Anatomy Exam Terms

Front 1

alveoli

Back 1

thin-walled sacs in the lungs that permit the movement of air; they make up the walls of alveolar sacs, or the cluster of grapes that branch off of the bronchioles

Front 2

angioplasty

Back 2

a medical procedure in which vessels occluded by arteriosclerosis are opened; the channel of blood flow is opened

Front 3

antibodies

Back 3

substances produced by the body that destroy or inactivate a specific substance (antigen) that has entered the body

Front 4

atrium

Back 4

technically, it is defined as a chamber or a cavity. It is responsible for receiving blood and sending blood

Front 5

auricle

Back 5

part of the ear attached to the side of the head

Front 6

basophil

Back 6

a form of a granular leukocyte/white blood cell; its pH stain is blue

Front 7

bronchi

Back 7

the branches of the trachea

Front 8

capillary

Back 8

tiny vessels that connect arterioles and venules

Front 9

choroid

Back 9

middle layer of the eyeball that contains a dark pigment to prevent the scattering of incoming light rays

Front 10

cochlea

Back 10

snail shell of structure of similar shape; part of the ear responsible for hearing; connected to the stapes; row of hair cells are called the Organs of Corti

Front 11

conjunctiva

Back 11

mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the sclera (white portion of the eye)

Front 12

cusp

Back 12

the top part of the tooth

Front 13

electroencephalogram

Back 13

graphic representation of voltage changes in brain tissue used to evaluate nerve tissue functions

Front 14

endocrine

Back 14

secreting into the blood or tissue fluid rather than into a duct

Front 15

Endolymph

Back 15

fills the membranous labyrinth of the cochlea

Front 16

Eosinophil

Back 16

white blood cell that is readily stained by eosin

Front 17

Epicardium

Back 17

the inner layer of the pericardium that covers the surface of the heart; it is also called the visceral pericardium

Front 18

Frenulum

Back 18

the thin membrane that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Front 19

Gigantism

Back 19

a condition produced by hypersecretion of growth hormone during the early years of life; results in a child who grows to gigantic size

Front 20

Glomerulus

Back 20

compact cluster; for example, capillaries in the kidneys

Front 21

Glycosuria

Back 21

glucose in the urine, a sign of diabetes mellitus

Front 22

Goiter

Back 22

enlargement of the thyroid gland

Front 23

Heparin

Back 23

naturally-occurring substance that inhibits formation fo a blood clot; has been used as a drug to inhibit clotting

Front 24

Hydrocephalus

Back 24

abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid; “water on the brain.”

Front 25

Hyperopia

Back 25

refractive disorder of the eye caused by a shorter than normal eyeball; farsightedness

Front 26

Ischemia

Back 26

reduced flow of blood to tissue resulting in impairment of cell function

Front 27

Larynx

Back 27

the voice box; located just below the pharynx; the largest piece of cartilage making up the larynx is the thyroid cartilage, commonly known as the “Adam’s Apple.”

Front 28

Leukocyte

Back 28

white blood cells

Front 29

Lumen

Back 29

the hollow space within a tube

Front 30

Meningitis

Back 30

inflammation of the meninges caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial infection, mycosis, viral infection, and tumors

Front 31

Myocardium

Back 31

the cardiac tissue that each of the heart chambers is made up of

Front 32

Myopia

Back 32

refractive disorder of the eye caused by an elongated eyeball; nearsightedness. (p. 280)

Front 33

Necrosis

Back 33

refers to the death of cells in a tissue, often resulting in ischemia (reduced blood flow). (p. 387)

Front 34

Nephritis

Back 34

general term referring to inflammatory of infectious conditions of renal (kidney) tissue. (p. 546)

Front 35

Neuritis

Back 35

general term referring to nerve inflammation. (p. 255)

Front 36

Otitis

Back 36

general term referring to inflammation or infection of the ear; otitis media involves the middle ear. (p. 289)

Front 37

Pericardium

Back 37

two layered (fibrous and serous) membrane surrounding the heart.

Front 38

Peristalsis

Back 38

the process of food being moved through the digestive tract by wavelike, rhythmic contractions of the stomach and intestines

Front 39

Pharynx

Back 39

an organ of the digestive and respiratory system.

Front 40

Plasma

Back 40

liquid part of blood

Front 41

Proteinuria

Back 41

abnormally high amounts of plasma protein in the urine; usually indicates kidney disease

Front 42

Prothrombin

Back 42

protein found in normal blood that is necessary for blood to clot

Front 43

Pulse

Back 43

alternate expansion and recoil of the blood vessel wall

Front 44

Retina

Back 44

innermost layer of the eye; made up of rods and cones that are responsible for vision

Front 45

Rugae

Back 45

wrinkles or folds in the stomach

Front 46

Sclera

Back 46

white outer coat of the eyeball

Front 47

Seizure

Back 47

sudden burst of abnormal neuron activity thatresults in temporary changes in brain function

Front 48

Spirometer

Back 48

an instrument used to measure the amount of air exchanged in breathing

Front 49

Surfactant

Back 49

a substance covering the surface of the respiratory membrane inside the alveolus; it reduces surface tension and prevents the alveoli from collapsing

Front 50

Systole

Back 50

contraction of the heart

Front 51

Tricuspid

Back 51

the valve located between the right atrium and ventricle

Front 52

Trigone

Back 52

triangular area on the wall of the urinary bladder

Front 53

Uvula

Back 53

cone shaped process hanging down from the soft palate that helps prevent food and liquid from entering the nasal cavities

Front 54

Vein

Back 54

vessel carrying blood toward the heart

Front 55

Ventricle

Back 55

larger and below the atrium; chambers in the heart