Anatomy Final Le

Front 1

what is the most common type of hip dislocation?

Back 1

posterior. 90%

Front 2

a common syndrome in runners and cyclists that results in an abrasion between the iliotibial band and lateral femoral condyle

Back 2

IT band friction syndrome

Front 3

a sudden, sharp pain in the back of the thigh that stops the runner in mid-stride is probably what type of injury?

Back 3

hamstring injury

Front 4

what are the two bundles of the ACL?

Back 4

1.the anteromedial bundle (tight in flexion)
2. the posterior bundle is tight in extention

Front 5

what movement does the ACL prevent?

Back 5

anteriortranslation of the tibia.

Front 6

what movement does the PCL prevent?

Back 6

posterior translation of the tibia

Front 7

what are the two bundles that make up the PCL?

Back 7

1. anteriolateral bundle that is tight in flexion
2.posteromedial bundle that is tight in extention

Front 8

what movement does the MCL prevent?

Back 8

valgus angulation of the knee

Front 9

what movement of the knee does the LCL prevent?

Back 9

varus angulation

Front 10

what are the crescent shaped fibrocartilagenous structures that are triangular in cross section, that deepen the articular surface of the tibial plateau and provide stability and lubrication?

Back 10

the menisci of the knee

Front 11

what is the MC injury to the knee that requires sx?

Back 11

meniscal tear

Front 12

medial meniscal tears occur 3x more frequently than lateral meniscal tears

Back 12

true

Front 13

what causes the "popping knee" syndrome upon extention of the knee?

Back 13

a congenitally round (discoid) lateral meniscus that does not acquire its normal semilunar shape

Front 14

what ligament of the knee is commonly sprained upon twisting of the knee while foot is firmly planted on ground

Back 14

ACL. patient hears a pop and feels a tear and acute pain in the knee.

Front 15

define the unhappy triad?

Back 15

this is the term given to an injury where the ACL, MCL and Medial Meniscus are torn. usually from a lateral blow to the knee with the foot fixed.

Front 16

what two tests that if positive indicate an ACL tear?

Back 16

lachman's, anterior drawer

Front 17

patient presents with a positive tenderness along the patella tendon?

Back 17

patella tendinitis. usually in basketball/volleyball players. aka "jumper's knee"

Front 18

what is osgood-schlatters disease?

Back 18

inflamm. of the bone and cartilage at the tibial tubercle. this causes excessive pulling of the patellar tendon at the attachment on the top of the tibia. occurs mostly in adolescents where the blood supply to the growing bone cannot keep pace with the stresses placed on it.

Front 19

30 y/o male cannot actively extend knee. on xray you see + patella alta. what has most likely occurred?

Back 19

patella tendon rupture

Front 20

degeneration of cartilage under the surface of the patella, usually causes pain with ascending/descending stairs, running downhill etc.

Back 20

patella femoral syndrome/ chondromalacia patella or "runner's Knee"

Front 21

what do you need to rule out if you suspect that a patient has "housemaid's knee"

Back 21

infection and gout

Front 22

what are some conditions that can cause sudden swelling (effusion) of the joint?

Back 22

haemarthrosis, gout, RA, septic arthritis

Front 23

what is the most common mass in the popliteal fossa that results from fluid distension of the gastrocnemio-semimembranousus bursa?

Back 23

Baker cyst or popliteal cyst

Front 24

what is the most common peripheral artery aneurysm comprising 70-85% of the total peripheral aneurysms in the periphery?

Back 24

popliteal artery

Front 25

MC cause of shin splints? a general name given to pain at the front of the lower leg.

Back 25

inflammation of the periostium of the tibia

Front 26

a visible surface manifestation of an underlying syndrome of venous insufficiency that forces venous blood to escape from its normal flow path and flow retrograde down into a congested leg

Back 26

vericose veins and telangiectasia

Front 27

what is the leading cause of preventable nosocomial mortality in the U.S.?

Back 27

DVT and its sequela, pulmonary embolism

Front 28

what is virchow's triad?

Back 28

indicitive for DVT and thus for PE; including 1. venous stasis
2. hypercoaguability
3. vessel intimal injury

Front 29

what indicates a positive homans sign?

Back 29

pain/discomfort on dorsiflexion of the foot.

Front 30

what is the most specific symptom of DVT?

Back 30

edema. principally unilateral.

Front 31

what is the well's criteria used for?

Back 31

probability of a DVT

Front 32

A d-DIMER assay should only be used to rule out DVT, not to confirm it. T/F

Back 32

true. they have a low specificity for DVT.

Front 33

what is the most sensitive and specific test to diagnose DVT?

Back 33

duplex ultrasonography. 0verall 95% specific

Front 34

what is the most common injury of the ankle?

Back 34

sprain

Front 35

what is the most commonly sprained ligament of the ankle?

Back 35

the anterior talofibular lig

Front 36

name the 3 MC ligaments of the ankle sprained, in order.

Back 36

1.anterior talofibular
2.posterior talofibular
3.calcaneofibular lig

Front 37

what constitutes a bimalleolar fx?

Back 37

both medial and lateral disruption

Front 38

fracture of the proximal fibula with syndesmosis rupture and associated with medial malleolus fx or deltoid lig. rupture

Back 38

maisonneuve fx.

Front 39

a fracture produced primarily by rotational force, an "explosion fracture" produced by axial loading?

Back 39

tibial pilon fx

Front 40

a pain that is often worse following activity (rather than during), and is often a palpable thickening over tendon tissues. pain is increased by running and decreased by rest is most likely?

Back 40

achilles tendinitis

Front 41

this injury occurs most commonly at the narrowest portion of tendon, approx. 2 inches to point of attachment to calcaneus. MOI usually forceful dorsiflexion with ankle in relaxed state

Back 41

achilles tendon rupture

Front 42

what is the #1 MC foot problem?

Back 42

plantar fasciitis. repeated overstretching of the plantar fascia ligament.

Front 43

plantar flexion deformity of the PIP joint which is either flexible or rigid. usually accompanied by a flexion deformity of the DIP.

Back 43

hammer toe deformity

Front 44

what is the most common injury of the ankle?

Back 44

sprain

Front 45

what is the most commonly sprained ligament of the ankle?

Back 45

the anterior talofibular lig

Front 46

name the 3 MC ligaments of the ankle sprained, in order.

Back 46

1.anterior talofibular
2.posterior talofibular
3.calcaneofibular lig

Front 47

what constitutes a bimalleolar fx?

Back 47

both medial and lateral disruption

Front 48

fracture of the proximal fibula with syndesmosis rupture and associated with medial malleolus fx or deltoid lig. rupture

Back 48

maisonneuve fx.