Anatomy Final- Nasal Cavity

Front 1

what is the name of the area deep to the zygomatic arch that is btwn the facial and cranial skeleton, anterior to EAM

Back 1

pterygopalatine fossa

Front 2

what are the boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa?
1. roof
2. Anterior
3. Posterolateral
4. Medial

Back 2

1. Roof: greater wing of sphenoid
2. Anterior: maxilla
3. Posteriolateral: pterygoid process of sphenoid
4. Medial: vertical plate of palatine bone

Front 3

What are the 3 'openings' into the pterygopalatine fossa

Back 3

1. pterygomaxillary fissure: maxillary A

2. Foramen Rotundum: maxillary N (CN V2)

3. Pterygoid canal: N/A of pterygoid canal

Front 4

what passes through the pterygomaxillary fissure

Back 4

the 3rd part (pterygopalatine) part of the maxillary A

**its the lateral opening, "main opening"

Front 5

what passes through the foramen rotundum, where it is in relation to the ptergopalatine fossa

Back 5

Maxillary N (CN V2)

*what wall is the foramen rotundum in????????????????????????????????/

Front 6

what are the three "exits" of the pterogopalatine fossa

Back 6

1. Sphenopalatine foramen
2. Inferior Orbital Fissure/Infraorbital groove,canal
3. Greater/Lesser palatine foramen:

Front 7

where is the Sphenopalatine Foramen

Back 7

medial wall (vertical plate of palatine bone)

**connects ptergopalatine fossa and nasal cavity

Front 8

where is the pterygoid canal

Back 8

inferior to foramne rotundum

Front 9

what wall are the greater/lesser palatine foramina? where do they open into

Back 9

Greater: anterior to lesser
Lesser: post

*both are in the posterolateral portion of the palate

**supply the hard/soft palate

Front 10

how to structures pass btwn the ptergopalatine fossa and the orbit/upper teeth/fact

Back 10

infraorbital fissure
infraprbital groove/canal

*in the maxillia

Front 11

Name all 6 holes in the pterygopalatine fossa

Back 11

1. Pterygomaxillary fissure: Max A
2. Foramen Rotundum: V2
3. Pterygoid Canal: N of ptergoid canal
4. Sphenopalatine Foramen:
5. Inferior Orbital Fissure
6. Greater/Lesser Palatine Foramen

Front 12

Trace the path/branches of Maxillary N in the ptergopalatine Fossa. What type of fibers are carried

Back 12

SA: pain, touch Temp
V2 enters via foramen rotundum and gives off branches
1. Zygomatic N --> zygomaticofacial + zygomaticotemporal

2. Infraorbital N

3. Post/Mid/Ant Superior Alveolar N

**sensory info is 'leaving' pterygopalatine foramen on V2, Foramen Rotundum is an "exit"

Front 13

what is the cutaneous innervation of V2

Back 13

from inferior border of eye to top lip, runs along nose groove

**infraorbita;
**zygomaticofacial
**zygomataticotemporal

**dont forget, internally there are also superior alveolar N

Front 14

Innervation of hte Nasal Cavity

1. Septum
2. Lateral Wall
3. Palate

**All are branches of________ so they carry ___

Back 14

1. Septum: Nasopalatine N
2. Lateral Wall: Post/Lateral Branches of Nasopalatine N
3. Palate: Greater Palatine N hard, Lesser Palatine N Soft

**ALL brancehs of V2, SA, Sensory

Front 15

What does the Nasopalatine N supply

Back 15

nasal septum

**branch of V2, SA

Front 16

Name all 6 holes in the pterygopalatine fossa

Back 16

1. Pterygomaxillary fissure: Max A
2. Foramen Rotundum: V2
3. Pterygoid Canal: N of ptergoid canal
4. Sphenopalatine Foramen:
5. Inferior Orbital Fissure
6. Greater/Lesser Palatine Foramen

Front 17

Trace the path/branches of Maxillary N in the ptergopalatine Fossa. What type of fibers are carried

Back 17

SA: pain, touch Temp
V2 enters via foramen rotundum and gives off branches
1. Zygomatic N --> zygomaticofacial + zygomaticotemporal

2. Infraorbital N

3. Post/Mid/Ant Superior Alveolar N

**sensory info is 'leaving' pterygopalatine foramen on V2, Foramen Rotundum is an "exit"

Front 18

what is the cutaneous innervation of V2

Back 18

from inferior border of eye to top lip, runs along nose groove

**infraorbita;
**zygomaticofacial
**zygomataticotemporal

**dont forget, internally there are also superior alveolar N

Front 19

Innervation of hte Nasal Cavity

1. Septum
2. Lateral Wall
3. Palate

**All are branches of________ so they carry ___

Back 19

1. Septum: Nasopalatine N
2. Lateral Wall: Post/Lateral Branches of Nasopalatine N
3. Palate: Greater Palatine N hard, Lesser Palatine N Soft

**ALL brancehs of V2, SA, Sensory

Front 20

What does the Nasopalatine N supply

Back 20

nasal septum

**branch of V2, SA

Front 21

what do the posterior lateral branches of the nasopalatine N supply

**this is a branch of ___ so it provides ____-

Back 21

Lateral Wall of nose, on the concha

**branchs of V2, SA

Front 22

What does hte Greater/lesser Palatine N supply

**what are they branches of?

Back 22

Greater: Hard palate
Lesser: soft Palate

**From V2, SA

Front 23

is the pterygopalatine ganglion symp or parasymp? what type of cell bodies? where is it?

Back 23

para

**so it has post gang cell bodies

**it hangs from V2

Front 24

what are the 2 rules of Autonomics

Back 24

1. 2 neuron path
2. PNS originate in Cranio/Sacral. SNS originate in thoracic region

Front 25

what is the path from brainstem to ptergopalatine gang for VE

Back 25

Brainstem --> runs with VII --> geniculate gang --> greater petrosal --> joins with deep to become N of ptergoid canal --> synapse in pterygopalatine gang

**the post gang para have 2 dif paths to lacrimal

1. Historic: pterygopalatine gang --> maxillary n --> zygomatic branch --> common branch --> lacrimal(CN V1)

2. Modern: ptergoid gang --> retro-orbital plexus --> lacrimal gland

Front 26

what is the pre/post gang SYMP path

Back 26

Pregang:
Cell bodies in T1-L4, ascend the chain and synapse in Superior Cervical Gang

Post Gang:
from sup cervical gang --> course with carotid a --> deep petrosal --> n of pertygoid canal --> ptergopalatine gang (NO synapse) -->

Front 27

what fibers are on...
1. great petrosal n
2. Deep petrosal n
3. N of pterygoid canal

Back 27

1. Great Petrosal: pregang para
2. Deep petrosal: post gang symp
3. N of pterygoid canal: pregang para, post gang symp

Front 28

what are the three main terminal branches of maxilary a

Back 28

1. Sphenopalatine: nasal cavity/septum
2. Infraorbital:
3. Superior Alveolar: upper teeth

Front 29

what does hte sphenopalatine a supply? what is it a branch of

Back 29

the septum and nasal cavity, the anterior portion of palate

Front 30

what is the blood suply of the palate

Back 30

ant: sphenopalatine through

post: greater (hard) and lesser (soft) from descending palatine a (through foramen)

Front 31

how is the pterygopalatine fossa drained/

Back 31

pterygoid canal into maxillary and retromandibular

**retromandibular formed from maxillary and superficial temporal

Front 32

name the structures of the external nose from sup to inf

Back 32

root
dorsum
apex
nares
alae
septum

Front 33

name that cart of the nose

1. bridge
2. nostril
3. middle

Back 33

1. brigde: lateral cart
2. nostril: alar cart
3. middle: septal cart

Front 34

name that bone.. of the nose

superior to inferior

Back 34

1. Frontal: nasal portion and nasal spine

2. Nasal Bone (at root)

3. Maxilla: frontal processes

Front 35

what 3 bones make up the nasal skeleton of the septum

Back 35

1. vomer (most anterior)
2. perpendicular plate of ethmoid (upper)
3. Septal Cart (post)

Front 36

what bones make up the nasal skeleton of the lateral wall

Back 36

1. palatine process of maxilla
2. horizontal plate of palatine
3. frontal process of maxilla
4. ethmoid (cribiform plate is top)
5. palatine

**superior middle and inferior nasal concha

Front 37

what is the palatine process of the maxilla? what else make up the palate

Back 37

its the anterior part of the palate

**the horizontal plate of the palatine bone makes up the post palalte


**palatine process of maxilla
**horizontal plate of palatine

Front 38

what are the concha called when they are covered in mucousa

Back 38

turbinate

Front 39

what is the mucus covered salpingopharyngeal fold called

Back 39

torus tubarius

Front 40

what is the superior most recess inthe lateral nasal wall called?

Back 40

sphenoethmoidal recess, it is superior to the superior concha

Front 41

what meatus is btwn the middle and infereior concha

Back 41

middle meatus

Front 42

btwn what two concha is the superior meatus

Back 42

superior and middle

Front 43

what isthe recess inferior to the inferior concha called

Back 43

inferior meatus

Front 44

where is the ethmoidal bulla

what is the concha it is related to and how so?

Back 44

on the lateral nasal cavity inferior to the middle nasal concha

Front 45

what is the superior opening to the frontal sinus called?

Back 45

infundibulium

**infundibuilim is the opening into the frontonasal duct which opens to the frontal sinus

Front 46

what is the semilunar hiatus

Back 46

the semilunar hiatus is an area in the lateral nasal wall inferior to the middle concha

**its the general opening of the nasofrontal duct.

Semilunar hiatus --> infundibulum --> nasofontal duct --> frontal sinus

Front 47

where is the opening to the nasolacrimal duct

Back 47

inferior to the inferior concha, in the inferior meatus

Front 48

nares vs vensibule

Back 48

nares external
venstibule internal

Front 49

where isthe nasal antrum
where is teh nasal coane

Back 49

where you put your finger
where you cant put your finger, area in the nasopharynx

**both are "spaces"

Front 50

why does your nose run when you cry

Back 50

nasolacrimal duct opens inferior to inf concha

Front 51

what is mucoperiosteum, where is it

Back 51

it is tightly associated with the bone in the nasal cavity, lines entire nasal surface except vestibule

Front 52

where is the opening to maxillary sinus

Back 52

in semilunar hiatus

**inferieor to middle concha

Front 53

what is the semilunar hiatus, infundibulium, nasofrontal duct, frintal sinus, middle meatus relationship

Back 53

???????????

Front 54

is nasal mucosa thick or thin in resting conditions? what about an athlete, what about w/infection

Back 54

thick resting
thinner athlete

super thick.swollen in infection

Front 55

name 4 things the nasal mucosa does? (mucoperiosteum)

Back 55

1. humidificaiton
2. smell
3. cleansing
4. thermoregulation

Front 56

where does CSF rhinorrea come from? what is normal rhinorrea

Back 56

CSF from broken cribiform plate (top part of nasal cavity, in ethmoid bone)

rhinorrea: dischaarge from mucous membrane

Front 57

what is rhinitis, where can it spread (5)

Back 57

inflammation of nasal mucosa

1. ant cranial fossa
2. nasopharynx, retropharyngeal soft tissue
3. middle ear
4. paranasal sinus
5. lacrimal apparatus/conjunctive

Front 58

what are paranasal air sinuses

Back 58

airfilled growths of nasal cavity into skull

frontal
maxillary
ethmoid: on either side of nose near eye
sphenoid: behind the nose, deep to sella turcisa

Front 59

what sinuses are you born with? are they full size

Back 59

ethmoidal, maxillary, sphenoid
Minnsig Frontal

*very small, sinuses are outgrowhts of nasal cavity, babies dont have room for that

Front 60

name 3 non sinus openings into the nose

Back 60

1. nasolacrimal duct
2. nares
3. coane

Front 61

what are the openings from sinus to nasal cavity

Back 61

sphenoid sinus: sphenoethmoidal recess post into sinus
frontal sinus: from anterior cribiform into frontal
Maxillary: big distinct opening inferior to bulla in middle meatus

To ethmoidal sinus:
* post air cells: in sphenoethmoidal recess
* middle air cells: on bulla
* ant air cells: in semilunar meatus

Front 62

what is the most commonly infected sinus? where might pain refer

Back 62

maxillary
teeth, sup alveolar N

Front 63

what is in danger with ethmoid sinus infection? what is this called

Back 63

optic N. it is post to the thin ethmoid bone

*optic neuritis

Front 64

nasal blood supply

From Maxillary:
From opthalmic a
From Facial

Back 64

Maxillary: sphenopalatine, greater palatine

Opthalmic: ant/post ethmoidal a

Facial: Nasal

Front 65

where does the sphenopalatine a supply, l

Back 65

lateral wall
inferior/post medial septum

Front 66

where does the greater palatine supply

Back 66

palate, branch of maxillary

Front 67

what nasal branches come off of the external carotid? internal?

Back 67

external:
maxillary- sphenopalatine, greater palatine
Facial: nasal branches

Internal:
opthalmic a: ant/post ethmoidal branches

Front 68

what supplies the anterior/superior part of nasal septum

Back 68

ant/post ethmoidal a from opthalmic a

Front 69

what is epitaxis

what happens if there is profuse bleeding?

what about a little bleeding

Back 69

nose bleed

Perfuse:kesselbach, anastamoses on septum, arterial

Drip: veins in vestibule

Front 70

wht does the nasal venous plexus aid in

Back 70

thermoregulation

Front 71

how does the venous driangae in the nasal cavity work (three things it drains to)

Back 71

1. opthalmic vein (to cavernous sinus)

2. Sphenopalatine v to maxillary v

3. facial vein

Front 72

in the nose are veins or arteries more superficial

Back 72

veins

**slow drip from vestibule, epitaxis of venous blow

**arterial bleed is deeper and is spurting! from septum, kesselbachs

Front 73

where does the nose drain to (lymph)

Back 73

vastibule to submandib

rest of nasal cavity: superior cervical

Front 74

what ist he SA innervation of the nose

Back 74

V1: top of nose, dorsum, apex.
- anterior ethmoidal n to anterosuperior portion (lateral and medial)

V2: more posterior inside parts
- Nasopalatine: septum
- post lateral branches: lateral wall
- infraorbital N: vestibule

Front 75

what N gives VA to nose

Back 75

CN I olfactory

**cell bodies in olfactory epithelium

Front 76

where is the olfactory mucosa

Back 76

where you smell from,

superior just beloow cribiform plate on lateral wall and septum

Front 77

so the cell bodies for olfaction are...

Back 77

in olfactory epithelium, from here they pass through olfactory foramina in the cribiform plate and synapse in olfactory bulb

Front 78

what is anosomia

Back 78

loss of smell

*happens as you get older, "loose taste"

*usually unilateral
*can be due to a tumor putting pressure on cribiform plate or a skull fracture

**just remember the relationship of cribiform plate of ethmoid and the olfactory N