Anatomy For Test #1

Front 1

Chemical composition of the plasma membrane and relate it to membrane functions.

Back 1

defines the extent of a cell, thereby separating two of the body's major fluid compartments- the intracellular fluid within cells and the extracellular fluid outside cells.

Front 2

lipid bilayer?

Back 2

lipid bilayer- forms the basic "fabric" of the membrane, is constructed largely of phospholipids, with small amounts of cholesterol.

Front 3

what is it about phospholipids that makes them effective molecules for membrane structure.

Back 3

each has a polar "head" that is charged and hydrophilic, and an uncharged, nonpolar "tail" made of 2 fatty acid chains and hydrophobic. encourages biological membranes to self-assemble into closed, generally spherical, structures and to real themselves quickly when torn

Front 4

major atoms in carbs

Back 4

hydogren to oxygen 2:1
CH2O - general formula
C 6 H 12 O 6 - glucose

Front 5

major atoms in lipids

Back 5

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Front 6

major atoms in proteins

Back 6

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Front 7

major atoms in nucleic acids

Back 7

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phophorus
atoms make up nucleotides

Front 8

subclassification of carbs

Back 8

1. simple- monosaccharide: glucose, fructose, galactose
disaccharide: sucrose= glucose = fructose (table sugar

2. complex- more thn 2 molecules of CHO- Polysaccharides: branched chain, starch (plants and animals, glycogen) and cellulose (fiber)

Front 9

subclassifications of lipids

Back 9

1. simple
- saturated: single bonds between carbon atoms. animal products, egg yolk, dairy
2. compound
-used for making anatomical structures, phosphoolipids
3.derived- (these are our hormones) used in regulation of bodily functions
- steriods
- prostaglandins

Front 10

sublassifications of proteins

Back 10

1. Primary- unique amino acid sequence (ever protein has one)
2. Secondary- fibrous proteins (rope-like), used for building anatomical/structural components (collagen, keratin, elastin, actin, myosin)
3. Tertiary- globular proteins (have an active site), used for controlling the physiology/function (enzymes, antibodies, albmin)
4. Quaternary- bonding between globular or fibrous proteins (hemoglobin, 4 amino acid chains)

Front 11

subclassifications of nucleic acids

Back 11

DNA and RNA

Front 12

function of carbohydrates

Back 12

1. ENERGY SOURCE
2. protein sparing
3. Metabolic Primer
4. Ruel for the Central Nervous System
5. Minor Role in Cell Structure

Front 13

function of lipids

Back 13

1. Energy source- fat is ideal energy source bc eachmolecule carries large quantitieisfor energy per unit weight and easily converted to energy
2. spare proteins
3. protection
4. insulation for body/organs
5. vitamin carriers
6. hunger depressant
7. major role in cell structure

Front 14

functions of proteins

Back 14

1. cell structure and function
2. regulate body functions
3. energy source

Front 15

function of nucleic acids

Back 15

criticala in the genetic regulation of the species or organism

Front 16

function of vitamins

Back 16

act as co-enzymes in metabloic reactions

Front 17

function of minerals

Back 17

make bones strong

Front 18

define nitrogen and indicate possible causees of positive and negative nitrogen balance

Back 18

homeostatic state is relected in the body's NITROGEN BALANCE.
positive- amount of protein being incorporated into tissue is greater than the amount being broken down and used for energy, ex. growing children, pregnant women, illness
negative- protein breakdown for energy exceeds the amount of protein being incorporated into tissues, ex. physical and emotional stress