Anatomy Exam 1 Clinical Terms Chapter 1-4

Front 1

one of the four divisions of the abdominal surface

Back 1

abdominopelvic quadrant

Front 2

one of the nine divisions of the abdominal surface

Back 2

abdominopelvic region

Front 3

an imaging technique that reconstructs the 3D structure of the body

Back 3

CT, CAT (computerized (axial) tomography)

Front 4

a decision about the nature of an illness

Back 4

diagnosis

Front 5

a failure of the body to maintain homeostatic conditions

Back 5

disease

Front 6

an imaging technique that employs a magnetic field and radio waves to portray subtle structural differences

Back 6

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

Front 7

the formal name for the study of disease

Back 7

pathology

Front 8

a physician who specializes in performing and analyzing diagnostic imaging procedures

Back 8

radiologist

Front 9

an imaging technique that uses brief bursts of high frequency sound reflected by internal structures

Back 9

ultrasound

Front 10

high energy radiation that can penetrate living tissue

Back 10

x-rays

Front 11

a mass or swelling in which the cells remain in a connective tissue capsule; rarely life threatening

Back 11

benign tumor

Front 12

an illness characterized by malignant cells

Back 12

cancer

Front 13

an environmental factor that stimulates the conversion of a normal cell to a cancer cell

Back 13

carcinogen

Front 14

the condition of an individual born with genes that increase the likelihood of a specific disease

Back 14

hereditary predisposition

Front 15

a mass or swelling in which the cells no longer respond to normal control mechanisms, but divide rapidly

Back 15

malignant tumor

Front 16

the spread of malignant cells into surrpounding and distant tissues and organs

Back 16

metastasis

Front 17

a factor that can damage DNA strands and sometimes cause chromosomal breakage, stimulating the development of cancer cells

Back 17

mutagen

Front 18

a cancer causing gene created by a somatic mutation in a normal gene involved with growth, differentiation, or cell division

Back 18

oncogene

Front 19

a mass or swelling produced by abnormal cell growth and division

Back 19

tumor (neoplasm)

Front 20

gene that suppress mitosis and growth in normal cells

Back 20

tumor suppressing genes (TSG) or antioncogenes

Front 21

restrictive fibrous connections that can result from surgery, infection, or other injuries to serous membranes

Back 21

adhesions

Front 22

an irreversible change in the size and shape of tissue cells

Back 22

anaplasia

Front 23

an accumulation or peritoneal fluid that creates a characteristic abdominal swelling

Back 23

ascites

Front 24

the administration of drugs that either kill cancerous tissues or prevent mitotic divisions

Back 24

chemotherapy

Front 25

a change in the normal shape, size, and organization of tissue cells

Back 25

dysplasia

Front 26

the accumulation of fluid in body cavitities

Back 26

effusion

Front 27

the administration of drugs that help the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells

Back 27

immunotherapy

Front 28

a surgical procedure to remove unwanted adipose tissue by sucking it through a tube

Back 28

liposuction

Front 29

a structural change that alters the character of a tissue

Back 29

metaplasia

Front 30

physicians who specialize in identifying and treating cancers

Back 30

oncologists

Front 31

physicians who specialize in the diagnosis of diseases, prmiarily from an examination of body fluids, tissue samples, and other anatomical clues

Back 31

pathologists

Front 32

an inflammation of the pericardium

Back 32

pericarditis

Front 33

an inflammation of the peritoneum

Back 33

peritonitis

Front 34

the site at which a cancer initially develops

Back 34

primary tumor

Front 35

a stage in which a tumor stops growing or grows smaller; the goal of cancer treatment

Back 35

remission

Front 36

a colony of cancerous cells formed by metastasis, the spread of cells from a primary tumor

Back 36

secondary tumor

Front 37

a sebaceous gland inflammation caused by an accumulation of secretions

Back 37

acne

Front 38

a malignant tumor that originates in the stratum germinativum. this is the most common skin cancer, and roughly two thirds of these cancers appear in areas subjected to chronic UV exposure. Metastasis rarely occurs.

Back 38

basal cell carcinoma

Front 39

a birthmark caused by a tumor in the capillaries of the papillary layer of the dermis. It usually enlarges after birth, but subsequently fades and disappears

Back 39

capillary hemangioma

Front 40

a birthmark caused by a tumor affecting larger vessels in the dermis. Such birthmarks usually last a lifetime.

Back 40

cavernous hemangioma

Front 41

a dermatitis usually caused by strong chemical irritants. It produces an itchy rash that may spread to other areas if scratching distributes the chemical agent. poison ivy is an example

Back 41

contact dermatitis

Front 42

a pulling together of the edges of a wound during the healing process

Back 42

contraction

Front 43

ulcers that occur in areas subjected to restricted circulation, especially common in bedridden people

Back 43

decubitis ulcers

Front 44

an inflammation of the skin that involves primarily the papillary region of the dermis

Back 44

dermatitis

Front 45

a localized dermatitis caused by a combination of moisture, irritating chemicals from fecal or urinary wastes, and flourishing microorganisms

Back 45

diaper rash

Front 46

a dermatitis that can be triggered by temperature changes, fungus, chemical irritants, greases, detergents, or stress, and that can be related to hereditary or environmental factofrs

Back 46

eczema

Front 47

a widespread inflammation of the dermis caused by bacterial infection

Back 47

erysipelas

Front 48

redness due to capillary dilation

Back 48

erythema

Front 49

a combination of fibrin, fibroplacts, and capillaries that form during tissue repair following inflammation

Back 49

granulation tissue

Front 50

a neede used to administer drugs via subcutaneous injections

Back 50

hypodermic needle

Front 51

a thickened area of scar tissue covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface. keloids most often develop on the upper back, shoulders, anterior chest, and earlobes in dark skilled individuals

Back 51

keloid

Front 52

a skin cancer originating in malignant melanocytes. a potentially fatal metastasis often occurs.

Back 52

malignant melanoma

Front 53

a circumscribed solid elevation up to 100 cm in diameter on the skin

Back 53

papule

Front 54

a painless condition characterized by rapid stem cell divisions in the stratum germinativum of the scalp, elbows, palm, soles, groin, and nails. affected areas appear dry and scaly

Back 54

psoriasis

Front 55

a fibrin clot that forms at the surface of a wound to the skin

Back 55

scab

Front 56

an inflammation around abnormally active sebaceous glands

Back 56

seborrheic dermatitis

Front 57

a dangerous widespread bacterial infection. the leading cause of death in burn patients

Back 57

sepsis

Front 58

traslplantation of a section of skin to cover an extensive injury site, such as a third degree burn

Back 58

skin graft

Front 59

a less common form of skin cancer almost totally restricted to areas of sun exposed skin. metastasis seldom occurs except in advanced tumors

Back 59

squamous cell carcinoma

Front 60

an extensive dermatitis resulting from an allergic reaction to food, drugs, an insect bite, infection, stress or other stimulus. (hives)

Back 60

urticaria

Front 61

a small circumscrdibed elevation of the skin containing fluid

Back 61

vesicle

Front 62

"dry skin" a common complaint of older people and almost anyone living in an arid climate.

Back 62

xerosis