Anatomy Exam 3

Front 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Back 1

The brain and spinal cord, which contain control centers responsible for porcessing and integrating sensory information, planning and coordinating response to stimuli, and providing short-term control over the activities of other systems.

Front 2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Back 2

Neural tissue outside the CNS whose function is to link the CNS with sense organs and other systems.

Front 3

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Back 3

Components of the CNS and PNS that are connected with the control of visceral functions.

Front 4

Nucleus

Back 4

A CNS center with discrete anatomical boundaries.

Front 5

Center

Back 5

A group of neuron cell bodies in the CNS that share a common function.

Front 6

Tract

Back 6

A bundle of axons within the CNS that share a common origin, destination, and function.

Front 7

Column

Back 7

A group of tracts found within a specific region of the spinal cord.

Front 8

Pathways

Back 8

Centers and tracts that connect the brain with other organs and systems in the body.

Front 9

Ganglia

Back 9

An anatomically distinct collection of sensory or motor neuron cell bodies within the PNS.

Front 10

Nerve

Back 10

A bundle of axons in the PNS.

Front 11

Gray Matter

Back 11

Neural tissue dominated by neuron cell bodies.

Front 12

White Matter

Back 12

Neural tissue dominated by myelinated axons.

Front 13

Neural Cortex

Back 13

A layer of grey matter at the surface of the brain.

Front 14

Neuron

Back 14

The basic functional unit of the nervous system; a highly specialized cell; a nerve cell.

Front 15

Sensory Neuron

Back 15

A neuron whose axon carries carries sensory information from the PNS toward the CNS.

Front 16

Motor Neuron

Back 16

A neuron whose axon carries motor commands from the CNS toward the effectors in the PNS.

Front 17

Soma

Back 17

The cell body of a neuron.

Front 18

Dendrites

Back 18

Neuronal processes that are specialized to respond to specific stimuli in the extracellular environment.

Front 19

Axon

Back 19

A long, slender cytoplasmic process of a neuron; axons are capable of conducting nerve impulses (action potentials).

Front 20

Myelin

Back 20

A membranous wrapping, produced by glial cells, that coats axons and increases the speed of action potential propagation.

Front 21

Neuroglia / Glial cells

Back 21

Supporting cells that interact with neurons and regulate the extracellular environments, defense against pathogens and repair.

Front 22

Receptor

Back 22

A specialed cell, dendrite, or organ that responds to specific stimuli in the extracellular environment and whose stimulation alters the level of activity in a sensory neuron.

Front 23

Effector

Back 23

A muscle, gland, or other specialized cell or organ that responds to neural stimulation by altering its activity and producing a specific effect.

Front 24

Reflex

Back 24

A rapid, stereotyped response to a specific stimulus.

Front 25

Somatic

Back 25

Pertaining to the control of skeletal muscle activity or sensory information from skeletal muscles, tendons and joints.

Front 26

Visceral

Back 26

Pertaining to the control of functions, such as digestion, circulation or sensory information from visceral organs.

Front 27

Voluntary

Back 27

Under direct conscious control.

Front 28

Involuntary

Back 28

Not under direct conscious control.

Front 29

Subconscious

Back 29

Pertaining to centers in the brain that operate outside a person's conscious awareness.

Front 30

Action Potentials

Back 30

Sudden, transient changes in the membrane potential that are propagated along the surface of an axon or sarcolemma.

Front 31

Nissl bodies

Back 31

Clusters of RER and free ribosomes in neuron.

Front 32

Terminal boutons

Back 32

Affect another neuron or effector organ.

Front 33

Ganglia

Back 33

Bundle of nerve cell bodies in PNS.

Front 34

Peripheral nerves

Back 34

Axons bundled in PNS by connective tissue.