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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics of living things:
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organization
responsiveness growth reproduction movement metabolism&excreation |
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responsiveness:
Irritability- adapatbility- |
-respond to the environment
-organisms make long term changes over time |
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Movement:
internal- external- |
transport of things like blood etc
movement in the environment |
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metabolism
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all chem. reactions that occur in the body
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respiration
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absorption, transport & use of oxygen by the body
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excretion
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removal of waste
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Levels of organization
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chemical
cellular tissue organ organ system organism |
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Integumentry system
major organs (4) |
skin
hair nails sweat glands |
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Integumentry system
functions (3) |
-protects against the environment
-regulates body temp -sensory information |
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Skeletal System
Major Organs (4) |
Bones
cartilage ligaments bone marrow |
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Skeletal System (3)
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-provides support
-stores calcium -forms blood cells |
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Muscular system
major organs (2) |
Muscles
tendons |
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Muscular System
Functions (3) |
-provides movement
-provides protection and support -generates heat and maintains body temp |
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Nervous system
Major organs (4) |
brain
spinal cord peripheral nerves sense organs |
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Nervous system
functions (3) |
-directs responses
-coordinates and moderates activities of organ systems -provides and interperates sensory info about external conditions |
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endocrine system
major organs (6) |
pituitary
thyroid pancreas adrenal gonads endocrine tissues |
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endocrine system
functions (3) |
-directs long term changes
-adjusts metabolic activity and energy -controls structural and functional changes during development |
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cardiovascular system
major organs (3) |
heart
blood blood vessels |
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cardiovascular system
functions (2) |
-distributes blood
-distributes heat |
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lymphatic system
major organs (5) |
spleen
thymus lymphatic vessels lymph nodes tonsils |
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lymphatic system
functions (2) |
-defends against disease
-returns tissue fluids to the blood stream |
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respritory system
major organs (7) |
nasal cavity
sinuses larynx trachea bronchi lungs alveoli |
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respritory system
functions (4) |
-devlivers air to alveoli
-provides oxygen to blood stream -removes carbon dioxide from blood -produces sounds for communication |
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digestive system
major organs (10) |
teeth
tongue pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine liver gallbladder pancreas |
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digestive system
functions (4) |
-process and digest food
-absorb and conserve water -absorb nutrients -store energy reserves |
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urinary system
major organs (4) |
kidneys
ureters urinary bladder urethra |
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urinary system
functions (4) |
-excretes water products from bood
-controls water balance by regulating volume or urine -stores urine prior to voluntary elimination -regulates blood ion concentrations and pH |
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Homeostatic regultion:
receptor |
recognizes changes
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Homeostatic regultion:
control center |
recieves and processes information
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Homeostatic regultion:
effector |
cell or organ that responds
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Auto regulation (intrinsic regulation)
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automatic adjustment inresponse to some environmental change
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extrinsic regulation
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nervous system: rapid shortterm response
endocrine system: relies on chemical messengers; slows it and is long lasting |
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negative feedback
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primary mechanism
opposes stimulus |
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positive feedback
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enhances change
pos feedback are accelerating loops |
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blood clotting: positive or negative feedback?
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positives. accelerates clotting until a blood clot forms and stops bleeding
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cephalon
cephalic region |
head
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cervicis
cervical region |
neck
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thoracis
thoracic region |
chest
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brachium
brachial region |
arm
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antebrachium
antebrachial region |
forearm
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carpus
carpal region |
wrist
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manus
manual region |
hand
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abdomen
abdominal region |
abdomen
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lumbus
lumbar region |
loin
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gluteus
gluteal region |
butt
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pelvis
pelvic region |
pelvis
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pubis
pubic region |
anterior pelvis
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ingune
inguinal region |
groin
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femur
femoral region |
thigh
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crus
crural region |
anterior leg
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sura
sural region |
calf
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tarsus
tarsal region |
ankle
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pes
pedal region |
foot
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planta
plantar region |
sole of the foot
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anterior
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the front
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ventral
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belly side
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posterior/dorsal
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the back
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cranial
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head
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superior
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above/at a higher level
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caudal
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the tail
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inferior
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below
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medial
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toward the longitudinal axis
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lateral
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away from the longitudinal axis
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proximal
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toward attached base
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distal
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away from attached base
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superficial
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toward the surface
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deep
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away from the surface
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transverse plane
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lies at right angles to the long axis of the body
divides superior and anterior |
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frontal plane
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coronal plane
parallel to the long axis divides posterior and anterior |
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saggital plane
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parallel to the long axis of the body
left and right halves |
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dorsal cavity:
cranial cavity spinal cavity |
surrounds the brain and spinal cord
-contains the brain -contains spinal cord |
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ventral body cavity (coelom)
thoracic & abdominopelvic |
contains resp. cardio, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems
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thoracic cavity
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-plural cavities
-mediastinum -pericardial |
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abdominopelvic cavity
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abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity |
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abdominopelvic quadrants
(clockwise starting top right) |
right upper
left upper right lower left lower |
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right upper
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liver
gallbladder right kidney stomach small/large intestine |
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left upper
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liver
stomach pancreas spleen portions of large intestine |
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right lower
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appendix
reproductive organs right ureter |
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left lower
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small/ large Intestines
left ureter reprodctive organs |
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abdominopelvic regions
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right hypochronriac
epigastric left hypochondriac right lumbar umbillical region left lumbar right inguinal hypogastric left inguinal |
