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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Occulding
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Tight junctions
Located at apical surface made to separate intercellular space from luminal space and connective tissue Occludins- maintains barrier btwn adjacent cells Claudins- aqueous channels (clostridium bad) JAMs- protect against diffusion between 2 epithelial cells |
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Desmosomes
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ANCHORING
Provide lateral adhesions between epithelial cells, link to cytoskeleton Macula Adherens- interact w/ intermediate filaments Zonula Adherens- interact with actin Caherins- linked to actin so they can convey signals Integrins- interact w/ extracellular matrix, filaments Selectins- help WBC get through space for injury IgSF- mediate cell-cell adhesions and cell differentiation |
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Gap Junctions
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COMMUNICATING
Ca2+ dependent Allow cytoplasm to be continuos |
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Oxytocin
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mammary glands
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ADH
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decreases urine volume
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Anterior Pituitary
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FLATPEG
FSH LH ACTH TSH PRL GH |
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FSH
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Follicular development
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LH
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maturation of ovarian follicle and leydig
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ACTH
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biological stress
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TSH
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thyroid
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PRL
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mammary gland development
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GH
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growth
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Hyaline Cartilage
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calcify with age
collagen type II proteoglycans |
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Elastic Cartilage
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Pinna of external ear, larynx, epiglottis
does not calcify with age |
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Fibrous Cartilage
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shock absorber on joints
type 1 and 2 collagen |
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Oligodendrocytes
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form the myelin sheath in CNS; myelin provides nourishment/support/insulation
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Astrocytes
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Blood-Brain barrier
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Microglia
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Surveillance cells, macropahges w/ phagocytic properties
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Ependymal Cells
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line and cover, secret cerebral spinal fluid
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Schwann cells
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produce myelin sheath
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satellite cells
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supporting cells, surround cell bodies of ganglia
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Ganglia
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collection of cell bodies PNS
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Nuclei
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Clusters of cell bodies in CNS
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Nerves
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CLusters of functionally related AXON in PNS
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Tracts
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clusters of functionally related Axons in CNS
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Somatic Neurons
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only 1 neuron; voluntary movement
Acetylcholine on nicotinic cholinergic receptors of skeletal muscle or tissue/organ |
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Parasympathetic
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(rest and digest)
Pre ganglionic (myelinated) neuron is acetylcholine on nicotinic receptor Post ganglionic (unmyelinated) neuron is Acetylcholine on muscarinic receptor |
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Sympathetic
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(flight or flight)
Pre ganglionic (myelinated) neuron is Acetylcholine on nicotinic receptor Post ganglionic neuron (unmyelinated) neuron is norepinephrine on Adrenergic |
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Meiosis
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begins with 2n, 2d
then 2n, 4d in prophase 1 ends with 1n, 1d in telophase 2 |
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Canaliculi
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tunnels that connect osteocytes for blood supply
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Epiphysis
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the ends of bones
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diaphysis
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the shaft
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volkman's canal
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provides major route of entry of arteries and veins, horizontal channels
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Haversion canals
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passage way of smaller blood vessels, vertical channels
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Appositional growth
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widening of the bone
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interstitial growth
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lengthening of bone
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CNS
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cell bodies located in gray matter of brain and spinal cord
axons in white matter |
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Dorsal horns
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contain sensory processing neurons
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Ventral horns
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contain motor neuron cell bodies
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Phases of action potential
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depolarization - influx of sodium
re-polarization - influx of potassium after polarization- possible influx of chloride |
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Dura Mater
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thick connective tissue continuous with skull
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Arachnoid Mater
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contains trabeculae (strands)
subarachnoid space- where cerebral spinal fluid and BV circulate |
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Pia Mater
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lies directly on brain, saran wrap
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Epidural space
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layer of fat between bone and dura mater
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Afferent
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sensory
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Efferent
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voluntary
synapse in ventral horn |
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CN I
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olfactory (smell)
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CN II
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optic (vision)
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CN III
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Oculomotor ( eye muscle, movement)
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CN IV
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Trochlear (superior oblique muscle of the eye)
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CN V
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Trigeminal (sensory of face and teeth)
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CN VI
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Abducens (exteral rectus muscle movement)
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CN VII
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Facial ( face muscles)
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CN VIII
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Vestibulocochlear (hearing, inner ear)
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CN IX
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Glossopharyngeal (motor and sensory)
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CN X
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Vagus (hearts, lungs, bronchi, GI-tract, trachea, larynx, pharynx, external ear)
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CN XI
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Spinal Accessory Motor (sternocleidomastoid)
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CN XII
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Hypoglossal (tongue movement)
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Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Baroreflex
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symp- increase activity, increase HR, vasconstriction
Para- increased activity- decreased HR |
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Fibrous layer
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Cornea
-avascular Sclera -whites of eyes -dense connective tissue |
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Vascular Layer
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Choroid
- contains BV for rest of eye Iris -sympathetic dilates -parasympathetic constricts Ciliary Body -secretes aqueous humor Lens |
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Nervous Layer
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Retina
- Pigmented Epithelium -prevents glare -Photoreceptors - rods and cones Horizontal cells Bipolar cells Amacrine cells |
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Superior Rectus Muscle
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elevates the eye
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Inferior rectus muscle
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depresses the eye
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Medial rectus muscle
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adducts the eye
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Lateral rectus muscle
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abducts the eye
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superior oblique muscle
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rotates eye down and laterally
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Inferior Oblique Muscle
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rotates eye up and laterally
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p wave
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atrial depolarization
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QRS complex
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ventricular depolarization
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T wave
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ventricular re-polarization
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Venules
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are the location where WBC and fluid of the immune system migrate from blood to site of infection
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Megakaryocytes
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erythrocytes and platelets
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granulocytes/monocytes
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eosinophils
neutrophils macrophages |
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Anemia
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will see more immature RBC on smear
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paneth cells
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secrete anitbacterial enzyme, regulate flora
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Hormones in digestive
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D-cells -somatostatin
G-cells- gastrin stimulates acid ghrelin- appetite cck and secretin - inhibit gastric secretions and motility, increase pancreatic |
