Anatomy Chapter 6

Front 1

Principal structure is?

Back 1

the skin

Front 2

skin is what 4 things

Back 2

1)largest organ in the body
2)accounts for aprox. 15% of body weight
3)has the surface area of 8-11 sq. feet
4)average thickness of 2-4mm

Front 3

functions of skin (8)

Back 3

1)protection- U.V, Langerhans cells(bacteria)
2)sensation- temperature; vibratio; presure; pain;touch(haptics)
3)heat regulation- sweat; dermal blood vessel dialation; erector pili muscle
4)prevents fluid loss
5)storage and synthesis- storage for fats and water; synthesis of vitamin D
6)execretion- sweat contains urea (1/30th)of Urine
7)absorbtion-transdermal medicines by way of an adhesive patch
8)aesthetics

Front 4

skin layers

Back 4

a)epidermis-thin top layer(.05 eyelid, 1.5mm soles of feet)
b)dermis-thick deeper layer(.3 eyelid, 3mm on the back)

Front 5

epidermis

Back 5

-"epi" meaning over
-contains no blood vessels and is nourished by diffusion from the dermis

Front 6

dermis (layers)

Back 6

-made up of stratified squamus epithelial cells
-5 sublayers:(top to bottom)
*Stratum corneum-toughest (dead)
*Stratum lucidum- in palms/soles only
*stratum granulosum
*stratum spinosum
*stratum basale- contains the melanocytes
Cher Likes Getting Skin Botoxed

Front 7

cells are formed in the ?

Back 7

stratum basale through mitosis and move up the strata as they change sape and become filled with keratin

Front 8

keratin

Back 8

tough water proof protein in the epidermis hair and nails

Front 9

Dermis (function and structure)

Back 9

-connective tissue
Function:-cushions the body from stress and strain
-contains nerve receptors; blood and lymphatic vessels; sweat and oi glands
Structure:-superficial area:Papillary region
-deep thicker area:recticular region

Front 10

papilary region

Back 10

made of loose connective tissues has projections called papillae that extend toward the epidermis. these papillae strengthen the bondage between the layers

Front 11

dermal papillae (location?)

Back 11

in the fingertips, soles of feet and toe form friction ridges(helping in grasp)
Fingerprints-the unique pattern of friction ridges

Front 12

reticular region

Back 12

made up of dense connective tissue(collagen, elastic and reticular fibers), giving the dermis its properties of strength, extensibility and elasticity. (these break down causing wrinkles)

Front 13

hair

Back 13

a.hair follicle- live part of hair located in the dermis
b.hair shaft- visible part of hair (dead)
c.hair root- part of hair that is not seen

Front 14

hair loss

Back 14

alopecia

Front 15

alopecia androgenica

Back 15

male pattern baldness (genitic predisposition)

Front 16

nail body

Back 16

visible part of nail

Front 17

nail bed

Back 17

dermal tissue under the body

Front 18

sudoriferous=?

Back 18

sweat

Front 19

eccrine

Back 19

thin watery sweat (all over body)

Front 20

apocrine

Back 20

thicker (axillary and inguinal), begins in adolescence. Bacteria waste=body odor

Front 21

sebaceous

Back 21

-secretes oil(sebum) which is natures skin cream. keeps skin soft and aides in the waterproofing of skin.
-increases 5x in adolescence
-attached to every hair follicle

Front 22

receptors

Back 22

-sensory neurons
a.hir folicle endings--hair displacement
b.Ruffini endings--pressure on skin
c.Krause's end bulb--pressure(lips,tongue,genitals)
d.Pacinan corpuscle--vibration(150-300 hz range)
e.Meissner's corpuscle--vibration(20-40 hz range)
f.Free nerve endings--mechanical,thermal,noxious(pain)

Front 23

nocioceptors-

Back 23

specific for pain. Vary in consentrations depending on location

Front 24

MRSA

Back 24

(INFECTION)
*a strain of staph that devoloped in hospitals from overuse of anti-biotic materials.
*signs- small red papules that turn into deep absecesses, can remain in the skin. But, can travel to joints,bones,bloo etc. Can be life threatening.
*risk factors-hospital/nursing
-recent antiibiotic therapy
-invasive devices
-young age
-contact sports
-immunosupressed
-sharing razors
-prison innmates
*treatment: vancomycin
*prevention: good hygine

Front 25

Atopic Dermatitis (eczema)

Back 25

(auto immune)
*chronic inflamation of the skin
*signs- itching red rash with papules that ooze. Most often apear onn extremities also on eyes/lids
*risk- family history
-stress and emotion(will not cause it)
*treatments:reduce stress, over the counter meds like anti-itch cream and omega 3's

Front 26

Psoriasis

Back 26

-T-lymphacytes infiltrate the skin causing rapid motility of epidermal cells to the surface
*signs-red patches of skin covered in scales(plaque). Dry cracked skin with bleeding
*risks- genetics,HIV,stress,smoking,obesity
*treatment- symptomatic(toipical and oral meds, vitamin D,sunlight(small amounts),stress reduction

Front 27

Scleroderma-

Back 27

*a rare disease that hardens the skin and connective tissue caused by inflamation and over produce of collegen proteins
*Types 1.Localized-skin only
2.systemic-skin & organs(can be fatal)
*signs- skin get tight and shiny,difficulty bending fingers
*risk factors- NONE
*treatments:symptomatic relief

Front 28

basal cell carcinoma

Back 28

*the most common skin cancer,rarely fatal,can cause tissue damage.
*signs- a white/waxy bump with blood vesels in it.(face)
*risks- fair skin,family history,male,immune supressing drugs
*treatment- surgery,freezing,laser,topical drugs(Tazorac-used for acne)

Front 29

squamus cell carcinoma-

Back 29

slow growing,from epidermis. Can matastisize,but rarely.Faster than Basel cell.
*signs- small redish bumps/patches,sore tht does not heal
*treatment- smae as Basal cell

Front 30

Malignant Melanoma

Back 30

*aggressive malignancy,2-4% of skin cancers but 99% deadly
New cases this year-60,000
Deaths- 8,000
*signs- mole that meets one or more of the ABCDE
*treatment:surgery, chemo,radiation

Front 31

ABCDE=

Back 31

A-asymetry
B-border
C-color(change)
D-diameter
E-evolving any change