Anatomy Final

Front 1

the pineal gland secretes

Back 1

glucagon

Front 2

what hormone is responsible for programming T lymphocytes?

Back 2

thymosin

Front 3

the posterior pituitary gland secretes

Back 3

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

Front 4

the anterior pituitary gland secretes

Back 4

growth hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone (e-all are secreted by the anterior pituitary)

Front 5

the hormone that is considered the basal metabolic hormone is

Back 5

thyroxine

Front 6

the thyroid gland secretes

Back 6

thyroxine and calcitonin

Front 7

the thymus gland secretes

Back 7

thymosin

Front 8

which hormone is the most important hormone regulating the amount of calcium circulating in the blood?

Back 8

parathyroid hormone

Front 9

the pancreas secretes

Back 9

insulin and glucagon

Front 10

the ovary secretes

Back 10

progesterone and estrogen

Front 11

the ovary secretes

Back 11

progesterone and estrogen

Front 12

this hormone is necessary for glucose to be taken up by body cells

Back 12

insulin and glucagon

Front 13

what hormone is a short term stress hormone?

Back 13

epinephrine

Front 14

the testes secretes

Back 14

testosterone

Front 15

the ovary secretes

Back 15

progesterone and estrogen

Front 16

this hormone is necessary for glucose to be taken up by body cells

Back 16

insulin and glucagon

Front 17

which hormone is a short term stress hormone?

Back 17

epinephrine

Front 18

the testes secretes

Back 18

testosterone

Front 19

the parathyroid gland secretes

Back 19

parathyroid hormone

Front 20

abnormal hairiness, masculinization
(what is produced in excessive amounts?)

Back 20

testosterone

Front 21

abnormally small stature, normal proportions
(what is produced in inadequate amounts?)

Back 21

growth hormones

Front 22

bulging eyeballs, nervousness, increased pulse rate, weight loss (Graves' disease)
(what is produced in excessive amounts?)

Back 22

testosterone

Front 23

cretinism, a type of dwarfism in which the individual retains childlike proportions and is mentally retarded
what is produced in inadequate amounts?

Back 23

thyroxine

Front 24

demineralization of bone, spontaneous fractures
(what is produced in excessive amounts?)

Back 24

parathyroid

Front 25

excessive thirst, high blood glucose levels, acidosis
(what is produced in inadequate amounts?)

Back 25

insulin

Front 26

excessive urination without high blood glucose levels, caused dehydration and tremendous thirst
(what is produced in inadequate amounts?)

Back 26

antidiuretic hormone

Front 27

goiter
(what is produced in inadequate amounts?)

Back 27

thyroxine

Front 28

lantern jaw, large hands and feet (acromegaly in adults)
(what is produced in excessive amounts?)

Back 28

growth hormone

Front 29

lethargy, falling hair, low basal metabolic rate, obesity (myxedema in the adult)
(what is produced in inadequate amounts?)

Back 29

thyroxine

Front 30

tetany
(what is produced in inadequate amounts?)

Back 30

parathyroid hormone

Front 31

the adrenal medulla secretes

Back 31

epinephrine

Front 32

abnormally large stature, relatively normal body proportions
(what is produced in excessive amounts?)

Back 32

growth hormone

Front 33

adrenocorticotropic hormone
(Correct type of stimulus)

Back 33

hormonal

Front 34

parathyroid hormone
(Correct type of stimulus)

Back 34

humoral

Front 35

insulin
(Correct type of stimulus)

Back 35

humoral

Front 36

thyroxine
(Correct type of stimulus)

Back 36

hormonal

Front 37

thyroxine
(Correct type of stimulus)

Back 37

hormonal

Front 38

epinephrine
(Correct type of stimulus)

Back 38

neural

Front 39

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
(Correct type of stimulus)

Back 39

neural

Front 40

estrogen and progesterone
(Correct type of stimulus)

Back 40

hormonal

Front 41

calcitonin
(Correct type of stimulus)

Back 41

calcitonin

Front 42

The endocrine system's means of control is much ______ than that of the ______, the other major body system that acts to maintain homeostasis.

Back 42

slower and more prolonged; nervous system

Front 43

chemical messengers are called

Back 43

hormones

Front 44

only cells with the proper ________ on their cell membranes are activated by teh chemical messengers

Back 44

receptors

Front 45

most hormones are _________ molecules

Back 45

steroid or amino acid-based

Front 46

skeletal muscle isn't involved in

Back 46

propulsions of a substance through an organ and maintaining posture

Front 47

the component that releases calcium (calcium cow) during contraction

Back 47

the BARN!!!!!! aka-sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 48

in comparing sarcomeres of a relaxed skeletal muscle, which of these would appear reduced in the contracted muscle fiver?

Back 48

more than one is correct

Front 49

after attachment of acetycholine to its receptors at the neuromuscular junction, the next stop is

Back 49

transmit the action potential through the t-tubules

Front 50

detachment of the crossbridges occurs directly after

Back 50

attachment of ATP to myosin cross bridges

Front 51

the connective tissue covering that encloses several muscle fibers is called the

Back 51

perymysium

Front 52

the function of the t-tubules in muscle contraction is

Back 52

to provide a rapid means of transmission of the action potential deep into the muscle cell

Front 53

the site where a nerve impulse is transmitted to the sarcolemma is the

Back 53

neuromuscular junction

Front 54

contraction elicited by a single brief stimulus is

Back 54

a twitch

Front 55

ATP directly powers

Back 55

detachment of the myosin head to actin

Front 56

the striation of a skeletal muscle cell are produced for teh most part by

Back 56

arrangements of myofilaments

Front 57

where are the binding sites found to which cross bridges attach during muscle contraction?

Back 57

actin

Front 58

the chemical that transmits a nerve stimulus to a muscle fiber is a

Back 58

acetycholine

Front 59

while the cell is in its resting potential

Back 59

the inside of the cell is negative while the outside is positive

Front 60

a contraction in which a muscle doesn't shorten but tension increases is called

Back 60

isometric

Front 61

once Ach binds to the sarcolemma

Back 61

the Na gates open and the cell is depolarized

Front 62

an inrease in a stimulus to a muscle cell will cause

Back 62

recruitment of more molar units

Front 63

Ca can be said to be a "trigger" for muscle contraction because it causes

Back 63

binding sites on actin to be revealed

Front 64

a sarcomere is best described as

Back 64

a unit within a myofibril

Front 65

myofibrils are composed primarily of

Back 65

actin and myosin

Front 66

a muscle cramp is likely due to a lack of

Back 66

ATP

Front 67

a motor unit includes

Back 67

several muscle fibers and one motor neuron

Front 68

the all or none response means

Back 68

when a muscle fiber contracts, it contracts completely

Front 69

Rig or MORtis that occurs in skeletal muscles a few hours after death is

Back 69

excessive ATP which prevents muscle contraction

Front 70

recruitment of a small number of motor units are associated with a lot of the following except

Back 70

power

Front 71

holding up the corner of a heavy couch to vacuum under it involves

Back 71

tetanus and isometric

Front 72

if a muscle were in a state of full contraction and calcium stores were completely removed from all muscle cells in an instant, the

Back 72

muscle would relax and its ATP levels would remain high and the muscle would return to its resting state even under continuous stimulation

Front 73

which of the following would be associated with a skeletal muscle fascicle

Back 73

perimysium

Front 74

in comparing electron micrographs of a relaxed skeletal muscle and a fully contracted muscle fiber which would be seen only in the relaxed fiber

Back 74

A bands and H zones

Front 75

large white fibers

Back 75

fast twitch

Front 76

large white fibers

Back 76

fast twitch

Front 77

creates fast contractions but fatigues quickly

Back 77

fast twitch

Front 78

red fibers, smallest of the fiber types

Back 78

slow twitch

Front 79

contain abundant mitochondria and a rich blood supply with a medium power output

Back 79

intermediate twitch

Front 80

fatigue quickly

Back 80

fast twitch

Front 81

creates fast contraction and a fatigue resistant

Back 81

intermediate contraction

Front 82

largest fiber types

Back 82

fast twitch

Front 83

a sarcomere is the distance between 2 _______

Back 83

z lines

Front 84

the myosin filaments are located in the

Back 84

a band

Front 85

the thicker filaments are the _______ filaments

Back 85

myosin

Front 86

the ________ contains only the actin filaments

Back 86

I band

Front 87

actin or myosin containing structure

Back 87

myofilament

Front 88

extension of teh muscle connective tissue attaching a muscle to bone

Back 88

tendon

Front 89

plasma membrane of the muscle cell

Back 89

sarcolemma

Front 90

cylindrical organelle that has a banded appearance

Back 90

myofibril

Front 91

smallest portion of a muscle's contracting unit

Back 91

sarcomere

Front 92

cylindrical organelle that has a banded appearance

Back 92

myofibril

Front 93

in adults, blood cells are formed in

Back 93

red bone marrow

Front 94

the contracting layer of the heart is

Back 94

myocardium

Front 95

the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is

Back 95

tricuspid

Front 96

blood enters left atrium of the heart through

Back 96

pulmonary veins

Front 97

deoxygenated blood enters the heart in

Back 97

right atrium

Front 98

the period of emptying ventricles of blood is

Back 98

ventricular systole

Front 99

parts of the conduction system include all except

Back 99

coronary sinus

Front 100

what depolarizes next after SA node?

Back 100

AV node

Front 101

condition associated with plaque buildup

Back 101

atherosclerosis

Front 102

P wave of normal electrocardiogram indicates

Back 102

atrial depolarization

Front 103

which wave corresponds with ventricular systole

Back 103

QRS complex

Front 104

which occurs soon after onset of ventricular systole?

Back 104

closure of AV valves
opening of semilunar valves
pressure in ventricles increase
blood rushes into major arteries

Front 105

normal heart sounds are associated with which of teh following activities

Back 105

closure of heart valves

Front 106

blood enters which of these vessels during ventricular systole

Back 106

coronary arteries

Front 107

the term for pain associated with defficient blood delivery to heart that may be caused by artery blockage or artery spasm

Back 107

angina

Front 108

blood cells that engulf bacteria during short term infections are called

Back 108

neutrophils

Front 109

blood leaves the heart via the

Back 109

arteries

Front 110

the myocardium receives its blood supply diretly from the

Back 110

coronary arteries

Front 111

an EKG provides direct information about valve impairment

Back 111

false

Front 112

the atria receive all the blood returnign to the heart (true/false)

Back 112

true

Front 113

blood within the bpulmonary veins return to the

Back 113

left atrium

Front 114

the initial stimulus for red blood cell formation is

Back 114

decreasing O2 levels

Front 115

organs responsible for the removal of dead RBC

Back 115

liver and spleen

Front 116

discharges blood into the systemic circuit

Back 116

left ventricle

Front 117

chambers that receive oxygenated blood

Back 117

left atrium

Front 118

chambers that receive deoxygenated blood

Back 118

right atrium

Front 119

discharges blood into the pulmonary circuit

Back 119

right ventricle

Front 120

which enzymes are associated iwth the digestion of carbs?

Back 120

amylase

Front 121

which enzymes are associated with the digestion of proteins?

Back 121

pepsin

Front 122

functions of the large intestines include all of the following except

Back 122

absorption of lipids

Front 123

the gall bladder

Back 123

stores bile

Front 124

the digestive juice produce containing enzymes capable of digesting all food stuff categories is

Back 124

gastric

Front 125

the salivary glands produce an enzyme that digests

Back 125

starches

Front 126

the structure within the small intestines that increases surface area and thus aid in absorption of food are called

Back 126

villi, microvilli, picae circulares

Front 127

which enzyme is important for the absorption of vitamin B12?

Back 127

intrinsic phase

Front 128

which phase of gastric secretion is a conditioned reflex?

Back 128

cephalic phase

Front 129

which of the following stimulates the secretin of gastric juice?

Back 129

distension of stomach, aroma or sight of food, distension of small intestines

Front 130

contraction of the stomach causes

Back 130

mechanical digestion and propulsion

Front 131

the liver

Back 131

produces bile

Front 132

insulin

Back 132

lowers blood glucose levels

Front 133

glycogen

Back 133

raises blood glucose levels

Front 134

signs of diabetes mellitus

Back 134

excessive thirst, excessive urine production, excessive hunger

Front 135

starch digestion begins in the mouth when __________ is secreted

Back 135

salivary amylase

Front 136

proteins food are largely acted on in the stomach by _________

Back 136

pepsin

Front 137

a nonenzyme substance that emulsifies fats

Back 137

bile

Front 138

an indigestible substance

Back 138

cellulose

Front 139

secreted by the pancreas

Back 139

insulin

Front 140

mixes food in the mouth and initiates swallowing

Back 140

tongue

Front 141

a food chute, has no digestive or absorption role

Back 141

esophagus

Front 142

organ in which starch digestion begins

Back 142

mouth

Front 143

organ responsible for the food digestion

Back 143

small intestine

Front 144

receives pancreatic juice and bile

Back 144

duodenum

Front 145

process by which the products of digestion pass throught the gastric intestinal tract into the blood

Back 145

absorption

Front 146

process of taking food into the digestive tract

Back 146

ingestion

Front 147

sequential waves of contraction and relaxation of teh muscular layer, propelling food through the digestive tract

Back 147

peristalsis

Front 148

process by which the products of digestion pass throught the gastric intestinal tract into the blood

Back 148

absorption

Front 149

chemical and mechanical process of breaking down foodstuffs to substances that can be absorbed

Back 149

digestion

Front 150

elimination of indigestible substances from the body via the anus

Back 150

defecation

Front 151

primarily involved in water absorption and feces formation

Back 151

colon

Front 152

responsible for most food and water absorption

Back 152

small intestine

Front 153

projections of the intestinal mulcose that increasess the surface area

Back 153

villae

Front 154

folds of teh small intestine wall

Back 154

plicae circulares

Front 155

projections of the plasma membraneof a cell that increases the surface area

Back 155

villae

Front 156

folds of the small intestine wall

Back 156

plicae cirulares

Front 157

projections of teh plasma membrane of a cell that increases the cell's surface area

Back 157

microvillae

Front 158

volume changes lead to pressure changes, which lead to movement of gases to equalize pressure
true/false

Back 158

true

Front 159

Henry's law states that total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture
true/false

Back 159

false

Front 160

when diaphragm contracts, volume of thoracic cavity decreases
true/false

Back 160

true

Front 161

continuous changing and refreshing of air in sacs of lungs is called respiratory gas transport
true/false

Back 161

false

Front 162

normal quiet breathing is called tidal volume
true/false

Back 162

true

Front 163

the greater the concentration of a gas in a gas mixture, the greater its partial pressure
true/false

Back 163

true

Front 164

hyperbaric conditions occur when atmospheric pressure is increased
true/false

Back 164

true

Front 165

the process by which cells receive oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide is

Back 165

internal respiration

Front 166

pressure in bronchial tubes and alveoli is called

Back 166

intrapulmonary pressure

Front 167

which of the following determines direction of gas movement with lungs

Back 167

partial pressure gradient

Front 168

when the inspiratory muscles (diaphragm and intercostals) contract

Back 168

size of thorax increases in diameter, size of thorax increases in length, pressure in thorax decreases

Front 169

oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in lungs and through cell membranes by

Back 169

diffusion

Front 170

during inspiration, pressure in alveoli

Back 170

decreases

Front 171

oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in lungs and through cell membranes by

Back 171

diffusion

Front 172

tidal volume is air that is

Back 172

exchanged during normal breathing

Front 173

prior to inspiration, thoracic volume __________ and intrapulmonary pressure _____________

Back 173

increases, decreases

Front 174

intrapulmonary pressure is always________ intrapleural pressure

Back 174

greater than

Front 175

amount of air that enters lungs during normal inspiration is

Back 175

tidal volume

Front 176

amount of air you can still inhale after normal amount is

Back 176

internal respiratory volume

Front 177

the largest amount of air an individual can move in and out of lungs is

Back 177

vital capacity

Front 178

the largest amount of air an individual can move in and out of lungs is

Back 178

vital capacity

Front 179

which of the following has highest partial pressure of carbon doxide?

Back 179

tissue cells

Front 180

compared with inhaled air, exhaled air contains less

Back 180

oxygen

Front 181

compared with inhaled air, exhaled air contains less

Back 181

oxygen

Front 182

pressure in thorax decreases as

Back 182

lungs inflate

Front 183

continuous cycle of inspiration and expiration is known as

Back 183

pulmonary ventilation

Front 184

blood flowing from heart to capillaries around each alveolus contains large amounts of

Back 184

carbon dioxide

Front 185

repiration refers to

Back 185

transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood, movement of air in and out of lungs, gas exchange betewen blood and air in lungs

Front 186

what does the brain monitor for regulationof breathing?

Back 186

levels of carbon dioxide

Front 187

which has the highest partial pressure of oxygen?
inspired air or expired air

Back 187

inspired air

Front 188

which has the highest partial pressure of oxygen?
tissues or alveoli of lungs

Back 188

alveoli

Front 189

which has the highest partial pressure of oxygen?
blood in systemic arteries, blood in systemic veins

Back 189

blood in systemic arteries

Front 190

which has the highest partial pressure of carbon dioxide?
inspired air/expired air

Back 190

expired air

Front 191

which has the highest partial pressure of carbon dioxide?
tissues/alveoli of lungs

Back 191

tissues

Front 192

which has the highest partial pressure of carbon dioxide?
blood in systemic arteries/blood in systemic veins

Back 192

blood in systemic veins