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200 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the fate of a food molecule absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract?
|
A. it may be used as an energy source
B. It may be stored for future use C. It may be used to build another molecule. D. All of the above |
D. All of the above
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The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in the body is
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A. oxidation
B. anabolism C. metabolism D. catabolism |
C. Metabolism
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the catabolism of glucose to produce ATP
|
A. beta oxidation
B. glycolysis C. kreb's cycle reactions D. formation of acetyl coenzyme A |
A. beta oxistion
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|
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The transition reaction
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A. occurs solely in the mitochondria
B. results in the net gain of 2 ATP C. converts 2 pyruvic acid molecules into one glucose molecule D. results in no ATP production |
A. occurs solely in the mitochondria
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Under normal health conditions, how is excess glucose stored in live and muscle cells?
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A. as cellulose
B. as starch C. as glycogen D. as fat |
C. as glycogen
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When glucose levels are low, glucagon and cortisol can stimulate production of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources by a process called?
|
A. glycolysis
B. gluconeogeneis C. glycogenesis D. glycogenolysis |
B. gluconeogensis
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Lipoproteins
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A. have an outer layer composed of protein and phospholipids
B. contain triglycerides and other lipids in their core C. facilitate transportation of lipids in the blood D. all of the above |
D. all of the above
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Which of the following is NOT true of cholesterol?
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A. most cholesterol is made by the liver, but it is also present in some foods
B. as blood cholesterol levels increase, the risk of heart disease decreases C. cholesterol is neccessary for more human cell membranes D. cholesterol is necessary for synthesis of steroid hormones |
B. as blood levels increase, the risk of heart disease decreases
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Lipogenesis
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A. can convert excess glucose and amino acid into fats
B. is stimulated by thyroid hormones C. occurs when individuals use more calories than they consume D. is the catabolism of lipids |
A. can convert excess glucose and amino acids into fats
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|
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which role does protein serve in the body?
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A. biological catalyst: enzymes
B. defense against disease: antibodies C. structural support: collagen, elastin, keratin D. all of these are correct |
D. all of these are correct
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Protein catabolism may allow amino acids to be used in the Kreb's cycle for cellular respiration
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T OR F
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T
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Glycogenesis in muscle and liver can occur with limit
|
T OR F
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F
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Glucagon stimulates protein anabolism
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T OR F
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F
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The nervous system can safely use fatty caids for cellular respiration in postabsorptive, non starvation state
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T OR F
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F
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The primary hormone regulating metabolism of a student who finished a meal of enchilades two hours ago is insulin
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T OR F
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T
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Decreased ketone body formation is an effect of starvation
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T OR F
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T
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Nutrients are substances in food that body cells use for growth, maintainance and repair
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T OR F
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T
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The part of the brain that regulates appetite is the medulla oblongata
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T OR F
|
F
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anabolic reactions use ATP
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T OR F
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T
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fructose and galactose can be converted to glucose for cellular respiration
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T OR F
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T
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The kreb's cycle takes place ...
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A. Zero
B. Two C. in the mitochondrial matrix D. in the cytoplasm E. on the mirochondrial cristae |
C. in the mitochondrial matrix
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glycolysis takes place ...
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A. Zero
B. Two C. in the mitochondrial matrix D. in the cytoplasm E. on the mirochondrial cristae |
D. in the cytoplasm
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The electron transport chain reaction takes place
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A. Zero
B. Two C. in the mitochondrial matrix D. in the cytoplasm E. on the mirochondrial cristae |
on the mitochondrial cristae
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glycolysis results in the production of ...
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A. Zero
B. Two C. in the mitochondrial matrix D. in the cytoplasm E. on the mirochondrial cristae |
B. Two
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the transition reaction results in the production of ... ATP molecules
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A. Zero
B. Two C. in the mitochondrial matrix D. in the cytoplasm E. on the mirochondrial cristae |
A. Zero
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In the absence of oxygen, pyruvic acid made in glycolysis will be converted to ...
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A.36
B. 38 C. lactic acid D. citric acid E. glycogen |
C. lactic acid
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During cellular respitation, brain cells will produce a total of ... ATP molecules per glucose molecule
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A.36
B. 38 C. lactic acid D. citric acid E. glycogen |
B. 38
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during cellular respiration, cells in the dermis will produce a total of ... ATP molecules per molecule of glucose
|
A.36
B. 38 C. lactic acid D. citric acid E. glycogen |
A. 36
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When ... levels are depleted, the individual should eat
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A.36
B. 38 C. lactic acid D. citric acid E. glycogen |
E. glycogen
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Another name for the kreb's cycle is the ... cycle
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A.36
B. 38 C. lactic acid D. citric acid E. glycogen |
D. citric
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Which statement is true of LDL
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A. the D stands for density of lipids in the lipoprotein, and is 25%
B. the d stands for density of protein in the lipoprotein, and is 10% C. the d stands for density of protein in the lipoprotein, and is 25% D. none of the above |
C. the d stands for density of protein in the lipoprotein and is 25%
|
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A high blood HDl value
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A. is solely determined by genetics
B. reduces blood LDL levels C. can lead to plaque build up in the arteries D. will compromise heart health |
B. reduces blood LDL levels
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The main function of chylomicrons is to
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A. reduce LDL levels
B. transport triglycerides from liver cells to adipose tissues C. transport triglycerides from intestincal mucosa to adipose cells D. carry blood cholesterol to cells |
C. transport triglycerides from intestinal mucosa to adipose cells
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in the absense of weight bearing exercise, excess protein is
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A. converted to glucose and triglycerides
B. stored in the liver C. stored in the muscle cells D. none of the above |
A. converted to glucose and triglycerides
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which is an INCORRECT statement about the absorptive state
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A. nutrients enter the blood stream
B. anabolism of macromolecules occurs C. insulin levels are increased D. epinepherine levels are high |
D. epinephrine levels are high
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the single most important reason why we need oxygen is
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A. oxygen allows us to breathe
B. oxygen carries away electrons in the electrons transport chain reaction t generate ATP C. to counteract the levels of carbon dioxide D. to build up glucose for cellular respiration |
D. to build up glucose for cellular respiration
|
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Glycogenolysis is
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A. the synthesis of glycogen
B. the first stage of cellular respiration C. the catabolism of glycogen D. mediated by insulin |
C. the catoblism of glycogen
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This non-carbohydrate molecule can be converted to glucose and is used for cellular respiration
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A. fatty acid
B. glycogen C. starch D. glycerol |
A. fatty acid
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ketone bodies
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A. are a product of fatty caid anabolism
B. supply 1/3 of the brains ATP fuel after 40 days of starvation C. are a product of fatty acid catabolism D. none of the above |
C. are a product of fatty acid catabolism
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RED BLOOD CELLS
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hmmm
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Because red blood cells do not have mitochondria, they only carry out AEROBIC steps
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Basal metabolic rate refers to the rate at which metabloic reactions use ATP under quiet resting and fasting conditions
|
T or F
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T
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glucose levels are maintained at 100-130 mg.100 ml blood
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T or F
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F
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Fever is associated with higher metabolic rate in response to infection
|
T or F
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T
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Brain damage is likely when body temp rises over 103 degress
|
T or F
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T
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insulin and leptin are known to increase appetite in response to low glucose levels
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T or F
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F
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oxytocin and breast milk are involved in a negative feedback pathway
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T or F
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T
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The presense of glucagon in the blood surpresses the effects of insulin
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T or F
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T
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The pancreatic beta cells synthesis and release insulin
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T or F
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F
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Stretch receptors in the stomach and duodenum send messages to the hypothalamus to stimulate appetite
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T or F
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T
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Glucoeogeneis occurs before glycogenesis in the postabsorptive state
|
T or F
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T
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|
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The cephalic state of digestion
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A. begins when food enters the stomach
B. prepares the mouth and stomach for the arrival of food C. begins when food enters the small intestine D. none of the above |
B. prepares the mouth and stomach for the arrival of food
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|
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In response to the presnse of fats and proteins in the small intestine, CCK
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A. stimulates appetite
B. increases gastric emptying C. stimulates pancreas to secreate proteases and lipases D. is screted in the large intestine |
C. stimulates pancreas to secreate proteases and lipases
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Digestion of carbohydrates occurs in each of these places EXCEPT
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A. mouth
B. stomach C. small intestine D. it occurs in all of these places |
D. it occurs in all of these places
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Which reflex promotes the movement of food into the cecum
|
A. ileocecal reflex
B. gastroileal reflex C. gastrocolic reflex D. none of the above |
B. gastroileal reflex
|
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saliva
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A. contain lysosomes
B. contain amylase C. contains lipase D. all of the aboce |
D. all of the above
|
|
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The muscularis layer of the alimentary canal
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A. has 3 layers
B. has 2 layers C. is the same throughout the GI tract D. none of the above |
A. has 3 layers
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The ... is a collapsed muscular tube where no absorption takes place
|
A. trachea
B. small intestine C. esophagus D. large intestine |
C. esophagus
|
|
|
During swallowing
|
A. the soft palate is elevated, and the epiglottis is lowered
B. the soft palate is depressed and the epiglottis is lowered C. the soft palate and the epiglottis are raised D. none of the above |
A. the soft palate is elevated, and the epiglottis is lowered
|
|
|
Gastroesophgeal relfex disease
|
A. occurs when the pyloric sphincter fails to close
B. occurs when the cardiac sphincter fails to close C. results from alkaline juices entering the esophagus D. results in ulcers of the intestine |
B. occurs when the cardiac sphincter fails to close
|
|
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach
|
A. serves as the primary source of absorption for most nutrients
B. receives bolus from esophagus C. delivers chymes to duodenum D. performs both mechanical and chemical digestive processes |
A. serves as the primary source of absorption for most nutrients
|
|
|
pancreatic juice contains each of the following EXCEPT
|
A. amylase
B. HCL C. sodium bicarbonate D. proteases |
B. HCL
|
|
|
the gall bladder
|
A. produces bile
B. concentrates and stores biles C. lies lateral to the liver D. empties into the pancreas |
B. concentrates and stores bile
|
|
|
Which of the following homeostatic disturbances might result from liver failure?
|
A. increased bone density
B. Increased ability to convert medications and hormones into inactive substances C. increased ability to recycle hemoglobin D. decreased ability to maintain normal blood glucose levels |
D. decreased ability to maintain normal blood glucose levels
|
|
|
Which of the following is an ezyme that digests triglcyerides?
|
A. bile
B. pancreatic lipase C. gastric amylase D. lingual amylase |
B. pancreatic lipase
|
|
|
Each of the following can be absorbed across the epithelium of the small intestine EXCEPT
|
A. disaccharides
B. amino acids C. triglcyerides D. monosaccharides |
C. triglycerides
|
|
|
The primary bronchioles are where the gas exchange between the airways and the alveoli takes place
|
T or F
|
F
|
|
|
Tension, length, and thichness of the vocal cords affect voice
|
T or F
|
T
|
|
|
Lipid soluble vitamins can be toxic when taken in excess
|
T or F
|
T
|
|
|
minerals are inorganic substances that help regulate enxymatic activities
|
T or F
|
T
|
|
|
The pharynx is the area between the posterior nasal region and the larynx, where you receive a sore throat
|
T or F
|
T
|
|
|
Cilia lining the respiratory track move air by passive motion
|
T or F
|
F
|
|
|
External repiration refers to taking air in from outside your nose
|
T or F
|
F
|
|
|
Internal respiration refers to exchange of gases between the blood and the cells throughout the body
|
T or F
|
T
|
|
|
The air you breathe in is warmed by mucous producing cells
|
T or F
|
F
|
|
|
When a person smokes a cigarette, cilia function to drive out the toxins
|
T or F
|
F
|
|
|
Which is the correct value for the percentage of nitrogen in atmospheric air?
|
A. 14.2%
B. 21.9% C. 78.6% D. .04% |
C. 78.6%
|
|
|
The principle that each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure as if no other gases were present is known as
|
A. henrys law
B. boyles law C. daltons law D. the law of partial pressure |
C. daltons law
|
|
|
oxygen free radicals
|
A. protect against harmful radiation
B. can be neutralized by antioxidant vitamins such as C and E C. can protect against cancer and several other health compromising conditions D. all of the above |
C. can protect against cancer and several other health compromising conditions
|
|
|
Which laryngeal cartilage is commonly known as the adams apple
|
A. arytenoid cartilage
B. cuneiform cartilage C. corniculate cartilage D. thyroid cartilage |
D. thyroid cartilage
|
|
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the pharynx
|
A. immune function
B. passage of food and air C. resonating chamber for voice D. all of the above |
D. all of the above
|
|
|
Which is a property of the submucosal layer?
|
A. goblet cells to produce mucous
B. contains innervation from entertic nervous system C. contains a thin layer of smooth muscle D. secretes enzymes |
C. contains a thin layer of smooth muscle
|
|
|
Which is a property of the submucosal layer?
|
A. goblet cells to produce mucous
B. contains innervation from entertic nervous system C. contains a thin layer of smooth muscle D. secretes enzymes |
C. contains a thin layer of smooth muscle
|
|
|
Which is a property of the submucosal layer?
|
A. goblet cells to produce mucous
B. contains innervation from entertic nervous system C. contains a thin layer of smooth muscle D. secretes enzymes |
C. contains a thin layer of smooth muscle
|
|
|
The c-rings of the trachea are
|
A. are made of hyaline cartilage and open anteriorly
B. are made of hyaline cartilage and open posteriorly C. are made of fibrous cartilage and open anteriorly D. are made of fibrous cartilage and open posteriorly |
B. are made of hyaline cartilage and open posteriorly
|
|
|
The c-rings of the trachea are
|
A. are made of hyaline cartilage and open anteriorly
B. are made of hyaline cartilage and open posteriorly C. are made of fibrous cartilage and open anteriorly D. are made of fibrous cartilage and open posteriorly |
B. are made of hyaline cartilage and open posteriorly
|
|
|
The c-rings of the trachea are
|
A. are made of hyaline cartilage and open anteriorly
B. are made of hyaline cartilage and open posteriorly C. are made of fibrous cartilage and open anteriorly D. are made of fibrous cartilage and open posteriorly |
B. are made of hyaline cartilage and open posteriorly
|
|
|
Which of the following is an INCORRECT association
|
A. digestion: passage of food through the alimentary canal
B. secretion: production and release of digestive juices into the lumen of the alimentary canal C. aborption: fluids and molecules pass into the epithelial lining D. mixing and propulsion: contraction of smooth muscle to mix and move food down the GI tract |
B. secretion: production and release of digestive juices into the lumen of the aimentary canal
|
|
|
Which of the following is an INCORRECT association
|
A. digestion: passage of food through the alimentary canal
B. secretion: production and release of digestive juices into the lumen of the alimentary canal C. aborption: fluids and molecules pass into the epithelial lining D. mixing and propulsion: contraction of smooth muscle to mix and move food down the GI tract |
B. secretion: production and release of digestive juices into the lumen of the aimentary canal
|
|
|
Which of the following is an INCORRECT association
|
A. digestion: passage of food through the alimentary canal
B. secretion: production and release of digestive juices into the lumen of the alimentary canal C. aborption: fluids and molecules pass into the epithelial lining D. mixing and propulsion: contraction of smooth muscle to mix and move food down the GI tract |
B. secretion: production and release of digestive juices into the lumen of the aimentary canal
|
|
|
Cilia lining the respiratory track move air by passive motion
|
T or F
|
F
|
|
|
The ... cells in the alveoli produce surfactant
|
A. alveolar type 1 cells
B. alveolar type 2 cells C. alveolar dust cells D. alveolar basement cells |
B. alveolar type 2 cells
|
|
|
The ... cells in the alveoli produce surfactant
|
A. alveolar type 1 cells
B. alveolar type 2 cells C. alveolar dust cells D. alveolar basement cells |
B. alveolar type 2 cells
|
|
|
pancreatic juice contains each of the following EXCEPT
|
A. amylase
B. HCL C. sodium bicarbonate D. proteases |
B. HCL
|
|
|
The ... cells in the alveoli produce surfactant
|
A. alveolar type 1 cells
B. alveolar type 2 cells C. alveolar dust cells D. alveolar basement cells |
B. alveolar type 2 cells
|
|
|
External repiration refers to taking air in from outside your nose
|
T or F
|
F
|
|
|
Ventilations refers to the exchange of gases
|
A. between the external enviroment and the lungs
B. between the blood and the bodys cells C. within the alveoli D. none of the above |
A. between the external environment and the lungs
|
|
|
Internal respiration refers to exchange of gases between the blood and the cells throughout the body
|
T or F
|
T
|
|
|
Ventilations refers to the exchange of gases
|
A. between the external enviroment and the lungs
B. between the blood and the bodys cells C. within the alveoli D. none of the above |
A. between the external environment and the lungs
|
|
|
The air you breathe in is warmed by mucous producing cells
|
T or F
|
F
|
|
|
the gall bladder
|
A. produces bile
B. concentrates and stores biles C. lies lateral to the liver D. empties into the pancreas |
B. concentrates and stores bile
|
|
|
High pCO2 in cells
|
A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin
|
|
|
High pCO2 in cells
|
A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin
|
|
|
Ventilations refers to the exchange of gases
|
A. between the external enviroment and the lungs
B. between the blood and the bodys cells C. within the alveoli D. none of the above |
A. between the external environment and the lungs
|
|
|
High pCO2 in cells
|
A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin
|
|
|
When a person smokes a cigarette, cilia function to drive out the toxins
|
T or F
|
F
|
|
|
Which of the following homeostatic disturbances might result from liver failure?
|
A. increased bone density
B. Increased ability to convert medications and hormones into inactive substances C. increased ability to recycle hemoglobin D. decreased ability to maintain normal blood glucose levels |
D. decreased ability to maintain normal blood glucose levels
|
|
|
hyperbaric chamber
|
A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections
|
|
|
hyperbaric chamber
|
A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections
|
|
|
hyperbaric chamber
|
A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections
|
|
|
Which is the correct value for the percentage of nitrogen in atmospheric air?
|
A. 14.2%
B. 21.9% C. 78.6% D. .04% |
C. 78.6%
|
|
|
Which of the following is an ezyme that digests triglcyerides?
|
A. bile
B. pancreatic lipase C. gastric amylase D. lingual amylase |
B. pancreatic lipase
|
|
|
alveoli
|
A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
site of gas exchange in lungs
|
|
|
alveoli
|
A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
site of gas exchange in lungs
|
|
|
bronchioles
|
A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
site where excess mucous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing
|
|
|
Each of the following can be absorbed across the epithelium of the small intestine EXCEPT
|
A. disaccharides
B. amino acids C. triglcyerides D. monosaccharides |
C. triglycerides
|
|
|
alveoli
|
A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
site of gas exchange in lungs
|
|
|
bronchioles
|
A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
site where excess mucous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing
|
|
|
The principle that each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure as if no other gases were present is known as
|
A. henrys law
B. boyles law C. daltons law D. the law of partial pressure |
C. daltons law
|
|
|
The primary bronchioles are where the gas exchange between the airways and the alveoli takes place
|
T or F
|
F
|
|
|
oxygen free radicals
|
A. protect against harmful radiation
B. can be neutralized by antioxidant vitamins such as C and E C. can protect against cancer and several other health compromising conditions D. all of the above |
C. can protect against cancer and several other health compromising conditions
|
|
|
exhalation
|
A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
passive recoil in lungs
|
|
|
exhalation
|
A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
passive recoil in lungs
|
|
|
bronchioles
|
A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
site where excess mucous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing
|
|
|
exhalation
|
A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
passive recoil in lungs
|
|
|
Tension, length, and thichness of the vocal cords affect voice
|
T or F
|
T
|
|
|
Which laryngeal cartilage is commonly known as the adams apple
|
A. arytenoid cartilage
B. cuneiform cartilage C. corniculate cartilage D. thyroid cartilage |
D. thyroid cartilage
|
|
|
Lipid soluble vitamins can be toxic when taken in excess
|
T or F
|
T
|
|
|
minerals are inorganic substances that help regulate enxymatic activities
|
T or F
|
T
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a function of the pharynx
|
A. immune function
B. passage of food and air C. resonating chamber for voice D. all of the above |
D. all of the above
|
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The pharynx is the area between the posterior nasal region and the larynx, where you receive a sore throat
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T or F
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T
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Cilia lining the respiratory track move air by passive motion
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T or F
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F
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External repiration refers to taking air in from outside your nose
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T or F
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F
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Internal respiration refers to exchange of gases between the blood and the cells throughout the body
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T or F
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T
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The air you breathe in is warmed by mucous producing cells
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T or F
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F
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When a person smokes a cigarette, cilia function to drive out the toxins
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T or F
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F
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Which is the correct value for the percentage of nitrogen in atmospheric air?
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A. 14.2%
B. 21.9% C. 78.6% D. .04% |
C. 78.6%
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The principle that each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure as if no other gases were present is known as
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A. henrys law
B. boyles law C. daltons law D. the law of partial pressure |
C. daltons law
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oxygen free radicals
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A. protect against harmful radiation
B. can be neutralized by antioxidant vitamins such as C and E C. can protect against cancer and several other health compromising conditions D. all of the above |
C. can protect against cancer and several other health compromising conditions
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Which laryngeal cartilage is commonly known as the adams apple
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A. arytenoid cartilage
B. cuneiform cartilage C. corniculate cartilage D. thyroid cartilage |
D. thyroid cartilage
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the pharynx
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A. immune function
B. passage of food and air C. resonating chamber for voice D. all of the above |
D. all of the above
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hiccuping
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A. occurs with increased solubility of nitrogen in blood
B. occurs at high altitudes C. nitrogen bubbles out of blood D. facilitates exhalation E. initiated by spasmodic contraction of diaphragm |
E. initiated by spasmodic contraction of diaphragm
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lung compliance
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A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
D. facilitates exhalation
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hypoxia or insufficient pO2 in tissues
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A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
B. occurs at high altitiudes
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nitogen narcosis
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A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
A. occurs with increased solubility of nitrogen in blood
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the bends
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A. passive recoil in lungs
B. results in reduced saturation of hemoglobin C. used to treat systemic bacterial infections site of gas exchange in lungs D. sit of gas exchange in lungs E. site where excess muscous in respiratory infections and asthma commonly interferes with breathing |
nitrogen bubbles out of blood
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Pressue is lowest in the throracic cavity just prior to inhalation
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T OR F
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T
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surface tension keeps the alveoli tiny
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T OR F
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F
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the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the air outside the body is less than that in the lungs
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T OR F
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T
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the diaphragm contracts just prior to inhalation
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T OR F
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T
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alveolar pressure is always lower than intrapleural pressure
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T OR F
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F
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On a hemoglobin saturation curve, which condition/location has the lowest percent saturation of hemoglobin for a given partial pressure of oxygen
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A. deoxygenated blood in a systemic vein, on average at rest
B. deoxygenated blood in contracting skeletal muscle C. oxygenated blood in systemic arteries D. all have equal perfect saturation of hemoglobin |
A
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what is the percentage of carbon dioxide in the body that is bound to hemoglobin
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A. 5%
B. 23% C. 70% D. 40% |
B. 23%
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Which of the following is NOT one of the chemical change that occur in the respiratory system during exercise
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A. increased CO2
B. decreased oxygen C. increase in temp C. increase in oxygen |
D. increase in oxygen
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which of the following is not an effect of cigarette smoking on the respiratory system
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A. lung elasticity is destroyed
B. constriction of terminal bronchioles C. inhibits movement of cilia D. all are effects |
D. all are effects
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Which of the following is an incorrect statement about the conduction pathway of the heart?
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A. the AV node is located in the left ventricle
B. ectopic pacemaker cells are affected by caffeine and nicotine C. hormones and the autonomic nervous system affect the rate and strength of the heartbreak D. the bundle of his is the connection between the atria and the ventricles |
A. the ac node is lcoated in the left centircle
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which vessel type has the lowest blood pressure
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A. arteries
B. capillaries C. veins D. vena cavae |
D. vena cavae
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the right and left coronary arteries are branches of the
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A. aortic arch
B. asending aorta C. descending aorta D. thoracic aorta |
B. ascending aorta
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The body compensates for sudden loss of blood volume
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A. by reabsorption of water to incrase blood pressure and keep the heart betng
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A
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intercalated discs of cardiac muscle cells
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A. increase the strength of muscle fiber contraction
B. are formed where desmosomes clamp together adjacent cells C. are fromed by junctions D. none of the above |
C. are formed by junctions
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the primary pacemaker of the heart is the
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A. purkinje fiber
B. AV bundle C. right bundle branch D. SA node |
D. SA node
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Which of the following increases the hearts work at rest
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A. increased total vessel length from obesity
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artheroscleros
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A. results in dilation of the arterial lumen
B. results in impaired blood flow C. can be prevented by eating saturated fats D. none of the above |
B. results in impaired blood flow
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which of the following statements is true of heart rate
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A. newborns typically have heart rate of 50 bt
B. men have slower than women |
men have slower than women
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a myocardial infarctio
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A. results from an interrupted blood supply to part of the blood
B. causes death to part of the heart C. meas the heart is not getting enough oxygen D> all of the above |
D. all of the above
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which of these factors do NOt increase cardiac output
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A. increased stroke volume
B. increased heart rate C. increased preload D> increased afterload |
D> increased afterload
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Nitrous oxide is a gaseous hormone that results in vasodilation
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T OR F
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T
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eosinophils increase in response to parasitic infections
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T OR F
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T
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The three steps in platelet plug formation are platelet adhesion, platelet release reaction and coagulation
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T OR F
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F
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monocytes are the first responders at damaged/diseases site
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T OR F
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F
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both monocytes and lymphocytes increase in response to viral infections and leukemias
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T OR F
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T
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Eosinophils release histaminase to promote histamine production in basophils
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T OR F
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F
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in blood clotting, prothrombinase converts prothrombin to thrombin, which converts the insoluble fibrinogen to the soluble fibrin, which forms the thread of the clot
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T OR F
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F
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the roll stick squeeze principle refers to the way in which WBCs leave blood vessels and get to damaged or diseased tissue
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T OR F
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T
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a surpressed basophil count could indicate pregnancy
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T OR F
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T
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hemoglobin makes up about 1/3 of a red blood cells weight
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T OR F
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T
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heart sounds
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A. may be detected by ECG
B> are the results of cardiac valves opening C. are associated with smoothly flowing blood D. are the results of cardiac valves closing |
D. are the results of cardiac valves closing
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which vessel type has the lowest blood pressure
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a. arteries
B. capillaries C. veins D. vena cavae |
D. vena cavae
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the right and left coronary arteries are branches of the
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A. aortic arch
B> ascending aorta C. descending aorta D. thoracic aorta |
B. ascending aoarta
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the endocardium
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A> encloses the heart externally
B. lines the heart chambers and valves C. is the outermost layer of the serous pericardium D. none of the above |
B. lines the heart chambers and valves
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Which is NOT one of the circulatory pathways in the body?
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A. coronary circulation
B. pulmonary circulation C. systemic circulation D. all are |
D. all are
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the primary pacemakers of the heart is the
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A. purkinje fibers
B. AV bundle C. right bundle D. SA node |
D. SA node
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the buffy coat of centrifuged blood in a test tube consists of
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A. RBCS
B. platelets C. WBCS D. none of the above |
B. platelets
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which of the following is one of the regulatory functions of blood?
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A. regulates ph
B. regulates body temp C. regulates cell water content D. all of the above |
D. all of the above
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Which is NOT a physical characteristic of blood?
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A. ph is 7.4
B. male blood volume is 5-6L C. temp is 98.6 D. it compromises 8% of total body weight |
C. temp is 98.6
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tissue hypoxia is
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A. the hypothalamus
B. the brain C. the kidneys D. the lungs |
A. the hypothalamus
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the ... in the atrial septum, transmits the electric signal to the bundle of his
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A. AV node
B. desmosomes C. autorythmic D. gap junctions E. SA node |
A. AV node
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... help the cardiac muscle cells stay tightly packed together
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A. AV node
B. desmosomes C. autorythmic D. gap junctions E. SA node |
B. desmosomes
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... cells allow the heart to maintain its own system of contraction without nervous input
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A. AV node
B. desmosomes C. autorythmic D. gap junctions E. SA node |
C. autorythmic
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a polarized cardiac muscle fiber is ... charged on the inside relative to the outside
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A. negatively
B. diastolic C. systolic D. positively |
A. negatively
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The chambers of the heart fill with blood during their ... phase of contraction
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A. negatively
B. diastolic C. systolic D. positively |
B. diastolic
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Systole and diastole of the atria and diastole of the venticles is known as one
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A. 20 mm Hg
B. - 90 mm Hg C. stroke volume D. thythmic cycle E. cardiac cycle |
E. cardiac cycle
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the polarized state of cardiac muscle cells has a change of
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A. 20 mm Hg
B. - 90 mm Hg C. stroke volume D. thythmic cycle E. cardiac cycle |
B. - 90 mm Hg
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the amount of blood ejcted from the heart in one ventricular contraction is known as
|
A. 20 mm Hg
B. - 90 mm Hg C. stroke volume D. thythmic cycle E. cardiac cycle |
C. stroke volume
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|
the equation used to measure cardiac volumes is
|
A. atrioventricular valves
B. semilunar valves C. ESV = SV - EDV D. SV = EDV - ESV |
D. SV = EDV - ESV
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During ventricular contraction the ... valves are closed
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A. atrioventricular valves
B. semilunar valves C. ESV = SV - EDV D. SV = EDV - ESV |
A. atrioventricular valves
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The p wave represents the depolarization of the atria
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T OR F
|
T
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QRS complex represents the repolarization of the ventricles
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T OR F
|
F
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Isovolumetric contraction of the atra ensures that equal volumes of blood are ejected from the atria
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T OR F
|
T
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Typical stroke volume is about 70ml
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T OR F
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T
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blood pressure in the right ventricle is close to 0 Hg
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T OR F
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T
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