Anatomy Deep Back Muscles

Front 1

extrinsic back muscles develop from

Back 1

hypomere

Front 2

extrinsic back muscles are innervated by

Back 2

ventral rami of spinal nerves

Front 3

intrinsic back muscles develop from

Back 3

epimere

Front 4

intrinsic back muscles are innervated by

Back 4

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 5

during 3rd week of development, embryo is composed of what germ layers

Back 5

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Front 6

skeletal and muscular systems develop mainly from

Back 6

mesoderm

Front 7

mesoderm differentiates into 3 parts on each side of midline neural tube and notochord

Back 7

paraxial mesoderm, intermediate mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm

Front 8

paraxial mesoderm becomes segmented into

Back 8

somites

Front 9

somites differentiate into

Back 9

ventral sclerotome and dorsal myotome

Front 10

ddorsomedial area of myotome is aka

Back 10

epimere

Front 11

dorsolateral area of myotome is aka

Back 11

hypomere

Front 12

dorsal spinal nerve roots are

Back 12

afferent somatic and autonomic fibers; contain dorsal root ganglion; sensory fibers

Front 13

ventral spinal nerve roots are

Back 13

efferent somatic and autonomic fibers; motor fibers

Front 14

which muscles comprise the superficial layer of intrinsic muscles

Back 14

spinotransversales

Front 15

which muscles comprise the intermediate layer of intrinsic muscles

Back 15

erector spinae

Front 16

which muscles comprise the deep layer of intrinsic muscles

Back 16

transversospinales

Front 17

the spinotransversales are comprised of which muscles

Back 17

splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

Front 18

splenius capitis attaches to

Back 18

the skull

Front 19

splenius cervicis attaches to

Back 19

the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Front 20

spinotransversales: overall action

Back 20

extensors and rotators of the head and neck

Front 21

spinotransversales: acting unilaterally

Back 21

laterally bends and rotates the head to the ipsilateral side

Front 22

spinotransversales: acting bilaterally

Back 22

extends the head and neck

Front 23

splenius capitis: orign

Back 23

spinous process of C7-T4, ligamentum nuchae

Front 24

splenius capitis: insertion

Back 24

superior nuchal line and mastoid process of temporal bone

Front 25

splenius capitis: innervation

Back 25

dorsal rami C4-C8 spinal nerves

Front 26

splenius capitis: action

Back 26

extends and hyperextends head; rotates head to ipsilateral side

Front 27

splenius cervicis: origin

Back 27

spinous process of T3-T6

Front 28

splenius cervicis: insertion

Back 28

transverse process of C1-C3

Front 29

splenius cervicis: innervation

Back 29

dorsal rami of C4-C8 spinal nerves

Front 30

splenius cervicis: action

Back 30

extends and hyperextends head; rotate head to ipsilateral side

Front 31

erector spinae are composed of which muscles

Back 31

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

Front 32

erector spinae: acting unilaterally

Back 32

bends the vertebral column to ipsilateral side

Front 33

erector spinae: acting bilaterally

Back 33

extends the vertebral column and head

Front 34

iliocostalis cervicis, thoracis, lumborum: origin

Back 34

3rd-12th ribs and sacrum and medial iliac crest

Front 35

iliocostalis cervicis, thoracis, lumborum: insertion

Back 35

transverse processes of C4-C6, angles of 1st-12th rib

Front 36

iliocostalis cervicis, thoracis, lumborum: innervation

Back 36

dorsal primary rami of cercial, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves

Front 37

iliocostalis cervicis, thoracis, lumborum: blood

Back 37

posterior intercostal arteries

Front 38

longissimus capitis, cervicis, thoracis: origin

Back 38

transverse process of C5-C7, T1-!5 and lumbar vertebrae

Front 39

longissimus capitis, cervicis, thoracis: insertion

Back 39

mastoid process, transverse process of C2-C6 and thoracic vertebrae and 3rd-12th ribs

Front 40

longissimus capitis, cervicis, thoracis: action

Back 40

capitis muscles extends and rotates head; cervicis and thoracis muscles extend and laterally flex the vertebral column

Front 41

longissimus capitis, cervicis, thoracis:: blood

Back 41

posterior intercostal arteries

Front 42

spinalis capitis, cervicis, thoracis: orign

Back 42

ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7, spinous process of lumbar and thoracic vertebrae

Front 43

spinalis capitis, cervicis, thoracis: insertion

Back 43

spinous process of C2 and spinous process of T1-8

Front 44

spinalis capitis, cervicis, thoracis: innervation

Back 44

dorsal primary rami of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

Front 45

spinalis capitis, cervicis, thoracis: blood

Back 45

posterior intercostal arteries

Front 46

transversospinalis: acting unilaterally

Back 46

rotate the vertebral column and head toward contralateral side

Front 47

transversospinalis: acting bilaterally

Back 47

extend the vertebral column and head

Front 48

name the muscles comprising the transversospinalis

Back 48

semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

Front 49

semispinalis spans ___ segments

Back 49

4-6

Front 50

multifidus spans ___ segments

Back 50

2-4

Front 51

rotatores spans ___ segments

Back 51

1-2

Front 52

semispinalis capitis, cervicis, thoracis: origin

Back 52

C4-C7 and T1-T6, and transverse processes of T7-T12

Front 53

semispinalis capitis, cervicis, thoracis: insertion

Back 53

occipital bone, spinous processes of C2-C5 and T1-T4

Front 54

semispinalis capitis, cervicis, thoracis: innervation

Back 54

dorsal rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves

Front 55

semispinalis capitis, cervicis, thoracis: action

Back 55

extends vertebral column; rotate head the vertebral column on contralateral side

Front 56

semispinalis capitis, cervicis, thoracis: blood

Back 56

posterior intercostal arteries

Front 57

semispinalis capitis: bilateral action

Back 57

pulls head posteriorly

Front 58

semispinalis capitis: unilateral action

Back 58

pulls head posteriorly and turns it, causing chin to move superiorly and turn to ipsilateral side

Front 59

multifidus cervicis, thoracis, lumborum: best developed in which region

Back 59

lumbar

Front 60

multifidus cervicis, thoracis, lumborum: origin

Back 60

C4-C7, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, posterior superior iliac spine, sacrum

Front 61

multifidus cervicis, thoracis, lumborum: insertion

Back 61

spinous process of superior vertebra

Front 62

multifidus cervicis, thoracis, lumborum: innervation

Back 62

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 63

multifidus cervicis, thoracis, lumborum: bilateral action

Back 63

extends vertebral column

Front 64

multifidus cervicis, thoracis, lumborum: unilateral action

Back 64

rotates vertebral column to contralateral side

Front 65

multifidus cervicis, thoracis, lumborum: blood

Back 65

posterior intercostal arteries

Front 66

rotatores cervicis, thoracis, lumborum: best developed in which region

Back 66

thoracic

Front 67

rotatores cervicis, thoracis, lumborum: orign

Back 67

transverse process of all vertebrae

Front 68

rotatores cervicis, thoracis, lumborum: insertion

Back 68

spinous process of superior vertebra

Front 69

rotatores cervicis, thoracis, lumborum: innervation

Back 69

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 70

rotatores cervicis, thoracis, lumborum: bilateral action

Back 70

extends vertebra

Front 71

rotatores cervicis, thoracis, lumborum: unilateral action

Back 71

rotates vertebral column on contralateral side

Front 72

rotatores cervicis, thoracis, lumborum: blood

Back 72

posterior intercostal arteries

Front 73

segmental muscles (interspinalis): orign

Back 73

spinous process of C3-C7, T2-T12, L2-L5 vertebrae

Front 74

segmental muscles (interspinalis): insertion

Back 74

spinous process of superior vertebra

Front 75

segmental muscles (interspinalis): nerves

Back 75

dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves

Front 76

segmental muscles (interspinalis): action

Back 76

extends vertebral column; proprioceptive

Front 77

segmental muscles (interspinalis): blood

Back 77

posterior intercostal arteries

Front 78

segmental muscles (intertransversarii): origin

Back 78

transverse process of lumbar vertebrae to axis

Front 79

segmental muscles (intertransversarii): insertion

Back 79

transverse process of superior vertebra

Front 80

segmental muscles (intertransversarii): nerves

Back 80

ventral and dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 81

segmental muscles (intertransversarii): blood

Back 81

posterior intercostal arteries

Front 82

segmental muscles (levatores costarum): origin

Back 82

transverse processes of C7-T11

Front 83

segmental muscles (levatores costarum): insertion

Back 83

ribs

Front 84

segmental muscles (levatores costarum): nerves

Back 84

dorsal rami of C8-T11

Front 85

segmental muscles (levatores costarum): action

Back 85

elevate ribs; lateral flexion of trunk, respiration

Front 86

segmental muscles (levatores costarum): blood

Back 86

posterior intercostal arteries

Front 87

name the important landmarks on the posterior aspect of occipital bone

Back 87

external occipital protuberance (inion), external occipital crest, superior nuchal line, inferior nuchal line

Front 88

sub-occipital triangle is bounded by

Back 88

rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior, and obliquus capitis superior

Front 89

which muscle lies medial to the sub-occipital triangle

Back 89

rectus capitis posterior minor

Front 90

rectus capitis posterior major: origin

Back 90

spinous process of axis

Front 91

rectus capitis posterior major: insertion

Back 91

inferior nuchal line

Front 92

rectus capitis posterior major: nerve

Back 92

suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1)

Front 93

rectus capitis posterior major: action

Back 93

extends and rotates head

Front 94

rectus capitis posterior major: blood

Back 94

occipital artery

Front 95

obliquus capitis superior: origin

Back 95

transverse process of atlas

Front 96

obliquus capitis superior: insertion

Back 96

between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Front 97

obliquus capitis superior: nerve

Back 97

suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1)

Front 98

obliquus capitis superior: action

Back 98

bends head backward and laterally

Front 99

obliquus capitis superior: blood

Back 99

occipital artery

Front 100

obliquus capitis inferior: origin

Back 100

spinous process of axis

Front 101

obliquus capitis inferior: insertion

Back 101

transverse process of atlas

Front 102

obliquus capitis inferior: nerve

Back 102

suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1) and greater occipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C2)

Front 103

obliquus capitis inferior: action

Back 103

rotates head

Front 104

obliquus capitis inferior: blood

Back 104

occipital artery

Front 105

rectus capitis posterior minor: origin

Back 105

posterior tubercle of atlas

Front 106

rectus capitis posterior minor: insertion

Back 106

inferior nuchal line

Front 107

rectus capitis posterior minor: nerve

Back 107

suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus C1)

Front 108

rectus capitis posterior minor: action

Back 108

extends head

Front 109

rectus capitis posterior minor: blood

Back 109

occipital artery