Anatomy Chapter 5

Front 1

health

Back 1

physiacal, spiritual, mental and social well being. Not meerly the absence of disease.

Front 2

disease

Back 2

abnormality in body functions that threatens well being

Front 3

sign

Back 3

an objective abnormality that can be seen or measured by someone other than the patient

Front 4

symptom

Back 4

a subjective abnormality that is experiencd only by the patient

Front 5

syndrome

Back 5

a collection of different signs and symptoms that present a clear picture of a spesific problem

Front 6

acute

Back 6

when signs and symptoms apear suddenly, persist for a short time, and then subside

Front 7

chronic

Back 7

a disease that develops slowly and lasts for a long time. (chronic conditions can begin with acute injuries)

Front 8

etiology

Back 8

study of all factors that can cause a disease

Front 9

idiopathic

Back 9

a disease with an unknown cause

Front 10

communicateicable

Back 10

a disease that can be transmitted from one person to another

Front 11

pathogenisis

Back 11

the pattern of how a particular disease develops

Front 12

steps of pathogenisis

Back 12

1)latent- "hidden stage AKA incubation
2)manifestation- the disease makes itself known
3)convalescence- recovery

Front 13

Remission

Back 13

when the disease exhibits a temporary reversal that seems to be a recovery

Front 14

epidemiology

Back 14

study of the occurence, distribution, and transmission of disease in human populations

Front 15

endemic

Back 15

diseases that are native to a particular geographial region

Front 16

epidemic

Back 16

when a disease affects many people at the same time

Front 17

pandemic

Back 17

a disease affecting large geographical regions in many parts of the world

Front 18

pathophysicology

Back 18

the study of the understanding physiological processes associated with disease.

Front 19

mutations

Back 19

a change in the genetic code;most are caused by mutagens> agents like chemicals, radiation, and viruses.

Front 20

chromosomal defects

Back 20

trisomy; down syndrome,

Front 21

single-gene disorders

Back 21

hemophillia, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia

Front 22

viruses

Back 22

intracellular paracites that consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes a limpoprotein envelope; influenza, mono, epstein baar virus

Front 23

bacteria

Back 23

primitive oragnisms with no nuclei, secrete toxins, overwhelm the body with colonies that impair normal function; strep, bacterial pheumonia

Front 24

fungi

Back 24

simmilar to plants but no chlorophyll (can't make their own food) must parasitize other organisms like athlete's foot; san Joaquin valley fever

Front 25

Fungal infections

Back 25

mycoses

Front 26

protozoa

Back 26

one-celled organisms; amebic dysentery; giardiasis; trichomoniasis

Front 27

nematodes

Back 27

round worms - enterobius; pinworm infestation in the lower GI tract causing rectal itching and insomnia

Front 28

platyhelmints

Back 28

flatworms or flukes. EX. Taenia- pork and beef tapeworm

Front 29

arthropods

Back 29

mites, ticks, lice, fleas, wasps, bees, spiders

Front 30

Benign tumors characteristics are

Back 30

slow growth, encapsulation, expand but don't spread, well differentiated, morality low

Front 31

malignant cancer characteristics are

Back 31

rapid growth, non-encapsulation, infultrate durrounding tissue, metastasizes, undifferentiated, morality high

Front 32

Benign tumors that arise from epithelial tissue

Back 32

papilloma- a fingerlike projection(wart)

Adenoma- benign tumor of glandular epithilial tissue

Nevus- small pigmented tumors of the skin

Front 33

Benign tumors that arise from connective tissue

Back 33

lipoma- fatty tumor(under the skin)

osteoma- bone tumor

chondroma- cartilage tumor

Front 34

malignant tumors that arise from epithilial tissue are called ?

Back 34

Carcinomas

Front 35

malignant tumors that arise from epithilial tissue

Back 35

Melanoma- malignancy of the melanin producing cells of the skin

Adenocarcinoma- malignant tumors of glandular epithilial

Front 36

Malignant tumors that arise from connective tissue are called ?

Back 36

Sarcomas

Front 37

Malignant tumors that arise from connective tissue

Back 37

lymphoma- cancer of the lymphatic tissue (HOdgkins)

osteosarcoma- of bone

myeloma- bone marrow

fibro sarcoma- fiborous connective tissue

Front 38

neuroblastoma

Back 38

malignancy of the nuerons

Front 39

multifome Glioma

Back 39

most common brain tumor in adults

Front 40

factors known to play a role in causing cancer

Back 40

1) genetic- 'oncogenes' skin; breast; colon
2) carcinogens- chemicals affectig genetic activity: petroleum, by -products, pestisides
3) age all cancers increse in insidence with age
4)viruses- human papiloma virus in cervical cancer
5)molds- aflatoxin- one of the most powerful carcinogens known that occurs in peanuts and corn.

Front 41

Ways in which we detect cancer

Back 41

1)self exam- breast, moles, testes etc.
2)dignostic imaging- MRI;CT scan; X-RAY
3)Lab tests
4) biopsy: microscopic evaluation of the tumor.

Front 42

staging

Back 42

classifying tumors by size and extent of metastisis

Front 43

gradeing

Back 43

assessing the likely pattern of a tumors development

Front 44

the cause of cancer deaths is usually ?

Back 44

secondary infection; organ ailure; hemorrhage

Front 45

cachexia

Back 45

the syndrome asssociated with the late stages of cancer involving weight loss and weakness.

Front 46

treatment

Back 46

1)surgery- removel of the tumor
2)chemotherapy- cytotoxic chemicals
3)radiation- pinpoint beams of radiation aimed at the tumor
4)laser therapy
5)immunotherapy- stimulating the immune system
6)nutrition, acupuncture, herbology, homeopathy
7)new drugs- great; Endostatin- cutting off blood supply to tumors

Front 47

8 warning signs of cancer

Back 47

1)sore that does not heal
2)a change in a wart or mole
3)unusual bleeding
4)chronic hoarseness or cough
5)chronic indegestion
6)change in bladder or bowel habits
7)a lump or thickening in any tissue
8)bone pain that wakes you up at night

Front 48

top 10 anti-cancer foods

Back 48

1)tomatoes
2)blueberries
3)red cabage and beets
4)spinich
5)garlic
6)whole grains
7)oranges
8)strawberries
9)beans
10)colorful foods

Front 49

autoimmunity

Back 49

A misdirected immune response that occurs when the immune system goes awry and attacks the body itself.
.EXAMPLES;
a)Chrohn's Disease
b)Diabetes
c)multiple sclerosis
d)rheumatoid Arthritus
e)Lupus
*Treatments are limited to symptomatic relief.

Front 50

Degenerative diseases

Back 50

a disease in which the function or structure of the affected tissues or organs will progressively
deteriorate over time,
whether due to normal bodily wear or lifestyle choices
EXAMPLES:1)alzheimers
2)Lou Gehrigs disease
3)Diabetes type 2
4)heart disease
5)Parkinson's
6)Osteoporosis
7)osteoarthritis