Anatomy Exam 1

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

Study of Structure

Front 2

microscopic anatomy

Back 2

stuctures not visible to the unaided eye

Front 3

cytology

Back 3

cells of the body and their internal structure

Front 4

histology

Back 4

tissues formed by cells and cell produts

Front 5

gross anatomy

Back 5

body structures observable to the naked eye

Front 6

developmental anatomy

Back 6

structural chanes to the body between conception and maturation

Front 7

embryology

Back 7

origin and development of the organism from fertilization of the oocyte until birth

Front 8

pathologic anatomy

Back 8

characteristic changes that occur during illness

Front 9

radiographic anatomy

Back 9

gross anatomy of all structures, external and internal, in one region of the body

Front 10

surface anatomy

Back 10

superficial anatomic markings & gross anatomy of internal stuctures relative to overlying skin surface

Front 11

Surgical anatomy

Back 11

anatomic landmarks used prior to surgery

Front 12

systemic anatomy

Back 12

gross anatomy of all the componenets of an organ system

Front 13

Structual organization of the body (hierarchy)
(chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism level)

Back 13

Atoms- smalles unit of matter
Molecules- 2 or more atoms combined (H2O)
Cells-large molecules joined in a specific way
Tissues-groups of similar cells with a common funtion
Organs- contain 2 or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions
organism-

Front 14

Characteristics of living things

Back 14

Organization- structure & order
Metabolism- chemical RXN
Growth & development-
Responsiveness- to changes
Regulation-homeostasis
Reproduction-produce new cells

Front 15

Integumentary System

Back 15

Hair, skin, and associated glands

provides protection, regilates body temp., site of cutaneous receptors, sysnthesizes vit. D, prevents H2O loss

Front 16

Skeletal System

Back 16

Upper and Lower limb bones, skull, knee joint Sternum, rib, cartilage, vertebrae, sacrum

provides support and protection, site of hemopoiesis (blood cell production), stores Ca & P, allows body movement

Front 17

Muscular System

Back 17

Sartorius, frontalis, pectoralis major muscles, aponeurosis, tendons

produces body movement, generates heat when muscles contract

Front 18

Nervous System

Back 18

Sense organ (eye), CNS, PNS, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

regulatory system that controls body movement, responds to senory stimuli, helps control all other systems of the body. responsible for consciousness, intellignece, memory

Front 19

Endocrine System

Back 19

Hypothalmus, pineal body, pituitary, thyrois, parathyroid, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, kidney, testes, ovaries

consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones, some which regulate body and cellular growth, chemical levels in the body, & reproduction functions

Front 20

Cardiovascular System

Back 20

Capillaries, heart, veins, arteries

consists of a pump (<3)that moves blood through blood vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, & gases, & pick up waste products

Front 21

Lymphatic system

Back 21

Tonsils, thymus, thoracic duct, cervical LN, axillary LN, spleen, inguinal LN, popliteal LN, lymphatic vessel

transports and filters lymph (interstitial fluid) & initiates response when necessary

Front 22

Respiratory system

Back 22

Nasal cavity, nose, trachea, bronchi, lungs, pharynx (throat), larynx

responsible for the exchane of gases (O2, CO2) between blood & the air in the lungs

Front 23

digestive system

Back 23

oral cavity (mouth), salivary glands, esophagus, liver stomach, large and small Intestine

mechanically and chemically digests food materials, absobs nutrients, and expels waste products

Front 24

Urinary system

Back 24

kidney, bladder, urethra, ureter

filters blood and removes waste products from the blood, concentrates waste products in the form of urine and expels urine from the body

Front 25

Male Reproductive system

Back 25

ductus deferens, prostate gland, urethra, testis, scrotum, seminal vesicle, epididymis, penis

produes male sex cells (sperm) and male hormones (testosterone), tranfers sperm to the female

Front 26

Female reproductive system

Back 26

mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina, urerine tube, external genitalia (clitoris, labia)

produces femal sex cells (oocytes) and femal hormones (estrogen), receives sperm from male, site of fertilization of oocyte, site of growth and devlopment of embryo & fetus

Front 27

Anatomic Position

Back 27

specific body position in which an individual stands upright w/ the feet parallel and flat on the floor. arms are at eight side with the palms facing forward.

Front 28

Section

Back 28

actual cut or slice to expose the internal anatomy

Front 29

plane

Back 29

imaginary flat surface passing through the body

Front 30

3 Major planes

Back 30

Coronal- divides into anterior/posterior
Transverse-inferior/superior
sagittal- left and right halves

Front 31

oblique plane

Back 31

passes through the specimen @ an angle

Front 32

Anterior

Back 32

in front of; toward the front surface

Front 33

Posterior

Back 33

in back of; toward the back surface

Front 34

Dorsal

Back 34

at the back side

Front 35

Ventral

Back 35

at the belly side

Front 36

Cranial

Back 36

at the head end

Front 37

Caudal

Back 37

at the tail end or rear

Front 38

superior

Back 38

toward the head or above

Front 39

Inferior

Back 39

toward the feet or below

Front 40

medial

Back 40

toward the midline of the body

Front 41

lateral

Back 41

away from the midline of the body

Front 42

deep

Back 42

on the inside, underneath another structure

Front 43

superficial

Back 43

on the outside

Front 44

promixal

Back 44

closest to the point of attachment to trunk

Front 45

distal

Back 45

furthest from point of attachment to trunk

Front 46

axial region includes which strucures

Back 46

head, neck and trunk.

Front 47

appendicular region includes wich structures

Back 47

limbs, appendages, attach to the body's axis

Front 48

cephaic

Back 48

situated or directed toward the head

Front 49

intermediate

Back 49

being or situated between 2 points

Front 50

parietal

Back 50

lines the internal surface of the body wall

Front 51

visceral

Back 51

covers the external surface of organs within the cavity

Front 52

central

Back 52

middle, midline

Front 53

Peripheral

Back 53

next to midline or central

Front 54

abdominal

Back 54

region inferior to the thorax and superior to the hip bones

Front 55

antebrachial

Back 55

forearm (upper limb between the elbow and the wrist)

Front 56

Antecubital

Back 56

region in front of the elbow

Front 57

axillary

Back 57

armpit

Front 58

brachial

Back 58

arm (upper limb between the elbow and the shoulder)

Front 59

buccal

Back 59

cheek

Front 60

calcaneal

Back 60

heel of foot

Front 61

carpal

Back 61

wrist

Front 62

cervical

Back 62

neck

Front 63

cranial

Back 63

skull

Front 64

coxal

Back 64

hip

Front 65

crural

Back 65

leg

Front 66

deltoid

Back 66

shoulder

Front 67

digital

Back 67

finger or toes (phalanges)

Front 68

dorsal

Back 68

back

Front 69

facial

Back 69

face

Front 70

femoral

Back 70

thigh

Front 71

frontal

Back 71

forehead

Front 72

gluteal

Back 72

buttock

Front 73

hallux

Back 73

great toe

Front 74

inguinal

Back 74

groin

Front 75

lumbar

Back 75

loin

Front 76

mammary

Back 76

breast

Front 77

manus

Back 77

hand

Front 78

mental

Back 78

chin

Front 79

nasal

Back 79

nose

Front 80

occiptial

Back 80

posterior base of hand

Front 81

olecranal

Back 81

posterior of elbow

Front 82

oral

Back 82

mouth

Front 83

orbital

Back 83

eye

Front 84

palmar

Back 84

palm of hand

Front 85

patellar

Back 85

kneecap

Front 86

pelvic

Back 86

pelvis

Front 87

perianal

Back 87

region between the anus and the external reproductive organs

Front 88

pes

Back 88

foot

Front 89

plantar

Back 89

sole of foot

Front 90

pollex

Back 90

thumb

Front 91

popiteal

Back 91

area posterior to the knee

Front 92

pubic

Back 92

anterior region of the pelvis

Front 93

sacral

Back 93

posterior region between the hip bones

Front 94

scapular

Back 94

shoulder blade

Front 95

sternal

Back 95

middle of thorax, anteriorly

Front 96

sural

Back 96

calf

Front 97

tarsal

Back 97

ankle

Front 98

thoracic

Back 98

chest of thorax

Front 99

umbilical

Back 99

navel

Front 100

vertebral

Back 100

spinal column

Front 101

mediastium

Back 101

median space in the thoracic cavity

Front 102

9 regions of the abdominopelvic area

Back 102

R and L hypochondriac
R and L iliac
R and L lumbar
Hypo and epigastic
umbilical region

Front 103

epigastic region

Back 103

part of the liver, stomach, the duodenum, pancreas and both adrenal glands

Front 104

umbilical region

Back 104

transverse colon, part of the SI, branches of blood vessels to lower limbs

Front 105

hypogastric region

Back 105

past of SI, bladder, and the sigmoid colon of LI

Front 106

R and L hypochondriac regions

Back 106

R-part of the live, gallbladder and the right kidney

L-part of the stomach, spleen, left colic flexure of the LI, and part of the L kidney

Front 107

R and L lumbar regions

Back 107

R-ascending colon, and the R colic flexure of the LI, superior part of the cecum, part of the R kidney, and SI

L-descending colon, part of L kidney, part of SI

Front 108

R and L iliac regions

Back 108

R-inferior end of the cecum, appendix, part of SI

L-junction parts of the colon, part of SI

Front 109

Alveolus

Back 109

small cavity or hollow

Front 110

ampulla

Back 110

small dilated portion of a cavity

Front 111

apex

Back 111

pointed are

Front 112

capsule

Back 112

outer cover or wall

Front 113

cortex

Back 113

outer part of a structure

Front 114

evagination

Back 114

protrusion or buldging of a wall or structure

Front 115

extremity

Back 115

end portion; the limit of a part

Front 116

follicle

Back 116

small secreting cavity or sac

Front 117

germ

Back 117

an offshoot or bud

Front 118

invagination

Back 118

inward buldging of a wall

Front 119

lamella

Back 119

thin plate or layer

Front 120

lumen

Back 120

space within a tube

Front 121

papilla

Back 121

small protuberance or elevation

Front 122

sinus

Back 122

hollow area or cavity, a narrow opening

Front 123

stroma

Back 123

tissue that forms the support or frameworkof an organ

Front 124

vesicle

Back 124

small saclike structure containing fluid

Front 125

vestibular

Back 125

small cavity or dilated region at the beginning of a passageway

Front 126

villus

Back 126

small fingerlike projection

Front 127

viscera

Back 127

pertaining to the organs of the body cavities

Front 128

chimera

Back 128

lion with extra goat head and snake tail

female, natural disaster

Front 129

griffin

Back 129

lion body with eagle head and wings

symbol of divine power

Front 130

Harpies

Back 130

man with bird legs and wings, holding srrows

winged death spirit or life

Front 131

Medusa

Back 131

female snake head

goddess, wouls turn you to stone with one look

Front 132

phoenix

Back 132

eagle from flames

dies in flames reborn in ashes

Front 133

sirens

Back 133

mermaid

would play musice to attrack sailors, wruck ship and eat the sailors

Front 134

sphinx

Back 134

lion body, human head, with wings

guardians of egyptian sanctuaries