Anatomy Exam 1

Front 1

Epicranius-Frontalis

Back 1

action: draws scalp forward
attached to: galea aponeurotica and supraorbital skin
NERVE: Facial-CN7

Front 2

Epicranius-Occipitalis

Back 2

action: draws scalp backwards
attached to: galea aponeurotica and occipital bone-mastoid process
NERVE: Facial-CN7

Front 3

Orbicularis Oris

Back 3

action: closes and protrudes lips
Perioral
NERVE: Facial-CN7

Front 4

Orbicularis oculi

Back 4

action: closes eye
periocular
NERVE: Facial-CN7

Front 5

Zygomaticus (major and minor-superior)

Back 5

action: smile/laugh
attaches to: skin at angle of mouth and zygomatic bone
NERVE: Facial-CN7

Front 6

Risorius -under zygomaticus major

Back 6

action: draws corner of lips lateral
attaches to: lateral fascia associated with masseter, skin at angle of mouth
NERVE: Facial-CN7

Front 7

Depressor anguli oris

Back 7

action: draws corners of the mouth down
attaches to: body of mandible and skin at the corner of the mouth, below zygomaticus major
NERVE: Facial-CN7

Front 8

Buccinator-deep to masseter

Back 8

action: compress cheek
deep to above muscles
NERVE: Facial-CN7

Front 9

Platysma

Back 9

action: tenses skin of neck
very superficial and anterior
NERVE: Facial-CN7

Front 10

Masseter

Back 10

action: closes jaw-elevates mandible
attaches to: zygomatic arch and angle of ramus
NERVE: mandibular division of trigeminal nerve-CN5-3

Front 11

Temporalis

Back 11

action: elevates and retracts mandible
attaches to:temporal fossa of parietal bone and coronoid process of mandible
NERVE: CN5-3

Front 12

Medial pterygoid

Back 12

action: synergizes with temporalis and masseter in closing jaw
attaches to: medial side of lateral pterygoid
NERVE: CN5-3

Front 13

Lateral pterygoid

Back 13

action: protracts mandible, also assists medial pterygoid in side to side grinding
NERVE: CN5-3

Front 14

Sternocleidomastoid

Back 14

action: cervical vert. flexion, draws head forward
attaches to: sternum, clavicle, mastoid process
NERVE: Spinal accessory-CN11, and cervical nerves C2-C3

Front 15

Trapezius-most superficial of back muscles

Back 15

action: upper: elevates scapula and clavicle, rotates glenoid fossa superiorly, middle: scapula retraction, lower: depress scapula, rotate g.f. superiorly
attaches to: superior nuchal line of occipital bone, ligmentum nuchae, and spines of C7 an all thoracic vertabrae, clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine
NERVE: CN11 and C3-C4
NERVE:

Front 16

Levator Scapularis-deep to traps, right above rhomboid minor

Back 16

action: elevates scap and rotates glenoid fossa inferiorly
attaches to: upper 4 or 5 cervical vert. and superior border of scap.
NERVE: Dorsal scapular nerve and C3-C5

Front 17

Rhomboid Major-deep to traps, below rhomboid minor

Back 17

action: elevates and retracts scap, rotates g.f. inferiorly
attaches to T2-T5, and vertebral border of scap below spine
NERVE: Dorsal scapular nerve

Front 18

Rhomboid Minor-deep to traps, below levator scapularis, above rhomboid major

Back 18

action: elevates and retracts scap, rotates G.F. inferiorly
attaches to : C7-T1, vertebral border of scap above spine
NERVE: Dorsal scapular nerve

Front 19

Pectoralis Major

Back 19

action: flexes, adducts, and internally rotates arm
attaches to: clavicle, sternum, and cartilage of ribs 1-6, greater tubercle of humerous
NERVE: Medial and lateral pectoralnerve

Front 20

Pectoralis minor-deep to pec major

Back 20

action: depresses and moves scapular aneteriorly, elevates ribs 3-5, tips GF inferiorly
attaches to: ribs 3-5 and coracoid process of scapula
NERVE: Medial and lateral pectoral nerve

Front 21

Serratus Anterior-deep to lats

Back 21

action: rotates GF superiorly, KEEPS SCAPS FLAT AGAINST RIBS
attaches to: upper 8 or 9 ribs, vertebral border and inferior angle of scap
NERVE: long thoracic nerve

Front 22

Latissimus Dorsi

Back 22

action: extends, adducts, and rotates humerus medially
attaches to: spine of lower 6 thoracic vert, lumbar vert, sacrum and iliac crests, lower 4 ribs, intertubercular groove of humerus
NERVE: deep thoracodorsal nerve

Front 23

Deltoid

Back 23

action: flexion and horizontal adduction-medial portion abducts humerous
attaches to: acromion, scapular spine, deltoid tuberosity of humerus
NERVE: Axillary nerve

Front 24

Supraspinatus-SITS

Back 24

action: assists deltoid in initiating abduction
attaches to: supraspinous fossa of scap and greater tubercle of humerus
NERVE: suprascapular nerve

Front 25

Infraspinatus-SITS

Back 25

action: externally rotates and abducts humerus
attaches to : infraspinous fossa and greater tubercle
NERVE: Suprascapular nerve

Front 26

Teres minor-above teres major-SITS

Back 26

action: external rotator, weak adductor of humerus
attaches to: inferior lateral border of scap and greater tubercle
NERVE: axillary nerve

Front 27

Subscapularis-SITS

Back 27

action: internal rotator of humerus
attaches to: subscapular fossa and lesser tubercle of humerus
NERVE: Subscapular nerve

Front 28

Teres Major-right above lats, under axilla

Back 28

action: shoulder extension, assists in adduction and internal rotation
attaches to: inferior angle of scapula, lesser tubercle of humerus
NERVE: Lower scapular nerve

Front 29

Coracobrachialis-deep to biceps

Back 29

action: flexes and adducts arm
attaches to coracoid process and humeral shaft
NERVE: Musculocutaneous nerve

Front 30

Biceps brachii-long head lateral, short head medial

Back 30

FLEXOR
action: flexes and suppinates forearm, flexes shoulder
attaches to: long head-supraglenoid tubercle-short head, coracoid process-both end at rabial tuberosity and biccepital aponeurosis
NERVE" Musculocutaneous

Front 31

Brachialis-deep to biceps

Back 31

FLEXOR
action: flexes forearm
attaches to: lower 1/3 of humerus, ulnar tuberosity, and coronoid process of ulna
NERVE: Musculocutaneous

Front 32

Brachioradialis

Back 32

action: flexes forearm in neutral position
attaches to: distal humerus and radial styloid process
NERVE: Radial-not median

Front 33

Triceps Brachii

Back 33

action: extends forearm and shoulder
attaches to: infraglenoid tubercle, posterolateral humerus, entire surface of posterior humerus, olecranon process of ulna
NERVE: Radial

Front 34

Aconeus

Back 34

synergist of triceps and abducts ulna during pronation
-radial nerve

Front 35

palmaris longus-superficial

Back 35

action: weak wrist flexion
attaches to: palmar aponeurosis
NERVE: Median

Front 36

Flexor carpi radialis-superficial

Back 36

action: wrist flexion and radial deviation
attaches to: 2nd and third metacarpals
NERVE: median

Front 37

Flexor carpi ulnaris-superficial

Back 37

action:wrist flexion and ulnar deviation
attaches to: pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
NERVE: ulnar nerve

Front 38

Pronator Teres (At proximal forearm)

Back 38

action: pronates forearm
attaches to: distal midshaft of lateral radius

Front 39

Flexor digitorum superficialis-under palmaris

Back 39

INTERMEDIATE
action: flexes proximal interphalangeal joints PIPS
attaches to: palmar surface of middle phalanges
NERVE: median

Front 40

Flexor digitorum profundus

Back 40

action: flexes distal interphalangeal joints DIPS,
attaches to: base of distal phalanges 2-5

Front 41

Flexor pollicus longus-medial to flexor carpi radialis

Back 41

action: flexes thumb-runs along medial side of thumb
attaches to: base of distal phalanx
NERVE: median

Front 42

Pronator quadratus

Back 42

action: pronates forearm
in distal forearm\
NERVE: Median

Front 43

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Back 43

SUPERFICIAL
action: wrist extension, radial deviation
attaches to: 2nd metacarpal base
NERVE: radial nerve

Front 44

Extensor carpi radialis brevis-medial and deep to extensor carpi radialis longus- is fan shaped

Back 44

action: extension and radial deviation
attaches to: 3rd metacarpal base
NERVE: radial nerve

Front 45

Extensor digitorum

Back 45

action: extends phalanges at PIP, DIP, MCP
attaches to: digist 2-5 extension expansion
NERVE: radial nerve

Front 46

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 46

action: wrist extension and ulnar deviation
attaches to: 5th metacarpal base
NERVE: radial

Front 47

Extensor digiti minimi-lateral to extensor carpi ulnaris tendon

Back 47

action: extends pinkie-5th digit
attaches to: extensor digitorum tendon and extensor dig. tendon on 5th digit
NERVE: radial

Front 48

Supinator-medial to extensor carpi radialis brevis-deep and flares out like a fine

Back 48

action: supinates forearm
attaches to: lateral surface of proximal 1/3 of radius
NERVE: radial

Front 49

abductor pollicus longus

Back 49

action: 1st digit extension
attaches to: 1st metacarpal joint
NERVE: radial nerve

Front 50

Extensor pollicis brevis-with extensor pollicis longus forms snuff box

Back 50

action: thumb extension-lateral to extensor pollicus longus-right next to abductor pollicus longus
attaches to: just past the MCP joint
NERVE: radial

Front 51

Extensor pollicis longus-medial to tendon of anatomical snuffbox

Back 51

action: thumb extension
attaches to: just past IP joint, base of distal phalanx
NERVE: radial

Front 52

Extensor indices-comes across hand at a diagnonal toward index finer. is just medial to extensor pollicis longus

Back 52

action: extends index finger
attaches to: tendon of extensor digitorum on 2nd digit, comes oblique across hand
NERVE: radial

Front 53

dorsal interossei-bipennate from lateral 5th digit to medial 1st digit

Back 53

action: abduction of fingers away from midline of hand (middle of 3rd digit)
attaches to: side of finger farthest away from midline-cone shaped
NERVE: ulnar

Front 54

palmar interossei-unipennate on side closest to middle finger on digits 2,4, and 5

Back 54

action: adduction toward midline
attaches to: side of middle finger closest to midline
NERVE: ulnar

Front 55

lumbricals-cross MCP joint and IP joints

Back 55

action: extend IP joints while flexing MCP joint, extensor expansion
NERVE: 1 AND 2 Median, 3 AND 4 ulnar

Front 56

Iliopsoas-iliacus-large and fan shaped, more lateral

Back 56

action: prime mover in thigh flexion and in flexing trunk
attaches to: iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, lesser trochanter of femur
NERVE: Femoral nerve

Front 57

Iliopsoas-Psoas-longer, thicker, more medial muscle of the pair

Back 57

action: prime mover in thigh flexion
attaches to: bodies and disks of lumbar vertebrae, lesser trochanter of femur
NERVE: Ventral rami L1-L3

Front 58

Sartorius-longest muscle in the body

Back 58

action: flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh, tailoring
attaches to: anterior superior iliac spine, inserts into medial aspect of proximal tibia
NERVE: Femoral

Front 59

Adductor Longus

Back 59

Medial Compartment
action: flexes, adducts, and medially rotates thigh
attaches to: pubis near pubic symphysis and linea aspera
NERVE: obturator nerve

Front 60

adductor brevis

Back 60

MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THIGH
Action: adducts and medially rotates thigh
attaches to: ramus of pubis, linea aspera above adductor longus
NERVE: Obturator nerve

Front 61

Adductor magnus

Back 61

MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THIGH
action: posterior part is synergist of hamstrings
attaches to: ischial and pubic rami, linea aspera
NERVE: Obturator and sciatic

Front 62

Pectineus

Back 62

MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THIGH
action: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
attaches to: pectineal thigh of pubis, femur
NERVE: Femoral

Front 63

Gracilis-long thin, superficial muscle of medial thigh

Back 63

MEDIAL compartment
action: adducts thigh, especially during walking
attaches to: pubis, ischial ramus
NERVE: obturator

Front 64

Rectus femoris-quad

Back 64

ANTERIOR compartment
action: extends knee and flexes hip
attaches to: acetabulum, iliac spine, patella, tibia
NERVE: Femoral

Front 65

Vastus lateralis-quad

Back 65

ANTERIOR compartment
action: extends and stabilizes knee
attaches to: greater trochanter, linea aspera
NERVE: Femoral

Front 66

vastus medialis-quad

Back 66

ANTERIOR compartment
action: stabilizes patella
attaches to: femor
NERVE: femoral

Front 67

vastus intermedius-quad

Back 67

ANTERIOR compartment
action: extends knee
attaches to: femor
NERVE: femoral

Front 68

Tensor fasciae latae

Back 68

ANTERIOR compartment
action: flexes and abducts thigh
attaches to: iliac crest and anterior spine, IT tract
NERVE: Superior gluteal nerve

Front 69

Gluteus maximus

Back 69

POSTERIOR
action: major extensor of thigh
attaches to: dorsal illium, sacrum, coccyx, femur, IT
NERVE: Inferior gluteal

Front 70

Gluteus medius

Back 70

POSTERIOR
action: abducts and medially rotates thigh
attaches to: gluteal lines on illium, greater trochanter of femur
NERVE: superior gluteal

Front 71

Gluteus minimus

Back 71

POSTERIOR
action: smallest and deepest of gluteals
attaces to: illium and trochanter of femur
NERVE: Superior gluteal

Front 72

Piriformis

Back 72

Lateral rotator
action: rotates extended thigh laterally
attaches to: sacrum, greater trochanter of femur
NERVE: S1, S2, L5

Front 73

Obturator externus

Back 73

action: laterally rotates thigh
attaches to: pubis, ischium, and obturator foramen, posterior femur
NERVE: Obturator

Front 74

Biceps femoris-hamstrings-posterior

Back 74

action: extends thigh and flexes knee
attaches to: ichial tuberosity, fibula
NERVE: sciatic

Front 75

semitendinosus-hamstring

Back 75

action: extends thigh at hip
attaches to: ischium, tibia
NERVE: Sciatic nerve

Front 76

Semimembraneous-hamstring

Back 76

action: extends thigh and flexes knee, medially rotates leg
attaches to : ischium, tibia, femur
NERVE: sciatic

Front 77

Tibialis anterior-superficial muscle of leg

Back 77

ANTERIOR
action: dorsiflexion
attaches to: tibia, cuneiform, first metatarsal
NERVE: deep fibular

Front 78

Extensor digitorum longus

Back 78

ANTERIOR
action: dorsiflexion of foot and toes
attaches to: tibia, medial and distal phalanges
NERVE: deep fibular

Front 79

Extensor hallucis longus

Back 79

ANTERIOR
action: extends big toe, dorsiflexes foot
attaches to: fibula, distal phalanx of big toe
NERVE: deep fibular

Front 80

Fibularis longus-overlies fibula

Back 80

LATERAL COMPARTMENT
action: plantar flexion and everts foot
attaches to: fibula, first metatarsal and cuneiform
NERVE: superficial fibular

Front 81

Fibularis brevis-superior to longus

Back 81

LATERAL COMPARTMENT
action: plantar flexion
attaches to: fibula, first metatarsal and cuneiform
NERVE: superficial fibular

Front 82

gastronemius-calf

Back 82

POSTERIOR-Superficial
two prominent bellies
action: plantar flexion
attaches to: femur condyles, calcaneus
NERVE: Tibial

Front 83

Soleus-deep to gastronemius

Back 83

POSTERIOR
action: plantar flexion
attaches to: calcaneous, tibia, fibula
NERVE: tibial

Front 84

Plantaris-small

Back 84

POSTERIOR
action: assists in knee flexion
attaches to: femur and calcaneus
NERVE: Tibial

Front 85

tibialis posterior-deep

Back 85

action: prime mover of foot eversion
attaches to: tibia, fibula, malleous
NERVE: Tibial

Front 86

flexor hallucis longus

Back 86

action: plantar flexion
attaches to: fibula, under foot
NERVE: tibial

Front 87

flexor digitorum longus

Back 87

action: plantar flexion and foot inversion
attaches to tibia, malleous, digits
NERVE: Tibial

Front 88

Popliteus

Back 88

action: flexes and rotates leg
attaches to: femur, meniscus, proximal tibia
NERVE:

Front 89

Scalenes-anterior, middle, and posterior

Back 89

action: elevate first two ribs
attaches to: cervical vertebrae and first two ribs
NERVE: Cervical spine

Front 90

Splenius capitus

Back 90

action: extends or hyper extends head
attaches to: ligamentum nuchae, mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone
NERVE: Cervical spinal

Front 91

semispinalis capitis

Back 91

action: extends vertebral column and head
attaches to: C7-T12, occipital bone
NERVE: Dorsal rami

Front 92

rectus abdominis

Back 92

ANT and LAT abdominal wall
action: flex and rotate lumbar spine
attaches to : pubic crest and symphisis, xiphoid process
NERVE: Ventral rami of lower thoracic nerve

Front 93

external oblique

Back 93

ANT and LAT abdominal wall
attaches to: lower eight ribs, linea alba, pubic crest and tubercle, illiac crest
NERVE: ventral rami of lower thoracic nerve

Front 94

Internal oblique

Back 94

ANT and LAT compartment of abdominal wall
attaches to: lumbar fascia, iliac crest, linea alba, last 3 or 4 ribs
NERVE: ventral rami of lower thoracic nerve

Front 95

transverse abdominis

Back 95

ANT and LAT abdominal wall
attaches to: inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, linea alba, pubic crest, last 6 ribs
NERVE: ventral rami of lower thoracic nerve

Front 96

erector spinae longissimus

Back 96

INTRINSIC MUSCLE OF BACK
attaches to: transverse process of lumbar spine to cervical vert., mastoid process of temporal bone
NERVE: dorsal rami

Front 97

erector spinae iliocostalis

Back 97

INTRINSIC MUSCLE OF BACK
action: maintain erect posture
attaches to: iliac crest, ribs 3-6, C6-C4
NERVE: Dorsal rami

Front 98

what are beta1 receptors responsible for?

Back 98

increasing heart rate, conduction, ad contractile force as well as the neural release of renin from the JG cells