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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ORGANELLES. |
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What are organelles? |
Are metabolically active specialized structures within the cell |
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What do organelles do? |
Allow each cell to function according to its genetic code
and subdivide the cell into compartments |
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What are the major organelles of the cell? (7) |
Nucleus mitochondria ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complex lysosomes cytoskeleton |
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NUCLEUS |
.......... |
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Nucleus is what kind of organelle? |
The largest densest and most conspicuous organelle in the cell when viewed microscopically |
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A nucleus is found where? |
Found in all cells of the body except mature red blood cells |
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Cells usually have how many nuclei? |
Single nucleus |
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Which cells are multinucleated? |
Osteoclasts or skeletal muscles |
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What is known as the cells control center and also the cells data bank? |
Nucleus |
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What cells do not have a nucleus? |
Red blood cells |
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Whats inside of a nucleus? |
Genes in the form of DNA |
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What do gene determine? |
What the cell is and what the cell does
determines to a significant extent what we look like and who we are |
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The chief nucleic acid in the nucleoplam is what? |
Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA) , in the form of chromatin |
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DNA in the form of Chromatin is what? |
The chief nucleic acid in the nucleoplasm |
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In actively dividing cells the chromatin condenses into what? |
Visible, discrete, rodlike
chromosomes |
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What does each chromosome have/ |
Centromere |
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What is a centromere? |
A clear constricted area near the middle |
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Chromosomes become what? |
Two thread like chromatids (daughter chromosomes) joined by a centromere during cell division |
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What happens after cell division? |
Major segments of the chromosomes again become uncoiled and dispearse among the other components of the neucloplasm |
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Why is the nucleus known as the data bank of the cell |
It stores the genetic code |
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Why is the nucleus known as the control center |
Controls the other organelles in the cell it's influenced by what occurs inside of the cell as well as outside the cell |
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Where does the chemical message that results in genes switching on and off in the nucleus come from? |
the Cytoplasm |
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What does the cellular environment dictate |
which of the possibilities for differentiation, growth, development, and specialization will be expressed |
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Genes contain what? |
the total range of the possibilities |
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In the nucleus 3 important types of RNA are produced what are they? |
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
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What does Messenger RNA do? |
are complementary copies of distinct segments of DNA |
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What are transfer RNA? |
molecules capable of specifically binding to and transporting amino acid units for protein synthesis |
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The fluid part within the nucleus is the what? |
Nucleoplasm |
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What does the Nucleoplasm contain? |
important molecules used in the construction of ribosomes, nucleic acids, and other nuclear material |
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The nucleus is surrounded by what? |
Nuclear envelope |
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How is the nuclear envelope different from the cell membrane? |
Its double layered |
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The nuclear envelope may be pierced by what? |
Nuclear Pores |
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What do the nuclear pores do? |
Ac as avenues of communication between the inner nucleoplasm and the outer nucleoplasm |
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TRUE or FALSE? The number and distribution of these nuclear pores vary with the cell type, level of the cells activity, and with the states of differentiation level of the cells |
TRUE |
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What is contained within the nucleus? |
Nucleolus |
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What is Nucleolus? |
A prominent, rounded nuclear organelle that is centrally placed in the nucleoplasm |
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What does the nucleolus mainly produce? |
rRNA (ribosomal DNA) and nucleotides of the two other RNA's |
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Without a nucleolus what would happen? |
no protein synthetic activity would occur within the cell |
