Anatomy - Chewing Swallowing Phonation

Front 1

* What is the superior/posterior portion of the mandible? Superior/anterior?

Back 1

Condyle (posterior), articulates with temporal in mandibular fossa

coronoid process in anterior

Front 2

What is happening in protrusion? retrusion?

Back 2

mandible goes out

mandible goes in

Front 3

* What are the four muscles of mastication?

Back 3

masseter, temporalis, lateral & medial pterygoid

Front 4

* What are the muscles of jaw elevation?

Back 4

Masseter, Temporalis, Medial Pterygoid

Front 5

* What are the muscles of jaw depression?

Back 5

Posterior and Anterior Belly of Digastric, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid, & Infrahyoid "strap" muscles

*all connect to Hyoid bone

Front 6

* What is the primary muscle responsible for jaw protraction?

Back 6

Lateral Pterygoid

Front 7

What innervates the masseter, temporalis, lateral & medial pterygoid?

Back 7

V3

Front 8

* What innervates the Posterior and Anterior belly of the Digastric?

Back 8

Posterior belly - Facial
Anterior belly - V3 (mylohyoid n.)

Front 9

What innervates both the anterior belly of the digastric m. and the Mylohyoid m.?

Back 9

Nerve to mylohyoid (branch of V3)

Front 10

What innervates the Geniohyoid?

Back 10

C1

Front 11

What is the "working side"? where is this in the jaw opening part of mastication?

Back 11

chewing side (balancing side is non-chewing)

jaw opening is depression and lateral movement toward working side

Front 12

* What muscle is responsible for the lateral movement of the jaw towards working side in jaw opening?

Back 12

lateral pterygoid on *balancing side* (opposite side) via unilateral protrusion

think: pushing balancing side out/over

Front 13

What are the general directions of the Opening Stroke, Closing Stroke, and Power Stroke ?

Back 13

Opening: depression and toward working side
Closing: Elevation and toward balancing side
Power: two phases *during occlusion* --> toward balancing side

Front 14

What muscle is responsible for the Closing stroke? including retrusion?

Back 14

Posterior Temporalis on balancing side

Front 15

Which cartilage in the neck goes all the way around the trachea?

Back 15

Cricoid

Front 16

There are two arches in the soft palate, what are they and which contains the uvula?

Back 16

Palatoglossal arch (contains uvula)
Palatopharyngeal arch (posterior position)

Front 17

Where are the three Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles? which one attaches to both the thyroid and cricoid cartilage?

Back 17

Superior, Middle, and Inferior all on POSTERIOR of trachea/espoh.

Inferior is attached to both thyroid and cricoid cartilages

Front 18

What muscles contract to produce "explosive swallowing"? is this voluntary or involuntary?

Back 18

pharyngeal constrictors

involuntary

Front 19

how does the bolus move down the esoph?

is this voluntary or involuntary?

Back 19

peristalsis

involuntary

Front 20

What are the four stages of Degultition?

Back 20

1) tongue pushes food bolus back, squeezing against hard palate
bolus passes into oropharynx
2) soft palate elevates and tightens to seal off nasopharynx
larynx moves up and forward; epiglottis flips closed
3) pharyngeal constrictors contract to produce “explosive swallowing”
food forced down into esophagus
4) bolus moves down esophagus by peristalsis

Front 21

** Which muscle "pulls" the thyroid cartilage forward or "closes" it? what is the result?
what is the innervation?

Back 21

Cricothyroid muscle (rotates anterior thyroid cartilage inferiorly)

vocal folds stretch --> high pitch sounds

Superior laryngeal n. (branch of Vagus)

Front 22

What is the relative location of the Arytenoid cartilage to the Thyroid and cricoid cartilages?

Back 22

medial or inside

Front 23

What is the larynx? pharynx?

Back 23

larynx: protects trachea, houses vocal folds

pharynx: area behind mouth and nasal cavity, ABOVE split into trachea/esophagus

"NOPL"

Front 24

* What muscles abduct the vocal folds? what does this lead to functionally?

Back 24

Posterior Cricoarytenoid (PC)

opens vocal folds --> breathing

"The PC opens doors ... you can breathe"

Front 25

* What muscles adduct the vocal folds? what does this lead to functionally?

Back 25

Rotation: Lateral cricoarytenoid (LC)
Sliding: Transverse arytenoid (TA)
Oblique arytenoid (OA)

closes vocal folds --> phonation

Front 26

What are the connection points of the vocal folds?

Back 26

Thyroid cartilage anteriorly

Arytenoid cartilage posteriorly

Front 27

* What are the four primary "actions" to the vocal folds and what does each result in?

Back 27

Abduction = Breathing
Adduction = Phonation
Relaxing = low pitch
Tensing = high pitch

Front 28

Which muscles relax the vocal folds?

Back 28

Thyroarytenoid muscle (ThA)
Vocalis (V)

"ThAaaaa V (deep)"

Front 29

Which muscles tense the vocal folds?

Back 29

Cricothyroid (CT) rotates anterior thyroid
cartilage inferiorly