Anatomy Exam 1

Front 1

Abduction (upward rotation scapula)

Back 1

*Trap ascending and descending, *serratus anterior, middle deltoid, supraspinatus

Front 2

Adduction (downward rotation scapula)

Back 2

*Lats, levator scapulae, pec minor, pec major, teres major, rhomboids

Front 3

Elevates scapula

Back 3

*Trap descending, levator scapulae, rhomboids

Front 4

Depresses scapula

Back 4

Traps ascending, Lats, serratus anterior, pec minor, *gravity

Front 5

Protracts scapula

Back 5

Pec minor, pec major, *serratus anterior

Front 6

Retracts scapula

Back 6

*Trap middle, rhomboid, lat

Front 7

Flexes humerus

Back 7

Pec major (CH), anterior deltoid

Front 8

Extends humerus

Back 8

Lat, posterior deltoid, pec major (SCH)

Front 9

Medial rotation

Back 9

Pec major, lat, anterior deltoid, teres major, subscapularis

Front 10

Lateral rotation

Back 10

Posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor

Front 11

lateral pectoral nerve

Back 11

Pec Major (C5, *C6)

Front 12

Medial Pectoral Nerve

Back 12

Pec Major ( *C7, *C8, T1)

Pec Minor (C8, T1)

Front 13

Nerve to Subclavius

Back 13

Subclavius (*C5, C6)

Front 14

Long Thoracic Nerve

Back 14

Serratus Anterior (C5, *C6, *C7)

Front 15

Spinal Accessory Nerve

Back 15

Trapezius (also cervical C3, C4)

Front 16

Thoracodorsal Nerve

Back 16

Latissimus Dorsi (*C6, *C7, C8)

Front 17

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

Back 17

Levator Scapulae (C4, C5 also cervical nerves C3, C4)

Rhomboids (C4, *C5)

Front 18

Axillary Neve

Back 18

Deltoid (*C5, C6)

Teres Minor (*C5, C6)

Front 19

Suprascapular Nerve

Back 19

Supraspinatus (C4, *C5, C6)

Infraspinatus (*C5, C6)

Front 20

Lower Subscapular Nerve

Back 20

Teres Major (C5, *C6)

Subscapularis (C5, *C6, C7) (and upper subscapular nerve!)

Front 21

dermatome

Back 21

slices of skin that are innervated by a certain nerve root

Front 22

myotome

Back 22

movement derived from mostly one single nerve,

ex: elbow extension primarily C&

Front 23

posterior triangle of neck

Back 23

trap, clavicle, and sternocleidomastiod, communicates with axillary triangle, where brachial plexus nerve roots come out between scalene muscles

Front 24

sternoclavicular joint

Back 24

very mobile, shallow socket and rounded head, fibrocatilage disk for shock absorption, do not typically dislocate

Front 25

acromioclavicular joint

Back 25

commonly injured (separated shoulder), synovial joint, many ligaments needed to hold together because it is very shallow, coracoclavicular ligament most important in stabilization

Front 26

Slap lesion

Back 26

glenoid labrum gets pulled off glenoid cavity by bicep

Front 27

bankhart lesion

Back 27

inferior anterior labral tear, can be due to humeral dislocation

Front 28

hill-sacks lesion

Back 28

depression in posterolateral head due to dislocation

Front 29

triangle of ausculation

Back 29

near rib 6 and 7, formed by teres major, infraspinatus, lat and inferior trap, medial border of scapula

Front 30

Borders of the Axilla

Back 30

anterior wall: calvicle subclavius, pec minor and pec major

posterior wall: scapula, subscapularis

posterior fold: lat and teres major

medial: ribcage, intercostal muscles, serratus anterior

Front 31

medial brachial cutaneous nerve

Back 31

innervates skin on upper arm, no muscles

Front 32

medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

Back 32

innervates skin on forearm, no muscles

Front 33

musculocutanteous nerve

Back 33

innervates coracobrachialis, bicep and brachialis also becomes cutaneous nerve of lateral forearm

Front 34

Herb's Palsy

Back 34

superior brachial plexus lesion (C5, C6), SAM the waiter wants a tip, caused by head flexion

S: suprascapular nerve

A: axillary

M: musculocutaneous

arm will be adduced and palm facing posterior (medially rotated and pronated), weak elbow flexion

Front 35

unopposed action

Back 35

limbs will bend toward muscle with most tone, think WEAK muscles

ex: weak tricep will cause unopposed bicep flexion

Front 36

backpackers palsy

Back 36

damage to superior trunk, similiar to herb's palsy

Front 37

lateral cord lesion

Back 37

ex: carry golf bag led to impingement of lateral pec nerve and atrophied muscle

Front 38

posterior cord lesion

Back 38

impingement at back of armpit, usually radial nerve damage (Crutch Palsy), loss of wrist and elbow extension, sometimes axillary nerve damage aka Saturday Night Palsy

Front 39

Lower Root Injuries

Back 39

typically C8 and T1 sometimes C7, opposite of Herb's palsy in mechanism (caused by head stretch), primarily ulnar nerve damage, lose movement of hand (adduction/abduction), chronic leads to claw hand, extensors atrophy

Front 40

Horner's Syndrome

Back 40

sometimes correlated with Brachial Plexus Lesions, some sympathetic nerves from spinal nerves travel to neck and can simultaneously be impinged, ptosis (droopy eye), miosis (tiny pupil), usually unilateral, anhydrosis (one side will not sweat)

Front 41

superficial muscles affected by whip lash

Back 41

collectively suprahyoid and infrahyoid ("strap muscles": omohyoid, sternohyoid, stylohyoid, thyrohyoid, sterothyroid

Front 42

Subclavian Artery Off-shoots

Back 42

thyrocervical trunk, supra scapular artery, transverse cervical, dorsal scapular

Front 43

Part 1 of Axillary Artery

Back 43

superior thoracic artery

Front 44

Part 2 of Axillary Artery

Back 44

Thoracoacromical artery (clavicular, acromion, deltoid, pectoral braches), lateral thoracic artery

Front 45

Part 3 of Axillary Artery

Back 45

subscapular artery (branches to thoracodorsal and cirumflex scapular artery), anterior circumflex humeral artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery

Front 46

Brachial Artery

Back 46

splits into radial and ulnar arteries, profunda brachii: goes round back of humerus and splits into ulnar and radial collateral arteries

Front 47

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Back 47

compression of neurovascular bundle in axilla, typically ulnar nerve, can be caused by working overhead

Causes:

- Scalene 1st rib syndrome

- Costocalvicular Syndrome
- Pec Minor Syndrome (head forward posture, pec minor shortens, scapular protracted)

Symptoms: tingling in fingers weaknesses, sometimes painful

Front 48

C4 Myotome

Back 48

shoulder shrug

Front 49

C5 Myotome

Back 49

abduction

Front 50

C6 myotome

Back 50

elbow flexion

Front 51

C7 myotome

Back 51

elbow extension

Front 52

C8 myotome

Back 52

thumb extension

Front 53

T1 myotome

Back 53

finger abduction

Front 54

C4 dermatome

Back 54

top of shoulder

Front 55

C5 dermatome

Back 55

Upper arm thumb side

Front 56

C6 dermatome

Back 56

thumb side of upperarm to thumb

Front 57

C7 dermtome

Back 57

middle finger

Front 58

C8 dermatome

Back 58

pink side of hand to pinky

Front 59

T1 dermatome

Back 59

pinky side of forearm

Front 60

T2 dermatome

Back 60

pinky side of upper arm

Front 61

T3 dermatome

Back 61

armpit

Front 62

cause of winged scapula

Back 62

injured serratus anterior or long thoracic nerve

Front 63

omohyoid origin

Back 63

inferior belly: superior border of scapula near scapular notch and suprascapular ligaments

superior belly: from tendon of inferior belly near sternocleidomastoid

Front 64

insertion of omohyoid

Back 64

inferior bely: ends as a tendon

superior belly: lower border of yoid bone

Front 65

action of omohyoid

Back 65

depresses and retracts hyoid bone, retracts larynx

Front 66

innervation of omohyoid

Back 66

ansa cervicalis C2, C3

Front 67

scalenus anterior origin

Back 67

anterior tubercule of transverse processes of C3-C6

Front 68

scalenus anterior insertion

Back 68

scalene tubercule on inner border and upper surface of 1str ib

Front 69

scalenus anterior action

Back 69

bends cervical protion of vertebral column forward and contralaterally asists in elevation of 1st rib

Front 70

innervation of scalenus anterior

Back 70

ventral rami of C4-C6

Front 71

scalenus medius origin

Back 71

posterior tubercule of transverse processes of C2-C7 vertebrae

Front 72

insertion of scalenus medius

Back 72

upper surface of first rib

Front 73

action of scalenus medius

Back 73

raises first rib acting from above, acting from below flexes head isilaterally and contralaterally rotates

Front 74

innervation of scalenus medius

Back 74

ventral rami of C3-C8 nerves

Front 75

scalenus posterior origin

Back 75

posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C4-C6 vertebrae

Front 76

insertion of scalenus posterior

Back 76

outer surface of second rib

Front 77

action of scalenus posterior

Back 77

raises second rib, when rib fixed bends neck ipsilaterally and contralaterally rotates

Front 78

innervation of scalenus posterior

Back 78

ventral rami of C6-C8 nerves

Front 79

platysma origin

Back 79

subcutaneous fascia covering the pec major and deltoid

Front 80

insertion of platysma

Back 80

lower margin of mandible and subcutaneous fascia and muscles of jaw and mouth

Front 81

innervation of platysma

Back 81

cervical branch of facial nerve VII

Front 82

action of platysma

Back 82

weakly draws down lower lip and depresses mandible

Front 83

sternocleidomastoid origin

Back 83

sternal head: manubrium of sternum

clavicular head: superior border of medial 1/3 of clavicle

Front 84

insertion of sternocleidomastoid

Back 84

mastoid process and lateral 1/2 of superior nuchal line

Front 85

action of sternocleidomastoid

Back 85

one side acting: ipsilateral neck bend and contralateral rotation

both sides acting: flexes neck or when neck is fixed raises thorax in forced breathing

Front 86

innervation of sternocleidomastoid

Back 86

accessory nerve

Front 87

longus capitis origin

Back 87

anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of 3rd-6th cervical vertebrae

Front 88

longus capitis insertion

Back 88

basilar process of occipital bone anterior to foramen magnum

Front 89

action of longus capitis

Back 89

flexes cervical vertebrae and head

Front 90

innervation of longus capitis

Back 90

c1-c4

Front 91

longus colli origin

Back 91

superior oblique: transverse processes of C3-C5

medial: anterior surfaces of the bodies of the 1st 3 thoracic and lower 3 cervical vertebrae

inferior: anterior surface of the bodies of the 1st 2 or 3 thoracic vertebrae

Front 92

longus colli insertion

Back 92

supierior: anterior arch of atlas

medial: anterior surface of C2-C4 vertebrae

inferior: transverse processes of C5-C6 vertebrae

Front 93

action of longus colli

Back 93

all 3 parts flex neck, oblique portion bends laterally, inferior contralaterally rotates

Front 94

innervation of longus colli

Back 94

c2-c7

Front 95

rectus capitis anterior origin

Back 95

anterior base of tranverse process of atlas

Front 96

insertion of rectus capitis anterior

Back 96

occipital bone anterior to foramen magnum

Front 97

action of rectus capitis anterior

Back 97

flexes head

Front 98

innervation of rectus capitis anterior

Back 98

c1-c2

Front 99

rectus capitis lateralis origin

Back 99

transverse process of atlas

Front 100

rectus capitis lateralis insertion

Back 100

jugular process of occipital bone

Front 101

action of rectus capitis lateralis

Back 101

bends head laterally

Front 102

innervation of rectus capitis lateralis

Back 102

c1-c2

Front 103

quadrangular space

Back 103

lateral and long head tricep, deltoid, teres major, teres minor : axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral come through

Front 104

lumbar triangle

Back 104

lats, external abdominal oblique, illiac crest