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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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This is the margin of the ear also known as the folded rim.
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Helix
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The anterior elevated portion of the cartilage.
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Antihelix
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The very bottom part of the outer ear
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Lobule
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Ridge continuing backward from the helix of the auricle.
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Crus of Helix
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The projection of the cartilage.
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Tragus
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The lower part of the auricle, with a deep notch.
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Intertragic notch
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The cartilage projecting just above the lobule
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Antitragus
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cymba, cavum- The large hollow floor of the auricle, divided by the crus.
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Concha
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knick in helix near the outer top
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Darwin's Tubercle
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How hot is the External Auditory Meatus?
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98.6 degrees
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What shape does the EAM make?
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Lazy "s" shape
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What is the diameter and length of the EAM?
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.7cm
25 mm (about and 1 inch) |
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What part of the EAM is bone?
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The last 2/3rds
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What is the fancy word for ear wax?
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Cerumen
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What kind of glands are in the EAM? Function?
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Sebaceous glands- watery substance
Cerumen glands- cerumen (wax) |
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What degree angle does the Tympanic Membrane sit?
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55 degree
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Dimensions of the TM
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9mm or 1/3 inch
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How indented is the umbro?
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2mm medially
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What is the fibrocarilaginous ring of the TM called?
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The annulus.
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Groove in bony wall of the EAM that holds the tympanic membrane?
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Tympanic Sulcus
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The Tympanic Sulcus is deficient superiorly at this.
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The notch of Rivinus.
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The 7th cranial nerve is also called...
what of the tongue? |
Chorda tympani
anterior 2/3 of tongue |
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the small, triangular, flaccid portion of the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, lying above the malleolar folds
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Pars flaccida
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Ligament bands from the notch of rivinus to malleus that hold ossicles bones to ear drum
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Anterior and Posterior Malleolar folds
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What type of fibers are in the Pars Flaccida? What kind are in the Pars Tensa? What are the radial fiber's function?
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Circular
Circular and Radial Absorb pressure/vibrations |
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Thick and taut portion of Tympanic Membrane.
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Pars Tensa
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Layes of the TM
Outer Middle Inner |
Outer- continuous EAM
Middle- Fibers Inner- mucosa ME cavity |
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Color of TM
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Pearly grayish white
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You can see the maubrium of the malleus through the TM. this is called...
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Malleolar stria
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The cone of light is a....
in the .... Also called... |
reflex
anterior inferior quadrant Politzer's Cone |
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Does the tympanic membrane move simply back and forth?
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No, complex vibrator. Different parts react differently.
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Three functions of the TM are it is...
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Air pressure transformed into mechanical vibrations
sensitive to low pressure/sound dampens- stops the motion in a hurry protects middle ear |
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The pinna and EAM both boost...
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high frequencies. Pinna collects sounds and EAM acts as a resonator.
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Dimensions of the Middle Ear
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2-4mm by 15 mm
1/6 inch by 1/2 inch |
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Dimensions of the middle ear
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2-4mm by 15mm
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Size of Malleus
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8-9mm
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Name parts of Malleus
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Head- epitympanium
Anterior process Posterior process Lateral process manubrium |
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The Manubrium is also called the...
it sits in the....of the tympanic membrane... |
long process
entire superior radius of the tympanic membrane |
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At the base of the neck of the Malleus, lies the...
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anterior procss that holds the anteior ligament of the malleus that holds Malleus in the middle ear.
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Name the ligaments of the Malleus and where they attach
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Superior- head to roof of attic
Anterior- anterior wall of ME Lateral- Notch of Rivinus |
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Size of the Incus
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7mm, 5mm short process
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Name the part of the Incus
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Body- bulk in attic, articular facet anterior
Short crus- posterior in fossa incudis (hallow of bone) Long crus- parallel to manubrium Lenticular process- ball at end of long crus |
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Which way does the short process (crus) of the Incus project?
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extends posteriorly from the body
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Which part of the Incus is parallel to the manubrium of the Malleus?
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The long process (crus) of the
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What are the four functions of the outer ear?
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Collect sound- pinna/eam
Localization- pinna Resonator- eam Protection- pinna/eam |
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The EAM provides how many dB of gain to the eardrum at around how many Hz?
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10dB at 3,300Hz
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Why do high frequencies have a hard time getting to the inner ear?
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They often have short wavelengths and low intensity.
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The combined influence of the pina and ear canal is how many dB at what frequency?
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20dB at 3000Hz
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The net effect of the head,pinna and ear canal is that sounds in this range are amplified 10-20dB
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2,000-4,000 Hz
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What are the four functions of the middle ear?
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Conduction
Protection Transducer Amplifier |
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The eustachian tube connects the ------ wall of the middle ear with the -----
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front/anterior
nasopharynx |
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What way does the eardrum displace if pressure in the middle ear is unbalanced?
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inward
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The area of the eardrum is ----x larger than the oval window
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17x
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The ossicles produce a ---- action that furtheramplifies the pressure
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lever
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Without the transfomer action of the middle ear, about 1/---- of acoustic energy or---- dB would be lost
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1/1000
30dB |
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Which effect is in the middle ear is the most important for ampification
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Area ratio (thumbtack)
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What is the protective reflex of the middle ear called?
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Acoustic reflex
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What are the two muscles involved with the acoustic reflex? Which is primary?
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Tensor Tympani and Stapedius
Stapedius |
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When ears are exposed to sound levels over --dB the acoustic reflex happens
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90dB (70dB on slide)
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What are three fuctions of the ligaments of the middle ear?
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-restrict and confine effect of ossicles to act as a lever
-restrict movements to reduce chance of damage -prevents distorion to sound |
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This ligament holds the malleus from the base of the neck in the middle ear cavity.
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Anterior process
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The long process of the incus makes a right angle turn-----
to form the lenticular process that articulates with the head of the stapes. |
medially
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Between the the two crua of the stapes is a space called the -----------
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obturator foramen
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The footplate of the stapes is held in the oval window by this ligament
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annular ligament
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Ligament that holds the short process of the incus to the posterior wall
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posterior ligament
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The manubrium is how many x longer than the long process of the incus
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1.3 x longer
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The lever system increases pressure and --------- velocity
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decreases
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Where does the stapedius muscle extend from?
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posterior wall to the head of the stapes
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Bony prominence that the stapedius comes out of
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pyramidal eminence
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The tensor tympani runs through a bony canal parallel to the --------
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Eustachian tube
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The tensor tympani inserts into the ----of the manubrium
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upper part
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Muscle that opens the Eustachian tube
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tensor veli palatini
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Nerve that innervates the tensor tympani
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trigeminal
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The landmark of the incus that articulates with thhe head of the stapes
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lenticular process
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Landmark of the incus that articulates with the malleus
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articular facet
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Rounded elevation that separates the oval and round window.
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promontory
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The cochleariform process if associated with what muscle?
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tensor tympani
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Small depression in the back epitympatic recess that lodges the short process of the incus
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fossa incudis
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Action of the tensor tympani
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draws malleus medially and anteriorly
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Action of the stapedius
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draws the stapes posteriorly
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Superior boundry
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Tegmental
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Inferior boundry
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Jugular
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Anterior boundry
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Carotid
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Posterior boundry
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Mastoid
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Tyramine
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indirect acting adrenergic agonist
Transported via VMAT and displaces vesicular NE |
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Lateral
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Membranous
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Tegmen Tympani
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thin layer of bone that forms the roof of the typmpanic cavity separating it from the cranial cavity
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Tympanic Plate
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a curved platelike bone that is part of the temporal bone and forms the floor and anterior wall of the external auditory canal
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Cochleariform Process
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a bony angular process above the vestibular window. Serves as a pulley for the tensor tympani
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a very thin horizontal plate of bone forming two semicanals, the upper, smaller, for the tensor tympani muscle, the lower, larger for the auditory tube; its termination in the middle ear is the cochleariform process.
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Septum Canalis Muscultubori
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Orifice Eustachian Tube
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located above the floor of the middle ear
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Fossa Incudis
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small depression in the lower and back epitympanic recess that lodges the short limb of the incus
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leads to epitympanic recess leading to the tympanic antrum
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Aditus to Tympanic Antrum
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conical projection posterior to the vestibular window in the middle ear; it is hollow and contains the stapedius muscle.
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Pyramidal Eminence
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indicates prominence of where the facial nerve is contained
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Prominence facial canal
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a membrane-covered opening which leads from the middle ear to the vestibule of the inner ear. Contact with the stapes
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Oval window
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hollow prominence formed by 1st turn of the cochlea
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Promonotory
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Round window
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closed off from the middle ear by the round window membrane. allows fluid in the cochlea to move, which ensures that hair cells of the inner ear will be stimulated and that audition will occur.
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branches from facial nerve
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Chorda tympani
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Two functions of the middle ear musces
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suspend and give resilence to ossicles
protect |
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Effect of acoustic reflex
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a cut in the lower frequencies 40 dB at 100 Hz dropping to 0 dB above 1000 Hz
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Latency of acoustic reflex
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.6 seconds – stapedius
.15 seconds – tensor tympani |
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Four parts of ET
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osseous, isthmus, cartilaginous, membranous
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torus tubarius
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protrusion on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx marking the pharyngeal end of the cartilaginous part of the eustachian tube
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