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134 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anatomy
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Study of Structure
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microscopic anatomy
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stuctures not visible to the unaided eye
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cytology
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cells of the body and their internal structure
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histology
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tissues formed by cells and cell produts
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gross anatomy
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body structures observable to the naked eye
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developmental anatomy
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structural chanes to the body between conception and maturation
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embryology
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origin and development of the organism from fertilization of the oocyte until birth
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pathologic anatomy
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characteristic changes that occur during illness
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radiographic anatomy
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gross anatomy of all structures, external and internal, in one region of the body
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surface anatomy
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superficial anatomic markings & gross anatomy of internal stuctures relative to overlying skin surface
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Surgical anatomy
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anatomic landmarks used prior to surgery
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systemic anatomy
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gross anatomy of all the componenets of an organ system
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Structual organization of the body (hierarchy)
(chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism level) |
Atoms- smalles unit of matter
Molecules- 2 or more atoms combined (H2O) Cells-large molecules joined in a specific way Tissues-groups of similar cells with a common funtion Organs- contain 2 or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions organism- |
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Characteristics of living things
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Organization- structure & order
Metabolism- chemical RXN Growth & development- Responsiveness- to changes Regulation-homeostasis Reproduction-produce new cells |
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Integumentary System
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Hair, skin, and associated glands
provides protection, regilates body temp., site of cutaneous receptors, sysnthesizes vit. D, prevents H2O loss |
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Skeletal System
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Upper and Lower limb bones, skull, knee joint Sternum, rib, cartilage, vertebrae, sacrum
provides support and protection, site of hemopoiesis (blood cell production), stores Ca & P, allows body movement |
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Muscular System
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Sartorius, frontalis, pectoralis major muscles, aponeurosis, tendons
produces body movement, generates heat when muscles contract |
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Nervous System
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Sense organ (eye), CNS, PNS, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
regulatory system that controls body movement, responds to senory stimuli, helps control all other systems of the body. responsible for consciousness, intellignece, memory |
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Endocrine System
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Hypothalmus, pineal body, pituitary, thyrois, parathyroid, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, kidney, testes, ovaries
consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones, some which regulate body and cellular growth, chemical levels in the body, & reproduction functions |
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Cardiovascular System
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Capillaries, heart, veins, arteries
consists of a pump (<3)that moves blood through blood vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, & gases, & pick up waste products |
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Lymphatic system
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Tonsils, thymus, thoracic duct, cervical LN, axillary LN, spleen, inguinal LN, popliteal LN, lymphatic vessel
transports and filters lymph (interstitial fluid) & initiates response when necessary |
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Respiratory system
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Nasal cavity, nose, trachea, bronchi, lungs, pharynx (throat), larynx
responsible for the exchane of gases (O2, CO2) between blood & the air in the lungs |
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digestive system
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oral cavity (mouth), salivary glands, esophagus, liver stomach, large and small Intestine
mechanically and chemically digests food materials, absobs nutrients, and expels waste products |
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Urinary system
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kidney, bladder, urethra, ureter
filters blood and removes waste products from the blood, concentrates waste products in the form of urine and expels urine from the body |
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Male Reproductive system
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ductus deferens, prostate gland, urethra, testis, scrotum, seminal vesicle, epididymis, penis
produes male sex cells (sperm) and male hormones (testosterone), tranfers sperm to the female |
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Female reproductive system
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mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina, urerine tube, external genitalia (clitoris, labia)
produces femal sex cells (oocytes) and femal hormones (estrogen), receives sperm from male, site of fertilization of oocyte, site of growth and devlopment of embryo & fetus |
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Anatomic Position
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specific body position in which an individual stands upright w/ the feet parallel and flat on the floor. arms are at eight side with the palms facing forward.
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Section
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actual cut or slice to expose the internal anatomy
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plane
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imaginary flat surface passing through the body
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3 Major planes
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Coronal- divides into anterior/posterior
Transverse-inferior/superior sagittal- left and right halves |
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oblique plane
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passes through the specimen @ an angle
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Anterior
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in front of; toward the front surface
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Posterior
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in back of; toward the back surface
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Dorsal
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at the back side
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Ventral
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at the belly side
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Cranial
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at the head end
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Caudal
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at the tail end or rear
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superior
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toward the head or above
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Inferior
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toward the feet or below
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medial
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toward the midline of the body
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lateral
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away from the midline of the body
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deep
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on the inside, underneath another structure
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superficial
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on the outside
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promixal
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closest to the point of attachment to trunk
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distal
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furthest from point of attachment to trunk
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axial region includes which strucures
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head, neck and trunk.
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appendicular region includes wich structures
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limbs, appendages, attach to the body's axis
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cephaic
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situated or directed toward the head
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intermediate
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being or situated between 2 points
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parietal
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lines the internal surface of the body wall
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visceral
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covers the external surface of organs within the cavity
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central
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middle, midline
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Peripheral
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next to midline or central
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abdominal
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region inferior to the thorax and superior to the hip bones
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antebrachial
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forearm (upper limb between the elbow and the wrist)
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Antecubital
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region in front of the elbow
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axillary
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armpit
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brachial
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arm (upper limb between the elbow and the shoulder)
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buccal
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cheek
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calcaneal
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heel of foot
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carpal
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wrist
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cervical
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neck
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cranial
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skull
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coxal
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hip
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crural
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leg
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deltoid
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shoulder
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digital
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finger or toes (phalanges)
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dorsal
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back
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facial
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face
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femoral
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thigh
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frontal
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forehead
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gluteal
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buttock
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hallux
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great toe
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inguinal
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groin
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lumbar
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loin
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mammary
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breast
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manus
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hand
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mental
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chin
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nasal
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nose
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occiptial
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posterior base of hand
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olecranal
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posterior of elbow
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oral
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mouth
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orbital
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eye
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palmar
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palm of hand
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patellar
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kneecap
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pelvic
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pelvis
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perianal
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region between the anus and the external reproductive organs
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pes
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foot
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plantar
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sole of foot
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pollex
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thumb
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popiteal
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area posterior to the knee
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pubic
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anterior region of the pelvis
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sacral
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posterior region between the hip bones
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scapular
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shoulder blade
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sternal
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middle of thorax, anteriorly
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sural
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calf
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tarsal
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ankle
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thoracic
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chest of thorax
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umbilical
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navel
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vertebral
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spinal column
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mediastium
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median space in the thoracic cavity
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9 regions of the abdominopelvic area
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R and L hypochondriac
R and L iliac R and L lumbar Hypo and epigastic umbilical region |
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epigastic region
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part of the liver, stomach, the duodenum, pancreas and both adrenal glands
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umbilical region
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transverse colon, part of the SI, branches of blood vessels to lower limbs
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hypogastric region
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past of SI, bladder, and the sigmoid colon of LI
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R and L hypochondriac regions
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R-part of the live, gallbladder and the right kidney
L-part of the stomach, spleen, left colic flexure of the LI, and part of the L kidney |
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R and L lumbar regions
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R-ascending colon, and the R colic flexure of the LI, superior part of the cecum, part of the R kidney, and SI
L-descending colon, part of L kidney, part of SI |
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R and L iliac regions
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R-inferior end of the cecum, appendix, part of SI
L-junction parts of the colon, part of SI |
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Alveolus
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small cavity or hollow
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ampulla
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small dilated portion of a cavity
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apex
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pointed are
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capsule
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outer cover or wall
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cortex
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outer part of a structure
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evagination
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protrusion or buldging of a wall or structure
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extremity
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end portion; the limit of a part
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follicle
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small secreting cavity or sac
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germ
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an offshoot or bud
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invagination
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inward buldging of a wall
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lamella
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thin plate or layer
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lumen
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space within a tube
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papilla
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small protuberance or elevation
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sinus
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hollow area or cavity, a narrow opening
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stroma
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tissue that forms the support or frameworkof an organ
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vesicle
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small saclike structure containing fluid
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vestibular
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small cavity or dilated region at the beginning of a passageway
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villus
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small fingerlike projection
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viscera
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pertaining to the organs of the body cavities
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chimera
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lion with extra goat head and snake tail
female, natural disaster |
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griffin
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lion body with eagle head and wings
symbol of divine power |
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Harpies
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man with bird legs and wings, holding srrows
winged death spirit or life |
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Medusa
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female snake head
goddess, wouls turn you to stone with one look |
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phoenix
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eagle from flames
dies in flames reborn in ashes |
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sirens
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mermaid
would play musice to attrack sailors, wruck ship and eat the sailors |
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sphinx
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lion body, human head, with wings
guardians of egyptian sanctuaries |