Anatomy Exam 2 - Skull

Front 1

bones of the neurocranium

Back 1

paired - parietal, temporal
unpaired - frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

Front 2

bones of the viscerocranium

Back 2

paired - lacrimal, nasal, maxilla, zygomatic, palatine, inferior nasal concha
unpaired - mandible, vomer

Front 3

major functions of the neurocranium

Back 3

-protection of the brain, brainstem
-assurance of a physiologic environment
-optimal access to primary sensory modalities
-pathways for entrance/exit of nerves and vessels
-vascular pressure equalization between the internal and external circulation
-deformation/restoration capability for birth and growth in early life

Front 4

major functions of the viscerocranium

Back 4

-optimal framework for primary sensory function within behavioral niche
-framework for human facial expression and reproduction sensation
-framework for functional cavities
-framework for access to internal and external arterial supply and venous drainage
-framework for primary nutritional access, including the support for a precise occlusion of the maxillary and mandibular dentition
-protection from the most likely forces

Front 5

anatomical position of the skull

Back 5

straight horizontal line from the superior aspect of the external acoustic meatus to the inferior margin of the orbit

Front 6

goes through parietal foramen

Back 6

emissary v

Front 7

function of emissary veins

Back 7

for the three-tiered venous pressure equalization system of the skull
-emissaries between internal outflow and external veins

Front 8

what is in the sella turcica

Back 8

pituitary gland

Front 9

in cribiform plate

Back 9

olfactory n CN I

Front 10

in optic canal

Back 10

optic n CN II

Front 11

in superior orbital fissure

Back 11

oculomotor n CN III
trochlear n CN IV
opthalmic div of trigeminal CN V
abducens CN VI
superior opthalmic v

Front 12

in foramen rotundum

Back 12

maxillary division of trigeminal CN V

Front 13

in foramen ovale

Back 13

mandibular division of trigeminal CN V

Front 14

in foramen spinosum

Back 14

middle meningeal a

Front 15

in foramen lacerum

Back 15

nothing

Front 16

in jugular foramen

Back 16

glossopharyngeal n CN IX
vagus n CN X
spinal accessory n CN XI
internal jugular v

Front 17

in hypoglossal canal

Back 17

hypoglossal n CN XII

Front 18

in internal auditory meatus

Back 18

facial n CN VII
vestibulocochlear n CN VIII

Front 19

in carotid canal

Back 19

internal carotid a

Front 20

in incisive canal

Back 20

emissary v

Front 21

in greater palatine foramen

Back 21

greater palatine n

Front 22

attaches to styloid process

Back 22

styloglossus m
stylopharyngeus m
stylohyoid m
stylomandibular ligament
stylomastoid a (from post. auricular a)

Front 23

in stylomastoid foramen

Back 23

motor division of facial n CN VII

Front 24

attaches to groove for the digastric

Back 24

digastric m

Front 25

attaches to mastoid process

Back 25

SCM
splenius capitis
longissimus capits

Front 26

in condylar foramen

Back 26

emissary v

Front 27

in mastoid foramen

Back 27

emissary v

Front 28

attaches to the inferior nuchal ridge

Back 28

oblique capitis superior
rectus capitis posterior major
rectus capitis posterior minor

Front 29

attaches to the superior nuchal ridge

Back 29

SCM
occipitalis
spelnius capitis

Front 30

attaches to the pharyngeal tubercle

Back 30

superior pharyngeal constrictor m

Front 31

6 fontanelles

Back 31

anterior
posterior
sphenoidal (2)
mastoid (2)

Front 32

rapid growth of the cranium coincides with

Back 32

rapid growth of the brain

Front 33

maxillary and mandibular growth coincides with

Back 33

eruption of primary teeth

Front 34

fibrous sutures permit growth of

Back 34

the calvaria

Front 35

premature saggital suture closure

Back 35

scaphocephaly

Front 36

premature closure of coronal, lambdoidal or all sutures

Back 36

oxycephaly

Front 37

premature closure of coronal and lambdoid sutures on one side of the skull

Back 37

plagiocephaly

Front 38

premature metopic suture craniosynostosis

Back 38

trigonocephaly

Front 39

most common craniosynostosis

Back 39

scaphocephaly

Front 40

scaphocephaly features

Back 40

a long narrow head that resembles an inverted boat

Front 41

the most severe of the craniosynostosis

Back 41

oxycecephaly "high-head syndrome"

Front 42

features of plagiocephaly

Back 42

asymmetrical distortion "diamond shaped"

Front 43

features of trigonocephaly

Back 43

triangular shaped forehead, eyes may appear closer together

Front 44

Le Fort I fracture

Back 44

horizontal fracture of the alveolar process of the maxilla
-teeth are usually contained in the detached portion of the bone

Front 45

Le Fort II fracture

Back 45

unilateral or bilateral fracture of the maxilla
-the body of the maxilla is separated from the facial skeleton and the separated portion is pyramidal in shape

Front 46

Le Fort III fracture

Back 46

a fracture in which the entire maxilla and one or more facial bones are completely separated from the craniofacial skeleton