Which lower leg bone bears weight?
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Tibia
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Where on the tibia, is the tibial plateau?
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The tibial plateau is the flat top part of the tibia.
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Where on the tibia, is the tibial tubercle?
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The tibial tubercle is located just beneath the condyles of the tibia.
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Where on the tibia, is the medial malleolous located?
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The medial malleolous is located at the bottom of the tibia, the part of your ankle bone that sticks out medially.
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Where is the head of the fibula?
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The head of the fibula is up at the top of the bone, near the knee area.
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Where is the neck of the fibula?
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The neck of the fibula is located just beneath the head of the fibula.
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Where is the lateral malleolous located?
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On the end of the fibula, opposite of the medial malleolous, the lateral malleolous sticks out laterally from your ankle area.
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What bones are your tarsals?
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The tarsals are what make up your ankles and heels in the foot.
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Name the seven tarsals.
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Navicular, Talus, Calcaneous, Cuboid, and three cuneiforms.
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How are metatarsals numbered?
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Metatarsals are numbered just like metacarpals are numbered--starting at number one with the big toe to five at the littlest toe.
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How many phalanxes are in each phalange bone of the feet?
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The big toes each have two, and the rest of the toes have three each. Same as the fingers.
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How many arches are present in each foot?
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3.
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Name the three points of contact in each foot.
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1. Calcaneal tuberosity.
2. Head of the first metatarsal. 3. Head of the fifth metatarsal. |
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Name the arches of the feet.
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1. Transverse metatarsal arch (MTA)
2. Medial longitudinal arch (MLA) 3. Lateral longitudinal arch (LLA) |
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Name the cranial bones.
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Mandible, maxilla, occipital bone, frontal bone, parietal bone, temporal bone, nasal bone
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What is the foramen magnum?
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The foramen magnum is the opening where the spine and base of the skull connect.
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Name the three regions of the spinal column. Identify how many vertebrae are in each and what type of curvature each region usually has.
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Cervical - 7 - convex forward
Thoracic - 12 - concave forward Lumbar - 5 - convex anteriorly or the 'lordotic curve' |
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What are the sacrum and coccyx?
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The sacrum is located after the lumbar region of the spine and is made of 5 fused vertebrae.
The Coccyx is located at the very end of the spine and is made of 4 fused vertebrae. Also known as the "tail bone". |
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Where is the spineous process of a vertebrae?
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The pointy bit that sticks out dorsally of the vertebrae.
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Where is the transverse process of a vertebrae?
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The transverse processes are the lateral pointy bits of the vertebrae.
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What part is the body of the vertebrae?
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The body of the vertebrae is the bigger, circular part that the disc sits over.
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What are the vertebral foramen or the spinal canal?
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The hole in the vertebrae are known as the vertebral foramen.
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What are the facet joints of the vertebrae?
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The facet joints are where the vetebrae connect to each other and are located between each transverse process and the spineous process.
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What are the three parts of the sternum and where are they located, respectively?
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Manubrium, is the part at the top; the body is the middle part and the xiphoid process is the tip end that sticks out at the bottom.
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How many ribs does a normal adult human have?
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12 pairs, 24 ribs
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Name the three types of ribs, how many there are of each, and indicate where each connect to.
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True ribs - 7 - attach directly to the sternum
False Ribs - 8-10 - attach indirectly to the sternum via the 7th rib Floating ribs - 2 - have no anterior attachment. |
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How many bones are in the foot?
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28
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