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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of regenerative cells in the stomach?
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Regenerate mucous cells from base of gastric pit to surface
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What do parietal cells do in the stomach and where are they found specifically?
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Found in upper gastric gland. Secrete HCl acid and intrinsic factor
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What do Cheif cells produce in the stomach and where are they found?
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They are found lining the gastric glands and they produce pepsinogen (which then turns into active pepsin)
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CO2 + H2O --> H2CO3
What is this reaction called? |
Carbonic Anhydrase
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What is the name for H2CO3?
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Carbonic Acid
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What is the name for HCO3-?
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Bicarbonate ion
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What is a zymogen?
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An enzyme that is secreted in a non-active form
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What does it mean to say that pepsin is autocatalytic?
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As pepsin is made, more pepsinogen is formed into pepsin (positive feedback loop)
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What kind of cells secrete gastrin and what is the function of gastrin?
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G Cells, Gastrin stimulates HCl production and creates a positive feedback loop until pH of stomach reaches 2
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What is the purpose of the enterogastric reflex?
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Closes the pyloric sphincter
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What are the 3 pancreatic zymogens?
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Trypsinogen, Chymotripsinogen, procarboxypeptidase
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What are 4 important enzymes of the pancreas?
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Pancreatic Lipase
Pancreatic Amylase Ribonuclease Deoxyribonuclease |
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From where is cholecystokinen secreted?
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Duodenum
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What responses do Cholecystokinen cause? (3)
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1. Contracts bile duct
2. Secretion of pancreatic enzymes 3. Relaxation of sphincter of oddi |
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What sphincter controls the secretion of bile and pancreatic juice?
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Hepatopancreatic sphincter (Sphincter of oddi)
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What two responses does secretin cause?
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1. Hepatic bile ducts and pancreatic ducts to secrete bicarbonate into duodenum and neutralize acid from stomach
2. Increased flow of pancreatic juice into duodenum |
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How many lobes does the liver have?
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4
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What is the round ligament? (ligamentum teres)
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Remnant of umbilical cord
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What is bilirubin and where does it come from?
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A pigment of bile that comes from hemoglobin degradation
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What are plicae circulares?
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Folds in the small intestinal lumen
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What do duodenal glands do?
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Secrete mucous to prevent damage to intestinal wall
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What are peyers patches and where are they located?
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Lymphatic nodules at distal end o fsmall intestine to kill bacteria from large intestine
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What's the gastroileal reflex?
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Reflex that relaxes ileocecal valve allowing movement of food distally... occurs from full stomach
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What is the most common kind of CHO absorbtion?
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Solvent drag (Osmosis causes water to diffuse, carrying the glucose)
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What are micelles?
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Lipid parts coated with bile acids
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What are chylomicrons?
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Re-synthesized lipids which allows exocytosis from absorbative cells and then passage to lacteal
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What is Boyle's Law?
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Increase pressure equals decrease volume
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What is Charle's Law?
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Increase temperature equals increase volume
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What is Dalton's Law?
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Sum of all partial pressures equals total pressure
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What is Henry's Law?
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Air dissolves in liquid based on its partial pressure and solubility
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What is the effect of gastrosophogeal disease?
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Acid Reflux
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What material is found in hepatic sinusoids?
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blood and phagocytes
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What is the only component of bile that is recycled in the system and not defecated?
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Bile Salts
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What does the gastroileal reflex do?
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Relaxes ileocecal valve when food enters stomach
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