Anatomy Chapter 5

Front 1

Weight of skin?

Back 1

9 to 11 pounds

Front 2

Thickness of skin?

Back 2

1.5 to 4.0 mm

Front 3

Composition of skin?

Back 3

Pliable yet tough

Front 4

Epidermis

Back 4

Above dermis, non-vascularized

Front 5

Dermis

Back 5

Vascularized

Front 6

Hypodermis

Back 6

Mostly adipose or areolar connective tissues.

Front 7

What is the epidermis?

Back 7

Stratified squamous epithelium

Front 8

Keratinocytes

Back 8

Produce keratin.

Front 9

Melanocytes

Back 9

Synthesize melanin.

Front 10

Langerhans cells

Back 10

(Epidermal Dendritic Cells) that arises from bone marrow.

Front 11

Merkel cells

Back 11

At the Epidermal-dermal junction and function as a sensory receptor for touch.

Front 12

Where Thick Skin is found?

Back 12

On palms and fingertips.

Front 13

Five layers of the epidermis?

Back 13

1. Stratum Basale
2. Spinosum
3. Granulosum
4. Lucidium
5. Corneum

Front 14

Which layer of the epidermis is not present in thin skin?

Back 14

The lucidium layer.

Front 15

Stratum Basale

Back 15

Deepest layer (basement).

Front 16

Stratum Spinosum

Back 16

(Several) layers thick.

Front 17

Stratum Granulosum

Back 17

Thin layer, 3-5 layers.

Front 18

Keratohyaline granules?

Back 18

Contributes to keratin aggregation.

Front 19

Lamellated granules?

Back 19

Contain a waterproofing glycolipid which reduces water loss across epidermis.

Front 20

Stratum Lucidium?

Back 20

Thin band, consists of dead keratinocytes. Only in thick skin.

Front 21

Stratum Corneum?

Back 21

Outermost layer, 20-30 cell layers thick. Keratin and thicken plasma membranes protect skin against abrasion. Average person sheds 18 kg or 40 lbs. in a lifetime.

Front 22

Papillary layer?

Back 22

Thin, superficial layer of connective tissue.

Front 23

Dermal Papillae?

Back 23

Contains capillaries, nerve endings, and touch receptors.

Front 24

Papillae?

Back 24

In hands and feet, these lie atop dermal ridges, which produce whorled ridges (fingerprints.)

Front 25

Reticular Layer?

Back 25

Deep layer, about 80% of dermal layer.

Front 26

Blister?

Back 26

Seperation of epidermal and dermal layers by a fluid filled pocket.

Front 27

Flexure lines

Back 27

Dermal folds.

Front 28

Melanin

Back 28

Yellow to reddish-brown to black.

Front 29

Carotene

Back 29

Orange pigment.

Front 30

Hemoglobin

Back 30

Pinkish hue of fair skin.

Front 31

Cyanosis

Back 31

Skin appears blue due to lack of oxygen circulation.

Front 32

Erythema

Back 32

Reddened skin (blushing).

Front 33

Pallor

Back 33

Emotional stress, people become pale.

Front 34

Jaundice

Back 34

Abnormal yellow skin color that signifies a liver disorder.

Front 35

Bronzing

Back 35

Metallic appearance of skin (Addison's Disease) which is caused by a hypofunction of the adrenal cortex.

Front 36

Bruises

Back 36

Blood escaped from circulation and clots beneath skin.

Front 37

Sweat Glands

Back 37

All over body except on nipples or external genitalia. Approx. 2.5 million per person.

Front 38

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Back 38

Abundant on the palms, soles, and forehead.

Front 39

Sweat

Back 39

Composed of 99% water.

Front 40

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Back 40

Only in axillary and anogenital areas.

Front 41

Ceruminous Glands

Back 41

Modified apocrine glands found in lining of extermal ear canal.

Front 42

Cerumen

Back 42

Earwax.

Front 43

Sebaceous Glands

Back 43

Simple alveolar glands found all over the body except on palms and soles.

Front 44

Main Function of Hair and Hair Follicles?

Back 44

To sense insects before we get stung.

Front 45

Function of Hair on Scalp?

Back 45

To guard head against physical trauma, heat loss, and sunlight.

Front 46

Pili

Back 46

Flexible strands produced by hair follicles consisting of keratinocytes.

Front 47

Shaft

Back 47

Region of hair which projects from the skin.

Front 48

Root

Back 48

Region of hair embedded in skin.

Front 49

Medulla

Back 49

Central core.

Front 50

Cortex

Back 50

Bulky layer surrounding the medulla, has several layers of flattened cells.

Front 51

Cuticle

Back 51

Single layer of cells that overlap (like shingles on a roof).

Front 52

Hair Follicles

Back 52

Extend from the epidermal surface into the dermis.

Front 53

Hair Bulb

Back 53

Deepest part of follicle.

Front 54

Root Hair Plexus

Back 54

Sensory nerve endings.

Front 55

Papilla

Back 55

Provides nutrients to the growing hair.

Front 56

Connective Tissue Root Sheath

Back 56

Derived from the dermis.

Front 57

Epithelial Root Sheath

Back 57

Derived from an invagination of the epidermis.

Front 58

Hair Matrix

Back 58

Actively dividing area of the hair bulb.

Front 59

Arrector Pili

Back 59

Allows hair to stand straight up.

Front 60

Number of Hairs on the Scalp?

Back 60

About 100,000

Front 61

Vellus

Back 61

Hair that is fine, pale; usually in children and adult females (Peach Fuzz)

Front 62

Terminal

Back 62

Hair that is coarser, thicker.

Front 63

Alopecia

Back 63

Hair thinning and some baldness. Happens later in life.

Front 64

Male Pattern Baldness

Back 64

Genetics.

Front 65

Nail

Back 65

A scalelike modification of the epidermis that forms on the dorsal side of fingers or toes.

Front 66

Free Edge

Back 66

Tip of Nail.

Front 67

Body

Back 67

Visible attached portion of nail.

Front 68

Proximal Root

Back 68

Part of nail that is embedded in skin.

Front 69

Nail Matrix

Back 69

Part that is responsible for nail growth.

Front 70

Lunula

Back 70

Lies over matrix of nail.

Front 71

Nail Folds

Back 71

Proximal and lateral boarders of nail.

Front 72

Cuticle

Back 72

Area folded onto body of nail.

Front 73

First Degree Burn

Back 73

Epidermis is damaged. Localized redness, swelling, and pain. Heal in two to three days; sunburn.

Front 74

Second Degree Burn

Back 74

Injure the epidermis and the upper region of the dermis. Heal in three to four weeks.

Front 75

Third Degree Burn

Back 75

Involves the entire thickness of the skin.

Front 76

Skin Grafting?

Back 76

Rejection by body.

Front 77

Benign

Back 77

Non-cancerous.

Front 78

Malignant

Back 78

Invade other body areas.

Front 79

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Back 79

Most Common Skin Cancer.

Front 80

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Back 80

Arises from the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum.

Front 81

Malignant Melanoma

Back 81

Cancer of melanocytes; Most Dangerous Skin Cancer.

Front 82

ABCD Rule

Back 82

Asymmetry= Sides don't match.
Border Irregularity= Borders aren't smooth.
Color= Many Colors.
Diameter= Larger than 6mm.

Front 83

Skin is formed.

Back 83

Happens by the fourth month of development?

Front 84

Fetus is covered with a downy coat of delicate hairs called the lanugo coat.

Back 84

So significant during the 5-6 months of development?

Front 85

Vernix Caseosa

Back 85

Protects the fetus's skin.

Front 86

Rate of epidermal cell replacement slows, the skin thins, and its susceptibility to bruises and other types of injury increases.

Back 86

What happens during old age?

Front 87

Skeletal

Back 87

System which provides support for the skin.

Front 88

Muscular

Back 88

System that helps skin protect muscles.

Front 89

Nervous

Back 89

System that helps protect nervous system organs.

Front 90

Endocrine

Back 90

System that converts some hormones to their active forms.

Front 91

Cardiovascular

Back 91

System that prevents fluid loss from body.

Front 92

Immune

Back 92

System that prevents pathogen invasion.

Front 93

Respiratory

Back 93

System that removes carbon dioxide via gas exchange with blood.

Front 94

Digestive

Back 94

System that provides needed nutrients to the skin.

Front 95

Urinary

Back 95

System that excretes salts and some nitrogenous wastes in sweat.

Front 96

Reproductive

Back 96

System in which highly modified sweat glands produce milk.