Anatomy Final

Front 1

what is the study of many structures that make up the body and how those structures realate to eachother

Back 1

Anatomy

Front 2

study of the functions of the body's structures

Back 2

Physiology

Front 3

the state of relative stability of the body's internal environment

Back 3

Homeostasis

Front 4

superior

Back 4

tword the head

Front 5

inferior

Back 5

tword the feet

Front 6

anterior

Back 6

tword the front of the body

Front 7

posterior

Back 7

tword the back of the body

Front 8

medial

Back 8

tword the back of he body

Front 9

lateral

Back 9

Away from the midline of the body

Front 10

proximal

Back 10

tword the trunk of the body or attached appendage

Front 11

distal

Back 11

away from the trunk of the body or attached appendage

Front 12

superficial

Back 12

nearer to the surface of the body

Front 13

deep

Back 13

farther form the suface of the body

Front 14

medullary

Back 14

the inner region

Front 15

cortical

Back 15

the outer region

Front 16

order working units in the body from smallest to largest

Back 16

atoms, elements, compounds, organelles,cells, tissue, organs, organ system

Front 17

list the most commonly found elements in living things

Back 17

Hydrogen, Carbon, Phosporus, Sulfur, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Front 18

list the three organic compound and their purpose

Back 18

carbohydrate-used for chemical energy storage, Lipid-used for long'term chemical energy storage, protein-used for building material in the cell or helps important metabolic reactions
nucleic acid-stores genetic information (DNA, RNA)

Front 19

what is the cell theory

Back 19

1. All organisms are made of one or more cells
2. The cell is the smallest unit retaining the properties of life
3.Life continues by the growth and division of single cells
4. An organism as a whole can be understood through the collective activities and ineractions of its cells

Front 20

3 things all cells have in common

Back 20

Plasma membrane, Chromatin area or DNA, cytoplasm

Front 21

difference between active and passive transport

Back 21

Active-energy used, molecules move from an area of low concentration to and area of high concentration
Passive-no energy needed, Molecules move from an area of high concentratioln to an area of low concentration until equal

Front 22

define osmosis

Back 22

moviment of water through diffusion

Front 23

diffusion

Back 23

ions move through a semipermeable membrane

Front 24

dialysis

Back 24

movement of dissolved particles (solutes) in water

Front 25

isotonic solution

Back 25

solution in which dissolved substance in solution is equal

Front 26

what is a hypotonic solution

Back 26

create a low concentration of water inside cell and causes cells membrane to burst as water moves in

Front 27

what is a hypertonic solution

Back 27

creatis a high concentration of water inside cell and causes cell to shrivel

Front 28

endocytosis

Back 28

engulfing of materials inside the cell

Front 29

exocytosis

Back 29

expelling materials outside of cell

Front 30

what is cystic fibrosis

Back 30

imparment of chloride ion pump resulting in production of thick salty sweat and mucus

Front 31

nucleus

Back 31

houses genetic material

Front 32

nuclear envelope

Back 32

controls what enters or exits the nucleus

Front 33

nucleolus

Back 33

dense region of nuclear material

Front 34

cytoplasm

Back 34

gel-like substance locatoed between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Front 35

cytoskeleton

Back 35

framework of cell made of microtubules

Front 36

lysosome

Back 36

double membrane organelle filled with digestive enzymes

Front 37

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 37

network of connecting sacs and canals through which organic compouds are stored

Front 38

rough er

Back 38

protein

Front 39

smooth er

Back 39

carbs and lipids

Front 40

ribosomes

Back 40

tiny particles that assemble proteins that can be found in the cytoplasm or rough er

Front 41

vesicle

Back 41

fluid filled sacs that transport material

Front 42

Golgi apparatus

Back 42

tiny, flattened sacs stacked upon eachother that package, and modify materlas sent from the er

Front 43

vacuole

Back 43

fluid filled membrane sacs used for storage

Front 44

mitochondrion

Back 44

double membrane organelle where chemical reacthons occur to form energy for the cell (ATP0

Front 45

cilia and flagella

Back 45

help with movement of a cell or materials over a cell

Front 46

steps to processing a food particle in an animal cell

Back 46

1. Cell transport brings food in through plasma membrane 2. Lysosome break food down further 3.ER sorts and protein goes to rough and lipids/carbs go to smooth 4.Vesicle transports food to golgi body which packages and modifys it 5.stored in vacuole or used right away by mitochondrion

Front 47

histology

Back 47

study of types of tissue

Front 48

4 tissue types

Back 48

connective, epithelial, nerve, muscle

Front 49

epithelial tissue

Back 49

covers the body and lines many parts usually compact with little inertcellular material or matrix

Front 50

connecive tissue

Back 50

abundance of variety of forms, but all include matrix of intercellular material

Front 51

Nerve tissue

Back 51

contains nerve cells that rapidly commuinicate between body structures to control body functions

Front 52

muscle tissue

Back 52

contain specially designed cells wiht a high degreeof contractibility

Front 53

integumentary system includes:

Back 53

skin and appendages

Front 54

skeletal system includes:

Back 54

bones and joints

Front 55

muscle system includes:

Back 55

includes muscles

Front 56

Nervous system includes

Back 56

brain, spinal cord and nerves

Front 57

senses system includes

Back 57

5 senses and sensory organs

Front 58

digestive system

Back 58

organs that break down food

Front 59

respiratory system

Back 59

nose breathing tubes lungs

Front 60

cardiovascular system

Back 60

heart blood, blood vessels

Front 61

integumentary system includes

Back 61

nails sweat glands oil glands hair

Front 62

primary functions of integumentary system

Back 62

protects against fluid loss, invaders, uv rays, sense of touch, temperature regulation, waste elimination and produces vitamin D

Front 63

skin is made of ______ tissue

Back 63

epithelial tissue

Front 64

how epithilial tissue is classified

Back 64

shape of cells number of layers of cells

Front 65

another term for skin

Back 65

cutaneous membrane

Front 66

what is a serous membrane

Back 66

membranes found in intermal enclosed cavities

Front 67

membrane covering thoracic cavity

Back 67

pleura

Front 68

membrane covering abdominal cavity

Back 68

peritoneum

Front 69

two layers of serous membranes

Back 69

pariel (outer) visceral (inner)

Front 70

three main layers of skin

Back 70

epidermis dermis, hypodermis

Front 71

epidermis has 5 layers what are they? (deepest to outermost)

Back 71

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Front 72

what 4 things are located in the dermis

Back 72

nerves, blood vessels, hair follicle, and glands

Front 73

parallel row of peg-like projections creating and upward raisof epidermis forming finger prints

Back 73

dermal papillae

Front 74

what is the main thing in the hypodermis

Back 74

fatty tissue to absorb pressure on the skin

Front 75

the arrector pilli creates what on the skin

Back 75

goosebumps by raising the hair

Front 76

what does the subaceous gland produce

Back 76

oil

Front 77

caused by separation of epidermis and dermis creating space for fluid to fill

Back 77

blister

Front 78

damage occurs to dna causing skin cells to reproduce uncontrollably

Back 78

skin cancer

Front 79

when mild swelling reddening, pain, and will heal within 2 weeks what type of burn is this

Back 79

1st degree burn

Front 80

red or moltted appearance, blisters swelling, wet feel, greater pain, what type of burn is this?

Back 80

2nd degree burn

Front 81

white or charred appearance, no feeling, potentially severe fluid loss, what type of burn is this?

Back 81

3rd degree burn

Front 82

caused by fungal infection in skin

Back 82

tinea

Front 83

caused by viral infection in skin entering through open sore

Back 83

wart

Front 84

caused by bacterial infection in hair follicle which becomes inflammed

Back 84

boil

Front 85

disease

Back 85

outside organism invades the body and attacks or damages organ systerm

Front 86

disorder

Back 86

impairment or malfunctioning occuring wihtin and organ systerm