Anatomy Diseases

Front 1

Chordoma

Back 1

remnants of notocord, can be on the pelvic region or base of the skull.
still part of notochord is nuc pulposoa and apical ligament of dens

Front 2

sacrococcygeal tertotoma

Back 2

remnants of primitive streak. Internal, external, both

Front 3

Ectopia Cordi

Back 3

heart lies outside of the thoracic cavity bc of lesion in the sternum- incomplete lateral folding of ventral body wall

Front 4

gastrochisis

Back 4

gut herniates through a lesion in the anterior abdominal wall due to incomplete lateral folding

Front 5

Carpal Tunnel

Back 5

Compression of the Median N. at the wrist as it passes through the carpal tunnel and under the flexor retinaculum. This condition results in numbness and weakness of the hand

Front 6

Colles Fracture

Back 6

Fracture of the distal radius w/ posterior displacement. Usually resulting from a fall onto an outstretched hand. May include: Median N. irritation, extensor pollicis longus rupture

Front 7

Dropped Wrist

Back 7

Damage to the Radial N causing unopposed flexion of the wrist

Front 8

Erb-Duchenne Palsy “waiters tip”

Back 8

Damage to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. Presents as a pronated arm and a dropped wrist

Front 9

Klumpke’s Palsy “claw hand”

Back 9

Damage to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus presenting with digits 4 & 5 bent. Inability to grasp paper between digits.

Front 10

Mallet Finger

Back 10

Avulsion of the attachment of the extensor digitorum as it inserts into the dorsal terminal phalanx of the finger. Finger appears bent at the tip

Front 11

Smith Fracture

Back 11

Fall on to back of hand. ANTERIOR displacement

Front 12

Acromioclavicular Separation

Back 12

Caused by falling on the point of your shoulder. Causes your arm and shoulder to “step down”

Front 13

Glenohumeral Dislocation

Back 13

Anterioinferior movement. Usually results in damage to the Axillary Artery

Front 14

Humeral Mid Shaft Break

Back 14

May cause damage to the Radial N. and the Deep branch of the Brachial A. “Dead arm”

Front 15

Humeral Surgical Neck Break

Back 15

May cause damage to the Axillary N. and the Posterior Circumflex A.

Front 16

Olecranon Burstitis “Students Elbow”

Back 16

Swelling over the olecranon due to repeated pressure on that area and compression of the nerve. The bursitis may be drained

Front 17

Tennis Elbow

Back 17

Tenderness in the extensor region of the lateral epichondyle caused by repetitive motion

Front 18

Spina Bifida

Back 18

Failure of vertebral arch to develop and fuse.

Front 19

SB Occulta

Back 19

least severe, just tuft of hair on lumbar region, otherwise asymptomatic

Front 20

SB Meningecoele

Back 20

2nd least severe, cyst on back with CSF and meninges

Front 21

SB Meningomyelocoele

Back 21

cyst on back filled with cord and spinal nerves

Front 22

SB Cystica with Myeloschisis

Back 22

most severe SB, open cord with mass of neural tissue exposed

Front 23

Jefferson Burst Fracture

Back 23

Compression of C1 between occipital and C2, fall on TOP of head

Front 24

Kyphosis

Back 24

Exaggerated curvature of Thoracic spine

Front 25

Lordosis

Back 25

Exaggerated curvature of lumbar spine

Front 26

Scioliosis

Back 26

lateral curvature of spine caused by unequal leg length, muscle imbalance, hemivertabra

Front 27

Spondylolysis

Back 27

fracture of pars interarticularis

Front 28

Spondylolithesis

Back 28

Fracture and anterior displacement of L5 resulting in squeezing of cauda equina

Front 29

thoracic outlet syndrome

Back 29

presence of cervial rib that results in compression of sublavian artery and or inferior trunk of brahial plexus, may result in thenar wasting and or pallor and loss of sensation in the limb...compression of structures in superior aperature outlet

Front 30

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Back 30

absence of pleuroperitoneal membrane. usually on left side, gut enters through the defect. heart pushed right and hypoplasia of lung may occur

Front 31

Congenital Hiatal hernia

Back 31

abnormally large esophageal hiatus. stomach pulled into the thorax and constricted at the hiatus

Front 32

Eventration of Diaphragm

Back 32

defective musculature of diaphragm. upon inspiration eventraion of gut tube occurs but technically remains in the thorax bc its still separate by tussie from the upper cavity

Front 33

pneumothorax

Back 33

presence of gas in the pleural cavity between the parietal pleura and visceral pleura...needle just above rib-above 11?

Front 34

RDS

Back 34

surfactant deficiency resulting in labored, rapid inspiration after birth, prolonged intruetrin asphyxia produces major changes in type 2 cells which are responsible for surfactant production

Front 35

tracheoesophageal fistula

Back 35

improper development of tracheoesophageal septum which links the respiratory and digestive system (trachea and esphogaus connected) fluid may pass into the lungs causing polyhydroamnios. results bc of babys inability to swallow and absorb amniotic fluid as it can not reach the gut

Front 36

ASD Primum

Back 36

failure of ostium primum in heart to close- Down Syndrome

Front 37

ASD Secundum

Back 37

ostium secundum is abnormally large due to short septum secundum or excessive absorption of septum primum

Front 38

Sinus Venosus Type

Back 38

Incomplete Absorption of sinus venosus in right atrium

Front 39

Dextrocardia

Back 39

opposite folding of the heart resulting in a mirror image of the heart in the chest. asymptomatic

Front 40

Persistant Ductus Arteriousus

Back 40

failure of ductus arteriosus to close 1 month after due date. more common in females than males. usually associated with maternal rubella

Front 41

Teratology of Fallot

Back 41

shunt of blood from right to left
IHOP
Interventricular Septal
Hypertrophy
Overriding of the aorta
Pulmonary stenosis

Front 42

transposition of great vessels

Back 42

failure of spiral twising of aorticopulmonary septum. shunts blood from right to left

Front 43

ventricular septum defect

Back 43

most common congenital heart disease. shunts blood from left to right.

Front 44

pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponade

Back 44

blood or excess fluid in perichardial cavity between parietal and visceral layers. relieved by passing needle upward left of xiphoid

Front 45

persistant truncus arteriosus

Back 45

absence of aoricopulmonary septum resulting in mixed blood through pulmonary atery and aorta
CYANOSIS because shunt from right to left

Front 46

Left to right shunts

Back 46

OKKK bc blood will still go to lungs via pulmonary trunk

Front 47

Right to left

Back 47

NOTTT ok...deoxy blood will go to body, and CYANOSIS will occur

Front 48

Cyanotic Heart Defects

Back 48

Transposition of great arteries
Teratology of Fallot
Persistant Truncus Arteriosis

Front 49

chryptorchid

Back 49

undescended tests remain in abdmonial cavity, inguinal cnal

Front 50

ectopic testis

Back 50

testis in abnormal position after passing through inguinal canal, abnormal attachment of gubernaculum

Front 51

hydrocoele

Back 51

fluid collects in unclosed part of processus vaginalis

Front 52

indirect inguinal hernia

Back 52

intestine pushes into unclosed processus vaginalis herniates inside spermatic cord and goes in scrotum

Front 53

congenital inguinal hernia

Back 53

gut herniates through deep ring and lateral to inferior epigastic

Front 54

anular pancreas

Back 54

ventral bud may be bifid, two parts migrate to opposite directions around 2nd part of duodenum, ring around pancreatic tissue obstruct bowel

Front 55

AAA

Back 55

ballooning of lower abdnominal aorta

Front 56

appendicities

Back 56

dull visceral para umbilical pain, moves to macpurneys point as sharp somatic pain in right parietal peritoneal irritation. iliacfossa. laprooscopic surgery

Front 57

bowel ischemia

Back 57

volvulus twisting of small bowel and sigmoid colon. around splenic flexure, between superior and mesenteric arterial supply

Front 58

caput medusa

Back 58

engored paraumbilical veins radationg from umbilicus across abdomen to join systemic veins. veins anastamose with superficial epigastrics

Front 59

congenital omphalocoele

Back 59

failure of withdrawal of midgut loop from umbilical cord cord, resulting in external gut

Front 60

esophageal verices

Back 60

engorged and dilated esophageal vessels in mucosal lining, portal hypertension, blood unable to pass through liver via portal vein, large blood accumulates around gatroesophageal junction

Front 61

hirschbrung disease, congenital megacolon

Back 61

absence of parasympathetic ganglia in segment of descending colon due to nueral crest cells to migrate

Front 62

omphaloenteric duct meckels diverticulum

Back 62

meckels diverticulum, persdidtence of proximal part of omphaloneteric duct 2 2 2 2%

Front 63

prolapsed internal hemrrhoids

Back 63

vericose beins developing in internal rectum, caused by strain

Front 64

rectal prolapse

Back 64

rectm pushed out true pelvis to exterior, weakness of anal sphincter of pelivis to floor

Front 65

renal agencies

Back 65

absense of metanephric diverticulum

Front 66

discoid pancake kidney

Back 66

kidneys ascent, fuse to form discoid kidney

Front 67

horseshoe kidney

Back 67

ascent arrested by inferior mesenteric artery

Front 68

bifid ureter

Back 68

metanephric diverticulum split

Front 69

2 kidneys

Back 69

two metanephric diverticula