Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Sagittal Plane |
Separates right from left. Flexion occurs in the sagittal plane. |
|
|
Frontal Plane |
Separates anterior from posterior. Adduction & abduction occur in this plane. |
|
|
Transverse Plane |
Separates superior from inferior. Rotation happens within this plane. |
|
|
Mitosis |
The distribution of one copy of the genetic information to each of the two new daughter cells. Each having the same number of chromosomes. Diploid state. Occurs in all but reproductive cells. |
|
|
Meiosis |
Haploid state. 23 chromosomes, not 23 pairs. Occurs in gametes. Oocyte & sperm. |
|
|
Zona Pellucida |
Shell around the Oocyte. Glycoprotein layer surrounding the plasma membrane. Hardens if: not penetrated in 24 hours or once penetrated. |
|
|
Corona Radiata |
Follicular cells surrounding the Zona Pellucida. |
|
|
Fertilization |
The return to diploid state. The fusion of the nuclei and cytoplasm of a haploid sperm and egg cell. Takes 18 hours for completion. |
|
|
Pronucleus |
The haploid nucleus of sperm or egg after fertilization but before nuclear fusion and the first mitotic division. Together: pronuclei. |
|
|
Infundibular region |
Fertilization process happens in this region between the ovary and uterus. |
|
|
Zygote |
The fertilized egg. Diploid. |
|
|
Clevage |
Produces the morula. When the cell goes from single to multicellular. |
|
|
Morula |
Forms from the zygote. A solid ball of cells due to the process of mitosis. |
|
|
Blastocyst |
Forms from the morula about day six. Consists of: The inner cell mass. Trophoblasts The blastocyst cavity (blastocoele.) |
|
|
Trophoblasts |
Line the cavity of the blastocyst. Function implied by name: trophos, food; blast, precursor.
Become syncytial trophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts. |
|
|
Inner Cell Mass |
Group of cells clustered at one end of the blastocyst that will become the embryo. these stem cells are responsible for producing all the cells and cell types of the body. Turns into the bilaminar disc. |
|
|
Syncytial Trophoblasts (SCT Layer) |
Differentiation from trophoblasts. Layer of cytoplasm containing multiple nuclei. Burrow into uterine lining. |
|
|
cytotrophoblasts |
Produces distinct extra embryonic tissue, the inner layer to the syncytios. |
|
|
Week of 2's (Zygote week 2) |
Differentiation: Inner Cell Mass & trophoblasts. Syncytial trophoblasts & cytotrophoblasts. Amnion & yolk sac. |
|
|
Blastodisc (Bilaminar disc) |
Develops from the inner cell mass. Consists of two epithelial layers: The epiblast which faces the amniotic cavity, and the hypoblast which is exposed to the fluid contents of the blastocoele. |
|
|
Lacunae |
Maternal blood percolates through these trophoblastic channels. |
|
|
Week 3 of the zygote: Gastrulation |
* Produces the germ layers of peoples.
* Third layer of the blastodisc * Cells in specific areas of the epiblast move toward the center of the blastodisc, the primitive streak. * Migrating cells move between the epiblast and hypoblast, creating three distinct embryonic layers: ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm. |
|
|
Hypoblasts |
Lower layer of three germ layer. Low cuboidal cells. Forms endoderm and disappears once endoderm is formed. |
|
|
Epiblasts |
Columnar epithelium closest to the amniotic cavity. Forms ectoderm. |
|
|
Ectoderm |
Forms from epiblasts. Becomes the outside of the zygote. |
|
|
Endoderm |
Becomes our ends. Mouth, anus & everything in between. |
|
|
Mesoderm |
Differentiates from the ectoderm. Becomes muscle & connective tissue. |
|
|
Week 4 of the zygote: |
Cell groupings begin to fold, going from flat to rounder with ectoderms on the outside, endoderm on the inside. Central core called nodechord. Also a neural tube folding. |
