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131 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Movements of the Shoulder Girdle
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Elevation/Depression
Upward Rotation/Downward Rotation Protraction/Retraction |
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Upward Rotation of shoulder girdle
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glenoid fossa faces upward - bring arm up
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Downward rotation of shoulder girldel
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return from upward rotation - bringing arm back down
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Protraction
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scapula slides foward - slouching
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Retraction
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squeezing scapulae together- military stance
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Bones of the shoulder girdle
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scapula
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Bones of the shoulder joint
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humerus
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Action of Upper Trapezius
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Elevates scapula & rotates scapula
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Action of lower trapezius
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Depresses and rotates scapula
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Action of middle trapezius
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retracts scapula
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Levatator Scapulae
- o/i - action |
O: c1-c4 transvers processes
I: vetebral border of scapula above spin of scapula Action: elevates and rotates scapula |
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Rhomboid Minor & Major
-o/i - action |
O: C7-T5 spinous processes
I: vetebral border of scapula Action: Retraction and rotation of scapula |
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Pectoralis Minor
o/i action |
O: Anterior 3-5 ribs near costal cartilages
I: coracoid process of scapula Action: move scapula forward and downward |
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Serratus Anterior
o/i action |
O: outer surface of first 9 ribs
I: vetebral border of scapula Action: abducts scapula and upward rotation, holds scapula against thoracic wall |
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Movements of shoulder joint
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Flexion/extention
abbduction/adduction external/internal rotation horizontal adduction/abduction |
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Action of Anterior Deltoid
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flexion and internal rotation of arm
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Action of middle deltoid
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abducts arm
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action of posterior deltoid
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extension and external rotation of arm
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pectoralis major
o/i action |
O: clavicular head: medial half of clavicle
sternal head: sternum, cartilages of first 6 ribs I: bicipital groove of humerus Action: adduction and internal rotation of arm |
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Action on coracobrachialis
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flexion and adduction of arm
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Biceps brachii
o/i action |
O: long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
short head: coracoid process of scapula I: radial tuberosity Action: flexion of shoulder, flexion and supination of forearm |
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triceps Brachii
o/i action |
O:
long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula lateral head: lower half of posterior humerus medial head: upper half of posterior humerus I: olecranon process of unla Action: extension of shoulder and arm |
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Action of latissimus Dorsi
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extension, adduction and internal rotation of arm, draws shoulder downward and backward
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Teres major
O/i action |
O: inferior angle of scapula
I: medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus Action: adduction and internal rotation of arm |
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Supraspinatus
o/i action |
O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus Action: initiates arm abduction |
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Infraspinatus
o/i action |
O: infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus Action: external rotation of arm |
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Tere minor
o/i action |
O: upper axillary border of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus Action: external rotation of arm, adduction |
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Subscapularis
O/i action |
O: Subscapular fossa of scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus Action: medial rotation of humerus |
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Rotator cuff muscles
(SITS muscles) |
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis |
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Movements of the Elbow complex
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fextion/extention
pronation/supination |
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Brachioradialis
o/i action |
O: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: styloid process of radius Action: elbow flexion |
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Brachialis
o/i action |
O: lower half of anterior shaft of humerus
I: coronoid process of ulna Action: elbow flexion |
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Pronator Teres
o/i action |
O:
Humeral head: medial epicondyle and Medial supracondylar ridge Ulnar Head: coronoid process of unla I: middle shaft of radius Action: pronation of forearm, flextion |
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Anconeus
o/i action |
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: olecranon process of ulna Action: elbow extension |
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Action of supinator
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Supination of forearm
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Pronator Quadtratus
o/i action |
O: distal fourth of anterior ulna
I: distal fourth of anterior readius Action: pronation |
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Movements of the wrist
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flextion/extension
redial deviation - out unlar deviation - in |
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flexor carpi radialis
o/i action |
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals Action: flextion, Radial deviation |
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flexor carpi unlaris
o/i action |
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: pisiform, hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal Action: felxion, ulnar deviation |
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Palmaris longus
o/i action |
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: palmar aponeurosis Action: Flexion * not everyone has it * |
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Action of flecor digitorum superficialis
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flexes fingers
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action of flexor digitorum profundus
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flexes finger
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action of flexor pollicis longus
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flexes thumb
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extensor carpi radialis brevis
o/i action |
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 2nd metacarpal Action: extension, radial deviation |
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Extensor carpi radialis brevis
o/i action |
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 3rd metacarpal Action: wrist extension, radial deviation |
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extensor carpi unlaris
o/i action |
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 5th metacarpal Action: wrist extention, radial deviation |
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action of extensor digitorum
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extends fingers
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action of extensor pollicis longus
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extends thumb
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action of extensor pollicis brevis
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extends thumb
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Action of abductor pollicis longus
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abduction of thumb
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action of abductor pollicis brevis
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abducts thumb
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action or adductor pollicis
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adducts thumb
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action of opponens pollicis
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opposes thumb
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action of dorsal interossei
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abduction of fingers
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action of palmar interossei
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adduction of fingers
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Brachial radialis
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beverage drinking muscle
- resistance in neutral position |
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bones of the pelvis
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Ilium (2)
Ischium (2) Pubis (2) |
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where is the iliac crest located
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very top of ilium
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the ASAS, AIIS, PSIS, PIIS are locate on what bone
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Ilium
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Where is the greater sciatic notch located
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illium
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where is the lesser sciatic notch located
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ischium
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where is the ischial tuberosity and ischial spine located
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ischium
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where is the acetabulum located
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lateral side of the pelvis - where femur articulates
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Sacroiliac joint
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sacrum and ilium
- not freely moveable |
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symphysis pubis
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junction btwn 2 pubic bones
- absorb shock and allow slight movement |
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lumbrosacral
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junction btwn 5th lumbar vertebra and the sacrum
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where is the fovea capitis located
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head of femur
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iliofemoral ligament
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longest, strongest, widest
- restricts hyperextension of the hip and helps maintain erect posture |
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ischiofemoral ligament
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circular course of fibers
- set the head of femur deeper in the acetabulum |
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pubofemoral ligament
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prevents excess abduction of hip and help in preventing hyperextension
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ligamentum teres
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provides blood supply to femoral head
if dislocated, avascular necrosis occurs - no supply to femoral head |
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where is the lateral malleolus located
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fibula
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where is the medial malleolus located
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tibia
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bones of knee complex
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femur, tibia, patella
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true knee joint
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tibiofemoral joint - hinge
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patellofemoral joing
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patella and femur - gliding joint
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Collateral ligaments of the knee
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MCL
LCL - along sides to prevent frontal movement |
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Cruciate ligaments of the knee
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ACL (more women tear)
PCL - cross to prevent sagittal movement |
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cartilage of knee
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menisci
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functions of menisci
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absorb shock
cushion for weight bearing stabilization |
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what are the 7 tarsals of the foot
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calcaneus - heel
talus - on top or calcaneus navicular - medial cuboid- lateral 1-3 cuneiform (medial - lateral) |
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where is the trochlea located
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talus
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where is the sustentaculum tali located
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calcaneus
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where is the styloid process located on the foot
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5th metatarsal
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Talocrural joint (ankel joint)
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2 articulations
1. tibia and talus 2. fibula and talus - plantarflexion & dorsiflexion |
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subtalr joing
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talus and calcaneu
- inversion and eversion |
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midtarsal joint
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2 articulations
1. calcaneocuboid 2. talonavicular |
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tarsometatarsal joint
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nonaxial joints between the tarsals and metatarsals
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metatarsophalangeal joints
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condyloid joints betwn metatarsals and toes
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interphalangeal joints
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joints between the phalanges
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longitudinal arch (front to back)
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medial: proximal calcaneus and distal first 3 metatarsals
lateral: calcaneus, cuboid and 4th and 5th metatarsals |
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transvers arch (side to side)
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distal calcaneus, navicular, cuboid and proximal 5 metatarsals running from medial to lateral
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medial ligaments of the ankle
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deltoid ligament
spring ligament |
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lateral ligaments of the ankle
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ATF
CF PTF |
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external hip rotators
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piriformis
gemellus superior gemellus inferior obturator internus obturator externus quadratis femoris |
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gluteus maximus
o/i action |
O: sacrum, iliac crest, coccyx
I: gluteal tuberosity of femur action: extension of external rotation |
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gluteus medius and minimus
o/i action |
O: outer surface of ilium
I: great trochanter of femur Action: abduction and internal rotation |
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Hamstring muscles
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biceps femoris
semitendinosus semimembranosus |
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Biceps femoris
o/i action |
O:
long head: ischial tuberosity short head: linea aspera I: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia Action: extension |
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Semitendinosus
o/i actions: |
O: ischial tuberosity
I: pes anserine action: extension |
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Semimebranosus
o/i action |
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle of tibia Action: extension |
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action of iliopsoas
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flexion, external rotation, abduction
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2 muscles of iliopsoas
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psoas major and iliacus
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tensor fasciae latae
o/i action |
O: iliac crest
I: iliotibial tract Action: prevents collapse of knee |
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Sartorius
o/i |
O: ASIS
I: pes anserine * longest in body Latin for taylor's position |
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Rectus femoris
o/i action |
O: AIIS
I: patella and via patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity Action: flection * kicking muscle |
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action of pectineus
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flexion
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adductor longus
o/i action |
O: body of pubis
I: linea aspera of femur Action: adduction |
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Action of adductor longus
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adduction
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action of adductor magnus
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adduction and hip flexion and extension
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Action of adductor brevis
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adduction
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action of gracilis
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adduction
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pes anserine muscles
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gracilis, satorius, and semitendinosus
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Gastrocnemius (calf muscles)
o/i action |
O:
Lateral Head: lateral epicondyle of femur Medial Head: medial epicondyle of femur I: posterior calcaneus via achilles tendon Action: flexion, plantarflexion |
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Plantaris
O/i |
O: lateral epicondyle of femur
I: posterior calcaneus * very small with very long tendon |
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Popliteus
O/i action |
O: lateral condyle of femur
I: posterior proximal tibial shaft Action: initiate knee flexion by medial rotation of tibia to unlock the extended knee |
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Vastus Lateralis
o/i action |
O: linea aspera and greater trochanter
I: patella via patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity Action: extension * greatest ability for growth |
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Vastus intermedius
o/i action |
O: upper 2/3 of anterior femur
I: patella via patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity Action: extension |
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Vastus Medialis
O/i action |
O: Linea aspera
I: patella via patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity Action: extension |
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Quadratus femoris muscles
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Rectus femoris
vastus lateralis vastus intermedius vastus medialis |
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Soleus
o/i action |
O: soleal line of tibia and posterior of fibula
I: calcaneus via achilles tendon Action: plantarflexion |
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Tibialis anterior
o/i action |
O: lateral condyle and upper half of lateral shaft of tibia
I: 1st metatarsal, 1st cuneiform Action: dorsiflexion, inversion |
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action of hallucis longus
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flexion of great toe
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action of flexor digitorum longus
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flexes all toes but great one
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action of extensor digitorum longus
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extends all toes but great one
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action of extensor hallucis longus
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extends great toe
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Tibialis posterior
o/i action |
O: posterior tibia and fibula
I: navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms, and 2-4 metatarsals Action: inversion |
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Peroneus longus
o/i action |
O: upper 2/3 of fibula
I: 1st metatarsal and 1st cuneiform Action: eversion |
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Peroneus Brevis
o/i action |
O: lateral shaft okf fibula
I: bast of 5th metatarsals Action: eversion |
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Peroneus tertius
o/i action |
O: lower 1/3 of fibula
I: base of 5th metatarsal Action: eversion |
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what 3 heads make up the Triceps Surae and what is the common insertion site
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2 heads of gastrocnemius
1 head of soleus - posterior calcaneus via achilles tendon |
