Anatomy Chapter 8

Front 1

Layers of CT that separate an individual skeletal muscle from adjacent muscles and hold it in position.

Covers entire skeletal muscle

Back 1

fascia

Front 2

bandlike CT that connects muscle to bone. They may intertwine with the bones periosteum.

Back 2

tendon

Front 3

layer of CT that closely surrounds a skeletal muscle

Back 3

epimysium

Front 4

layers of CT that extend inward from the epimysium and separate the muscle tissue into compartments called fasicles and contain skeletal muscle fibers

Back 4

perimysium

Front 5

layer of CT that surrounds the skeletal muscle fibers within a fascicle.

Back 5

endomysium

Front 6

a single cell that contracts in respinse to stimulation and then relaxes when the stimulation ends

Back 6

skletal muscle fiber

Front 7

the CELL MEMBRANE of a skeletal muscle fiber. (outer part of cell)

Back 7

sarcolemma

Front 8

the cytoplasm of the skeletal muscle fiber (area within the fiber)

Back 8

sarcoplasm

Front 9

threadlikefibers in the sarcoplasm that lie parallel to one another and play a major role in muscle contraction.

Back 9

myofibrils

Front 10

THICK protein filament of the myofibrils that produce the light and dark markings of a skeletal muscle fiber

Back 10

myosin

Front 11

THIN protein filament of the myofibrils that produces the light and dark markings of a skeletal muscle fiber

Back 11

actin

Front 12

Light and dark markings of a skeletal muscle fiber

Back 12

striations

Front 13

sections of functional units that occur in a repeating pattern on the myofibrils. This does the contracting part of the muscle

Back 13

sarcomeres

Front 14

organelle that surrounds the myofibrils and is analogous to the ER. Makes contraction occur.

Back 14

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 15

The membranous channels that pass all the way through the skeletal muscle fiber (in the center)

Back 15

transverse tubules

Front 16

Two enlarged portions of the SR and lie on each side of the transverse tubules. (outer two)

Back 16

cisternae

Front 17

Nerve cells that control skeletal muscles (effectors) and connect one skeletal muscle fiber to another

Back 17

motor neuron

Front 18

Junctions or spaces between neurons

Back 18

synapses

Front 19

Biochemicals that are released at each synapse to stimulate the skelteal muscle fibers to contract.

Back 19

neurotransmitters

Front 20

What is made by the motor neuron?

Back 20

neurotransmitters

Front 21

The connection between the motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fiber. Made by the motor neuron and diffuses into the muscle fibers.

Back 21

neuromuscular junction

Front 22

Area of the muscle fiber membrane at the neuromuscular junction

Back 22

motor end plate

Front 23

the motor neuron and the muscle fibers that it controls.

Back 23

motor unit

Front 24

When a tendon forms broad sheets, what are they called?

Back 24

aponeuroses

Front 25

4 INGREDIENTS FOR A CONTRACTION

Back 25

1) ATP
2) ATPase
3) Calcium Ions from the SR go into the sarcoplasm
4) Acetylcholine

Front 26

4 INGREDIENTS FOR RELAXATION

Back 26

1) ATP
2) ATPase
3) Calcium Ions from the sarcoplasm go into the SR
4) Acetylcholinesterase

Front 27

Energy Storing Molecules. These molecules stores excess energy released when there ATP is in sufficient amounts

Back 27

Creatine Phosphate

Front 28

Usable Energy is called?

Back 28

ATP

Front 29

When energy use is high and the body is low on oxygen, anaerobic respiration sets in and lactic acid can build up in the muscle cells. This causes?

Back 29

Lowering of the pH, fatigue, and causes the muscles to no longer respond to stimulation.

Front 30

The ammount of oxygen needed for the liver cells to convert the lactic acid that has built up back into glucose so that muscle cells can restore ATP and Creatine Phosphate Concentrations.

Back 30

Oxygen Debt

Front 31

Muscle Type:
Involuntary, two types?

Back 31

Smooth
Irises of eye and walls of blood vessels

Front 32

Wave like motion due to transmission of impulses from cell to cell (intestines and esphagus)

Back 32

Peristalsis

Front 33

Three types of visceral muscles and where is it?

Back 33

walls of hollow oragans.
stomach intestines, bladder, and uterus.

Front 34

Involuntary muscle, only in heart

Back 34

Cardiac Muscle

Front 35

Voluntary, connect to bones

Back 35

skeletal muscle

Front 36

immovable end of the muscle

Back 36

origin

Front 37

movable end of the muscle

Back 37

insertion

Front 38

muscle that provides the majority of the movement that occurs

Back 38

prime mover

Front 39

muscles that ASSIST the prime mover

Back 39

synergists

Front 40

muscles that RESIST a prime mover's action

Back 40

antagonist