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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 main processes of CHO catabolism?
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glycolysis, fermentation, and electron transport chain
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Define: Glycogenesis
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formation of glycogen from glucose molecules.
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Define: Glycogenolysis
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glycogen stored in liver and muscles is converted into glucose -6-Phosphate. Glucagon from the pancreas and Epi from adrenal medulla control glycogenolysis
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Define: Gluconeogenesis
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The process of synthesizing glycogen from non-CHO sources.
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Old blames for Ulcers were aspirin, NSAIDS, smoking, coffee, stress. Ttx includes antibiotics, histamine blockers, and bismuth
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Over 90% of recurrent ulcers are caused by H. Pylori bacteria that break down urea and fill you up w/ ammonia
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Fetal Development of GI tract:
At birth feeding is the most imporant baby activity. Enhanced by rooting reflex, sucking reflex. |
At 3 weeks the gut, mouth, and anus forms. In 8th week the accessory organs have formed. GI tract development is stim. by swallowing amniotic fluid
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With old age comes a decline in GI activity, decrease in peristalsis, and decrease in absorption.
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The most abundant form of lipid in animal & plant foods:
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Triglycerides
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essential fatty acids include:
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Linoleic and Linolenic acid
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Functions of dietary fat:
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helps absorb vitamins..provides energy for cells, myelin sheaths, cell membranes, protective cushioning, insulation & fuel
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Prostaglandins
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Prostaglandins are a type of lipid that comes from linoleic acid via arachidonic acid. It helps with smooth muscle contractions, BP regulation and inflammation
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Diet Requirements for lipids:
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30% of total caloric intake should be fat. Which should consist of no greater than 10% saturated fat, and less than 200mg of cholesterol
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Cholesterol:
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stabilizes membranes, and is precursor of bile salts and steroid hormones.
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Proteins: complete prot. meet amino acid requirements for tissue maintainance and growth. This would include eggs, milk, and meats.
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Incomplete proteins such as legumes, nuts, seeds, grains, and vegetables do not meet the a.a. requirements.
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Use of Amino Acids depends on:
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All-or none rule (all AA's present at same time), adequacy of caloric intake, nitrogen balance, and hormonal control
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Define Vitamins:
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organic compounds needed in small amounts. most act as coenzymes.
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Vitamins synthesized in body:
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D(skin), K(intestinal bacteria, and A....all other vitamins are essential
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Vitamins B & C are water-soluble vitamins and are absorbed in GI tract.
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Vitamins A, D, E, & K are fat-soluble vitamins that bind to ingested lipids & are absorbed w/ their digestion products.
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Define Mineral: inorganic chemical compounds found in nature, salts. THey work with nutrients to ensure proper body functioning.
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Moderate amounts are required for: Ca, P, K, S, Na, Cl, & Mg. The rest are needed in very small amounts.
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Ca, P and Mg salts harden the bones.
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Na & Cl help maintain normal osmolarity, H20 balance, and are essential in nerve/muscle fx.
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