Anatomy Final

Front 1

Taste buds are both

Back 1

exteroceptors and chemoreceptors.

Front 2

Pain that is perceived as being superficial but actually is caused by an underlying organ is called

Back 2

referred pain

Front 3

Visceroceptors are located in

Back 3

Internal organs

Front 4

The receptors responsible for sensing crude and persistent touch are the

Back 4

Ruffini corpuscles.

Front 5

The organ of Corti is located in the

Back 5

cochlear duct

Front 6

The sense organs responsible for static equilibrium are located in the

Back 6

utricle.
saccule.

Front 7

Presbyopia is a condition resulting from:

Back 7

loss of lens elasticity

Front 8

structure of the middle ear

Back 8

Incus
Stapes
Auditory tube

Front 9

Proprioceptors can be found in

Back 9

skeletal muscles

Front 10

Taste buds can be found

Back 10

in the lining of the mouth.
on the soft palate.
on the tongue.

Front 11

Nerve impulses over the ____ nerve cause increased peristalsis and decreased heart rate.

Back 11

vagus

Front 12

The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of

Back 12

31 pairs

Front 13

Damage to the ____ nerve could make the diaphragm unable to function.

Back 13

phrenic

Front 14

the neurotransmitter(s) in a somatic motor pathway

Back 14

Acetylcholine

Front 15

the autonomic nervous system

Back 15

It operates without conscious control.
It regulates visceral activities.
All of its neurons are motor.

Front 16

an effector of the autonomic nervous system

Back 16

Blood vessels
Sweat glands
Iris of the eye

Front 17

The autonomic nervous system functions chiefly in the

Back 17

innervation of smooth muscle in the viscera.

Front 18

Once inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, the preganglionic fiber may:

Back 18

synapse with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron.
send ascending and/or descending branches through the sympathetic trunk to synapse with postganglionic neurons in other chain ganglia.
pass through one or more ganglia without synapsing.

Front 19

Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in

Back 19

nuclei of the brainstem and the lateral gray columns of the sacral cord.

Front 20

examples of parasympathetic stimulation

Back 20

contraction of the urinary bladder.
relaxation of the sphincters of the digestive tract.
increased salivation.

Front 21

Norepinephrine is liberated at

Back 21

most sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings

Front 22

Propranolol is an example of

Back 22

a beta blocker.
a drug used to treat irregular heartbeats.
a drug used to treat hypertension.

Front 23

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by filtration of blood in the

Back 23

choroid plexuses.

Front 24

Nerve fibers of the spinothalamic tract are

Back 24

sensory.

Front 25

The brainstem includes the

Back 25

pons.
medulla.
midbrain.

Front 26

The part of the brain that can influence the release of hormones or the endocrine system is the:

Back 26

hypothalamus

Front 27

Impulses from which system play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum

Back 27

Reticular activating system

Front 28

The cerebrospinal fluid resides in the

Back 28

ventricles of the brain.
subarachnoid space.
central canal of the spinal cord.

Front 29

The white matter of the cerebellum is called the

Back 29

arbor vitae.

Front 30

The corpus callosum connects the:

Back 30

cerebral hemispheres

Front 31

The foramen magnum is the structure that divides the

Back 31

medulla oblongata from the spinal cord

Front 32

Endocrine glands may be made up of

Back 32

glandular epithelium.
neurosecretory tissue.

Front 33

Tropic hormones

Back 33

target other endocrine glands and stimulate their growth and secretion.

Front 34

The production of thyroid hormone is stimulated by another hormone from the

Back 34

anterior pituitary

Front 35

The neurohypophysis serves as a storage and release site for

Back 35

antidiuretic hormone.
oxytocin.

Front 36

The principal thyroid hormone is

Back 36

triiodothyronine

Front 37

The common molecule from which all steroid hormones are derived is

Back 37

cholesterol.

Front 38

The term "down-regulation" refers to

Back 38

the reduction of the number of hormone receptors in a cell

Front 39

Regulation of osmolality

Back 39

Sodium

Front 40

Inversely related to HCO3 concentration

Back 40

Chloride

Front 41

Major determinant of resting membrane potential

Back 41

Potassium

Front 42

ATP is an intracellular metabolic form or organic form of which inorganic cation

Back 42

Phosphate

Front 43

Acts as an intracellular and extracellular anion buffer

Back 43

Phosphate

Front 44

Constricts peripheral vessels to increase blood pressure

Back 44

Norepinephrine

Front 45

Dilates pupils

Back 45

Norepinephrine

Front 46

Increases cardiac output by increasing hart rate and myocardial contractility

Back 46

Epinephrine

Front 47

Dilates blood vessels of skeletal muscles allowing greater oxygenation

Back 47

Epinephrine

Front 48

Decreases glucose uptake in muscles

Back 48

Epinephrine

Front 49

Decreases insulin release

Back 49

Epinephrine

Front 50

Increases gastric secretions

Back 50

Cortisol

Front 51

Forms glucose from amino acids and free fatty acids

Back 51

Cortisol

Front 52

In the axon terminal of the presynaptic motor neuron, the second difusion event is

Back 52

Calcium through voltage gated calcium channels

Front 53

In the synapse between the axon terminal of the presynaptic cell and the postsynaptic motor fiber cell, the primary difusion event is

Back 53

ACH resulting from the synaptic vessicle fusion with the presynaptic membrane

Front 54

In the skeletal muscle endplate, the postsynaptic motor fiber, the first difusion event is:

Back 54

Sodium through ligand gated sodium channels

Front 55

In the skeletal muscle endplate, the postsynaptic motor fiber, the second difusion event is

Back 55

Sodium through voltage gated sodium channels

Front 56

In the skeletal muscle fiber cell, sarcoplasmic reticulum of the postsynaptic motor fiber, the primary difusion event is:

Back 56

Calcium through voltage gated calcium channels

Front 57

In the skeletal muscle fiber cell, sarcoplasm of the postsynaptic motor fiber, the primary difusion event is:

Back 57

Calcium to troponin

Front 58

Tic douloureux is a painful neuralgia of the ____ nerve

Back 58

trigeminal

Front 59

Which plexus contains nerves that innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm

Back 59

Brachial

Front 60

A mixed nerve is one that

Back 60

carries both sensory and motor fibers.

Front 61

The phrenic nerve is found in the

Back 61

cervical plexus

Front 62

Nerves that innervate the floor of the pelvic cavity and some of the surrounding areas are found in the

Back 62

coccygeal plexus

Front 63

The knee jerk may be classified as a segmental reflex because

Back 63

impulses that mediate it enter and leave the same segment of the cord.

Front 64

Somatic reflexes consist of

Back 64

contractions of skeletal muscles

Front 65

Sympathetic responses generally have widespread effects on the body because

Back 65

preganglionic fibers synapse with several postsynaptic fibers

Front 66

Beta receptors bind to

Back 66

norepinephrine

Front 67

An effect of cortisol is

Back 67

decrease immune response

Front 68

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is released by the ____ in response to stress

Back 68

hypothalamus

Front 69

Alarm reaction responses resulting from the hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex include:

Back 69

hyperglycemia.
decreased immunity.
decreased allergic responses.

Front 70

The antibody normally constituting the highest percentage of antibodies in the blood is

Back 70

IgG.

Front 71

The predominant antibody of a secondary response is

Back 71

IgG.

Front 72

The antibody commonly found in tears and saliva is

Back 72

IgA.

Front 73

The major class of antibody present in the mucous membranes of the body is:

Back 73

IgA.

Front 74

The antibody associated with allergic reaction is:

Back 74

IgE.

Front 75

major types of interferon

Back 75

leukocyte interferon.
immune interferon.
fibroblast interferon.

Front 76

B cell mechanisms are classified as

Back 76

antibody-mediated immunity

Front 77

become plasma cells when exposed to an antigen

Back 77

Memory cells

Front 78

Interferon inhibits the spread of:

Back 78

viruses.

Front 79

Adaptive immunity is also called

Back 79

specific immunity

Front 80

When an antigen attaches to a naïve B cell, it becomes

Back 80

a memory cell.
a plasma cell.
an effector B cell.

Front 81

In the first stage of their development, B cells are known by

Back 81

naïve B cells.
inactive B cells.
virgin B cells.

Front 82

Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?

Back 82

Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium

Front 83

What is the action of calcitonin?

Back 83

Decreases serum calcium

Front 84

The smallest contractile unit of muscle is made up of

Back 84

Proteins.

Front 85

In an embryo, newborn or child, the proliferation of cells in response to stimulation is called:

Back 85

hyperplasia.

Front 86

Which second messenger is stimulated by epinephrine binding to a ß-adrenergic receptor?

Back 86

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)

Front 87

primary method of deriving energy from the substrate Glycogen, glucose, glactose

Back 87

Glycolysis

Front 88

where is Vitamine D3 is activated

Back 88

In the kidney folowing activation by parathyroid hormone

Front 89

What is the action of natriuretic peptides?

Back 89

They decrease blood pressure and increase sodium and water excretion.

Front 90

In the classification of exocrine glands, the mammary gland which pinches off a section of the cells cytoplasm is:

Back 90

Apocrine

Front 91

In the classification of exocrine glands, the sebaceous gland which secrets oil as the cell ruptures completely is:

Back 91

Holocrine

Front 92

In the classification of exocrine glands, the salivary gland which remains intact and secrets its product directly through the cell membrane is:

Back 92

Merocrine

Front 93

Where are antibodies produced?

Back 93

RER and Golgi

Front 94

the primary method of deriving energy from the substrate Glycine,glygerol, glucagon, growth hormone

Back 94

Krebs