Anatomy Col3 29 Pharynx Larynx Cn 9,10,11,12

Front 1

Spaces of the Pharynx:

Back 1

Peripharyngeal space
-retropharyngeal space
-parapharyngeal space

Front 2

Parapharyngeal space content muscles:

Back 2

-medial pterygoid m,
Riolan’s bouquet,
-pterygomandibular raphe
-pharyngeal constrictors

Front 3

Parapharyngeal space content nerves:

Back 3

-CN IX,
CN X,
CN XI,
CN XII

Front 4

Parapharyngeal space content vessels:

Back 4

-internal carotid a.
-internal jugular v.

Front 5

Parapharyngeal space content glands – bones and ligaments:

Back 5

styloid process - -
stylohyoid lig.,
stylomandibular lig.
parotid gland

Front 6

Riolan’s bouquet is made up by:

Back 6

stylopharyngeus m.
stylohyoid m.
styloglossus m.

Front 7

Larynx Functions:

Back 7

Sphincter to close lower respiratory tract (deglutition)
Instrument of voice production (phonation)
Tube for air passage (respiration)

Front 8

cricothyroid joint is between which structures:

Back 8

cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage(inf horns)

Front 9

crico-arytenoid joint is between which structures:

Back 9

cricoid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilage.

Front 10

Two folds sudividing laryngeal cavity into four major compartments:

Back 10

-Vestibular fold
-Vocal fold

Front 11

-laryngeal vestibule/ inlet is between which structures:

Back 11

epiglottis superior and Vestibular fold inferior

Front 12

Space below the vocal fold and the same level as the cricorid ligament:

Back 12

Infraglottic space

Front 13

Vestibular fold and Vocal fold makes a space between them:

Back 13

larynegal ventricle wich turn into the laryngeal saccule at the apex of the space

Front 14

Major regions (compartments) of the larynx:

Back 14

laryngeal vestibule
-larynegal ventricle (and laryngeal saccule) and
Infraglottic space

Front 15

Aryepiglottic fold has to tubercles + wich is closer to the notch:

Back 15

corniculate tubercle and cuneiform tubercle

Front 16

Laryngeal inlet is made up by:

Back 16

-Epiglottis
Aryepiglottic fold(inc the tubrcles) and
-interarytenoid notch

Front 17

Glottis is made up by:

Back 17

vocal folds + rima glottides

Front 18

Rima glottidis has which parts:

Back 18

intermembranous part and intercartilaginous part

Front 19

posteromedian portion of the laryngeal inlet is made up by:

Back 19

interarytenoid fold

Front 20

thyroid cartilage parts:

Back 20

-lamina (with oblique line and superior thyroid notch)
-laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)
-horns, superior and inferior

Front 21

cricoid cartilage parts:

Back 21

-lamina
–arch

Front 22

epiglottic cartilage parts:

Back 22

-stalk of epiglottis -> epiglottic tubercle

Front 23

unpaired cartilages of Laryngeal skeleton:

Back 23

thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage and epiglottic cartilage

Front 24

paired cartilages of Laryngeal skeleton:

Back 24

-arytenoid cartilage,
corniculate cartilage and
cuneiform cartilage

Front 25

arytenoid cartilage parts:

Back 25

-base and apex
-vocal process
-muscular process

Front 26

Extrinsic membranes of the Larynx:

Back 26

Thyrohyoid membrane and Cricotracheal ligament

Front 27

Intrinsic membranes of the Larynx:

Back 27

Quadrangular membrane and Conus elasticus

Front 28

Quadrangular membrane parts:

Back 28

ary-epiglottic fold, vestibular fold

Front 29

Conus elasticus Parts:

Back 29

vocal fold

Front 30

Laryngeal skeleton joints:

Back 30

cricothyroid joint, crico-arytenoid joint

Front 31

Movements at the cricothyroid joints:

Back 31

tilting thyroid cartilage downwards and upwards

Front 32

Movements at the crico-arytenoid joints:

Back 32

internal rotation <-> external rotation
-abduction <-> adduction
-anterior<-> posterior gliding

Front 33

Extrinsic laryngeal muscles function:

Back 33

change of the position of larynx

Front 34

Function of Muscles related with glottis:

Back 34

Change of the shape of rima glottidis and Change of the length and tension of the vocal folds

Front 35

muscles related with glottis names:

Back 35

lateral crico-arytenoid m.,
posterior crico-arytenoid m.,
transverse and oblique arytenoid mm.
cricothyroid m.
thyro-arytenoid m.
vocalis m.

Front 36

Muscles related with laryngeal inlet names:

Back 36

thyro-epiglottic m. ary-epiglottic m

Front 37

Which muscle is used during whispering:

Back 37

lateral cricoarytenoid

Front 38

Which muscle is used during phonation:

Back 38

transverse arytenoid

Front 39

Which muscles of the Larynx are the Tensor and relexor + function:

Back 39

Tensor: cricothyroid
Relaxer: thyro-arytenoid -

To adjust the pitch: change of dimensions (length, thickness) change of tension

Front 40

Larynx motor supply:

Back 40

Vagus n
-via -> superior laryngeal nerve to cricothyroid
-via -> inferior laryngeal nerve to remaining muscles Galen’s loop

Front 41

Larynx sensory supply:

Back 41

Vagus n
via superior laryngeal n
via inferior laryngeal n

Front 42

Injury to superior laryngeal nerve leads to:

Back 42

total – some weakness of phonation

Front 43

Injury to inferior laryngeal nerve leads to (or recurrent laryngeal n.):

Back 43

total – bilateral – loss of voice, breathing – difficult

partial – bilateral – Semon’s law – intense stridor, tracheotomy needed

Front 44

Thyroid gland parts:

Back 44

lobes, right and left, isthmus, pyramidal lobe

Front 45

Thyroid gland Arterial supply:

Back 45

inferior thyroid a. (from thyrocervical trunk),
superior thyroid a. (from external carotid a.)

Front 46

Thyroid gland veins:

Back 46

thyroid vv., superior, middle, inferior

Front 47

Parts of Pharynx and location:

Back 47

Nasopharynx (posterior to the nose and superior to the soft palate.),
Oropharynx (posterior to the mouth.),
Laryngopharynx (posterior to the larynx)

Front 48

Nasopharynx around the opening for the auditory tube there are to bulges:

Back 48

torus levatorius(below) Torus tubarius(on the side)

Front 49

Another fold begins on the inferior part of torus tubarius + which tonsil is close to it:

Back 49

salpingopharyngeal fold - tubal tonsil

Front 50

What can be found in the Nasopharynx:

Back 50

choanae, soft palate,
opening of auditory tube,
torus levatorius, torus tubarius, tubal tonsil, salpingopharyngeal fold,
pharyngeal recess and pharyngeal tonsil

Front 51

Isthmus of the fauces is what:

Back 51

part of the oropharynx directly behind the mouth cavity,

Front 52

Isthmus of the fauces borders:

Back 52

bounded superiorly by the soft palate(uvula),
laterally by the palatoglossal arches,
and inferiorly by the base of tongue .
Also palatopharyngeal arch somewhere

Front 53

Laryngopharynx has which structures:

Back 53

laryngeal inlet and piriform recess

Front 54

Attachments of pharynx (7):

Back 54

-medial pterygoid plate
-pterygomandibular raphe
-mandible
-tongue
-stylohyoid lig.
-hyoid bone
-thyroid and cricoid cartilage

Front 55

Sphincters of the pharynx:

Back 55

-superior pharyngeal constrictor m.
-middle pharyngeal constrictor m.
-inferior pharyngeal constrictor m.

Front 56

Levators of the pharynx:

Back 56

palatopharyngeus m.
salpingopharyngeus m.
stylopharyngeus m.

Front 57

Which structures go through gap between cranial base and superior pharyngeal constrictor:

Back 57

pharyngotympanic tube
-levator veli palatini m.

Front 58

Which structures go through gap between superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors:

Back 58

-stylopharyngeus m.
-CN IX
-stylohyoid lig

Front 59

Which structures go through gap between middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors:

Back 59

superior laryngeal vessels
-internal branch of superior laryngeal n

Front 60

Which structures go Below inferior pharyngeal constrictor:

Back 60

inferior laryngeal vessels
-recurrent laryngeal n.

Front 61

Which plexus is associated with the pharynx:

Back 61

pharyngeal plexus

Front 62

Pharynx sensory supply come from:

Back 62

-maxillary n.
-CN IX
-CN X

Front 63

Pharynx motor supply come from:

Back 63

-CN X( almost all) -CN IX

Front 64

Arterial supply of the pharynx:

Back 64

-ascending pharyngeal a. (from external carotid a.)
-ascending palatine a. (from facial a.)
-descending palatine a. (from maxillary a.)
-lingual a.
-inferior thyroid a.

Front 65

Vertebral level of LARYNX

Back 65

C3-C6 vertebrae

Front 66

Larynx connect what with what

Back 66

It connects the inferior part of the pharynx (oropharynx) with the trachea

Front 67

thyrohyoid membrane connect which structures:

Back 67

The superior border and superior horns attach to the hyoid bone by the t hyrohyoid membrane

Front 68

The elastic vocal ligamentsextend from what to where?,

Back 68

laminae of the thyroid cartilage anteriorly to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage posteriorly

Front 69

vocal ligaments are a part of which membrane

Back 69

The vocal ligaments are the thickened, free superior border of the conus elasticus

Front 70

opening between the vocal folds - name

Back 70

rima glottidis

Front 71

Torus Levatorius is due to:

Back 71

levator veli palatini muscle.

Front 72

Two fold that continues from Torus tubarius:

Back 72

Salpingopalatine fold (smaller and anterior) and Salpingopharyngeal fold (larger and go down).
Both “contains” muscle of the same name as fold

Front 73

Wich torus is the “main” one – its over what structure?

Back 73

Torus tubarius – its superior the opening for audiotory tube

Front 74

Torus tubarius covers some glands?

Back 74

tubal tonsil

Front 75

attachments of superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle:

Back 75

pterygomandibular raphe, side of tongue + more

Front 76

attachments of middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle:

Back 76

Stylohyoid ligament and greater and lesser horns of hyoid

Front 77

attachments of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle:

Back 77

thyroid cartilage and side of cricoid cartilage

Front 78

External layer of pharynx is made up by + function:

Back 78

The constrictor muscle
- Constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing

Front 79

internal layer of pharynx is made up by + function:

Back 79

Palatopharyngeus, Salpingopharyngeus, Stylopharyngeus
– Elevate (shorten and widen) pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking

Front 80

zenker's diverticulum location:

Back 80

area of muscle weakness between the inferior constrictor muscle and the cricopharyngeus muscle

Front 81

pharynx extends from to where?

Back 81

the base of the skull to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage.

Front 82

Pharyngeal plexus roots:

Back 82

Sensory: glossopharyngeal nerve 9,
Motor: vagus nerve (CN X) via its pharyngeal branches.
Vasomotor: superior cervical ganglion sympathetic fibers

Front 83

The sensory nerve supply of the mucous membrane of the anterior and superior nasopharynx is mainly from:

Back 83

the maxillary nerve (CN V 2).

Front 84

Pharyngeal plexus innvervates muscles of the pharynx and soft palate except:

Back 84

the stylopharyngeus (supplied by CN IX) and the tensor veli palatini (supplied by CN V 3)

Front 85

Nerve that supply most of the mucosa of all three parts of the pharynx ?

Back 85

glossopharyngeal nerve 9 via the pharyngeal plexus

Front 86

Intermediate tendon of digastric muscle perforates which muscle:

Back 86

Stylohyoid muscle

Front 87

parapharyngeal space anterior border:

Back 87

medial pterygoid muscle

Front 88

parapharyngeal space superior border:

Back 88

base of skull

Front 89

parapharyngeal space posterior border:

Back 89

prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

Front 90

parapharyngeal space medial border:

Back 90

lateral pharyngeal wall

Front 91

parapharyngeal space lateral border:

Back 91

parotid gland

Front 92

retropharyngeal space anterior border:

Back 92

posterior pharyngeal wall

Front 93

retropharyngeal space posterior border:

Back 93

prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

Front 94

retropharyngeal space lateral border:

Back 94

parapharyngeal space

Front 95

peripharyngeal space superior border:

Back 95

Joins retromandibular fossa

Front 96

peripharyngeal space anterior border:

Back 96

Joins floor of oral cavity

Front 97

peripharyngeal space posterior and medial border:

Back 97

communicates with retropharyngeal space

Front 98

glossopharyngeal nerve (9) starts where – pathway:

Back 98

lateral aspect of the medulla and leave the cranium through the jugular foramen.
passes between the superior and the middle pharyngeal constrictor of the pharynx to reach the oropharynx and tongue

Front 99

Vagus nerve (10) starts where – pathway:

Back 99

alateral aspect of the medulla that merge and leave the cranium through the jugular foramen positioned between CN IX and CN XI

CN X continues inferiorly in the carotid sheath to the root of the neck,

Front 100

accessory nerve (11) starts where – pathway:

Back 100

TN XI emerges as a series of rootlets from the first five or six cervical segments of the spinal cord - descends along the internal carotid artery, penetrates and innervates the SCM

Front 101

hypoglossal nerve (12) starts where – pathway:

Back 101

arises as a purely motor nerve by several rootlets from the medulla and leaves the cranium through the hypoglossal canal

-CN XII passes inferiorly medial to the angle of the mandible and then curves anteriorly to enter the tongue

Front 102

glossopharyngeal nerve (9) contains which type of fibers:

Back 102

Motor,
Visceral motor,
Sensory,
Special Sensory (Taste),
Visceral Sensory (Carotid body and sinus)

Front 103

Vagus nerve (10) contains which type of fibers:

Back 103

Somatic motor,
visceral motor(Parasympathetic),
somatic sensory,
special sensory(taste),
visceral sensroy

Front 104

accessory nerve (11) contains which type of fibers:

Back 104

somatic motor, sensory fibers from spinal nerves C2-C4

Front 105

hypoglossal nerve (12) contains which type of fibers:

Back 105

somatic motor

Front 106

glossopharyngeal nerve (9) Innervates:

Back 106

stylopharyngeus,parotid gland(via otic ganglion), mucosa of the oropharynx etc.

Front 107

accessory nerve (11) Innervates:

Back 107

sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and trapezius muscles

Front 108

hypoglossal nerve (12) Innervates:

Back 108

motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (styloglossus, hyoglossus, genioglossus)

Front 109

glossopharyngeal nerve sensory brachnes – names and innvervations:

Back 109

The pharyngeal, tonsillar,and lingual branches
-supply the mucosa of the oropharynx and isthmus of the fauces (L. throat), including the palatine tonsil, soft palate, and posterior third of the tongue

Front 110

Somatic motor – vagus supply what:

Back 110

Muscles of the soft palate. -All muscles of the larynx

Front 111

visceral motor(Parasympathetic) – vagus supply what:

Back 111

supply the thoracic and abdominal viscera to the left colic (splenic) flexure

Front 112

somatic sensory – vagus supply what:

Back 112

Dura mater of posterior cranial fossa, Skin posterior to the ear and External auditory canal

Front 113

special sensory(taste) – vagus supply what:

Back 113

Carry sense of taste from the root of the tongue and the taste buds on the epiglottis

Front 114

visceral sensroy – vagus supply what:

Back 114

Mucosa of the inferior pharynx,
Mucosa of larynx,
Baroreceptors in the aortic arch,
Chemoreceptors,
Thoracic and abdominal viscera

Front 115

Content of optic canal:

Back 115

Optic nerve, ophthalmic artery

Front 116

Content of superior orbital fissure:

Back 116

Oculomotor, trochlear nerve, lacrimal,frontal and nasociliary branches of ophthalmic nerve, abducent nerve and superior ophthalmic nerve

Front 117

Content of foramen rotundum:

Back 117

Maxillary nerve

Front 118

Content of foramen ovale:

Back 118

Mandibular nerve, accessory meningeal artery, lesser petrosal nerve

Front 119

Content of foramen spinosum:

Back 119

middle meningeal artery and vein meningeal brach of mandibular nerve

Front 120

Content of carotid canal:

Back 120

Internal carotid artery, internal carotid nerve plexus

Front 121

Content of internal acoustic meatus:

Back 121

Facial nerve, vestibulochlear nerve and labyrinthine artery

Front 122

Content of jugular foramen:

Back 122

Inferior petrosal sinus, glosspharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, sigmoid snuns and posterior meningeal artery

Front 123

Glossopharyngeal nerve branches:

Back 123

Tympanic
-Stylopharyngeal
-Tonsillar
-Nerve to carotid sinus
-Branches to the posterior third of tongue
-Lingual branches
-A communicating branch to the Vagus nerve

Front 124

Tympanic n branch of + innervates:

Back 124

CN 9
–Sensory fibers supply the middle ear.-

Parasympathetic secretory -secretomotor innervation to the parotid gland. The secretory fibers enter the otic ganglion.

-Sympathetic fibers (for the large deep petrosal nerve) through communication with the carotid plexus

Front 125

Stylopharyngeal n branch of + innervates:

Back 125

CN 9 - Stylopharyngeus muscle

Front 126

Tonsillar n branch of + innervates:

Back 126

CN 9 –supply the palatine tonsil, forming around it a plexus from which filaments are distributed to the soft palate and fauces, where they communicate with the palatine nerves.

Front 127

Function of internal Pharyngeal Muscles.

Back 127

These muscles elevate the larynx and shorten the pharynx during swallowing and speaking.