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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 7 functions of the integumentary system?
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1. protection
2. thermoregulation 3. excretion 4. nutrition 5. sensation 6. immune defense 7. synthesis vitamin D3 |
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cutaneous membrane that covers entire body and meets mucous membranes of other systems (respiratory, digestive, reproductive, urinary)
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skin
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what are the 2 parts of the skin?
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epidermis and dermis
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stratified squamous epithelium containing cells that eventually undergo keratinization
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epidermis
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layer of connective tissue under epidermis
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dermis
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this type of epidermis has 5 layers and is found on palms of hands and soles of feet
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thick skin
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type of epidermis that has only 4 layers... stratum lucidum is missing and is found everywhere on body exceept hands and feet
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thin skin
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what are the 5 layers (strata) of the epidermis
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1. stratum germinativum
2. stratum spinosum 3. stratum granulosum 4. stratum licidum 5. stratum corneum |
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layer of epidermis attached to basal lamina
-separated epidermis from loose connective of dermis -has stem cells (basal cells) that divide and replace keratinocytes which are shed - melanocytes - merkel cells - 1 cell layer thick |
stratum germinativum
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-second layer from basal lamina of epidermis
- cells show spines -stem cells begin differentiating into keratinocyte in this layer - Landerhans cells |
stratum spinosum
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-third layer from basal laminae of epidermis
- cells start to keratinze |
stratum granulosum
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this layer of epidermis is only present in thick skin
- second from surface layer - clear layer, hard to see cells |
stratum lucidum
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- top layer of epidermis (exposed to surface)
- layers of flattened dead interocking cells - forms barrier with glandular secretions (water resistant) - takes 20-30 days for keratinocyte to move from germinativum to this later -cells are usually about 14 days old before they shed |
stratum corneum
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- this cell type is found in all layers
- most abundant cell in epidermis - loses all organelles and becomes keratinized |
keratinocytes
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- found only in stratum basale
- pigment-producting cells - protection from UV |
melanocytes
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- found only in stratum basale
- mechanoreceptors - contains neurosecretory granules |
Merkel cells
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- found mainly in stratum spinosum
- phagocytic - antigen presenting cells -important in immune response |
Landerhans cells
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this layer of the dermis has loose connective tissue
- projections up into epidermis called dermal papilla |
papillary layer
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what are the 2 contents of the papillary layer?
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1. capillaries
2. nerves |
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this is the dense connective tissue layer of dermis
includes: - blood vessels -hair follicles -nerves -sweat glands -sebaceous glands - bundles of collagen -elastic fibers - resists tension |
reticular layer
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what are the 2 layers of the dermis?
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1. papillary
2. reticular |
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the following are called what?
- hair follicles and hair - sebaceous glands - sweat glands - nails - mammary glands |
accesory (adnexal) structures
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- superficial fascia
- not part of integument - stabilize skin and underlying structures -loose connective tissue and fat |
subcutaneous layer
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keratinized filament that develops from invagination of the epidermis
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hair follicle
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what are the 3 parts of a hair follicle
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buld
root shaft |
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what are the 3 layers of a hair:
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1. medulla at center
2. cortex surrounding medulla 3. cuticle external to cortex- dead hard keratinized cells |
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this nerve surrounds base of hair shaft and detects movement of shaft
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sensory nerve
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what muscle elevates hair?
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arrector pili
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what are the 4 types of hair
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1. lanuga
2. vellus 3. intermediate 4. terminal |
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what are the 3 phases in the hair growth cycle
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1. anagen
2. catagen 3. telogen |
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Approximately 85 percent of
the hair on your head are in the growing phase at any given time. This phase lasts 2 to 5 years. - Hair grows at the rate of approximately 6 inches per year. |
anagen
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this is the down regulation phase in the hair growth cycle
- lasts 1-2 weeks |
catagen
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- resting phase in the hair growth cycle
- 5-6 weeks - 10 -15% of all hairs are in resting phase |
telogen
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glands associated with upper 1/3 of hair follice
- oily substance dischanged onto hairs - holocrine manner of secretion |
sebaceous glands
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sweat gland found in axilla and groin
- limited distribution - produce secretion with high concentration of protein - (which is acted upon by bacteria) causing odor - ducts open into hair follicle |
apocrine
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- sweat gland found almost everywhere else on skin surfaces
- includes axilla, groin, thin and thick skin - more numerous -produces thin, watery, secretion - important for thermo- regulation - duct opens into skin |
merocrine (eccrine)
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- this accesory structure functions to protect exposed digit tips
- limit mechanical distortion - on dorsal tips of fingers and toes |
nails
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this covers the nail bed
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nail body
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this functions in nail production
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nail root
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this is the cuticle of the nail- portion of stratum corneum
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eponychium
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this is the thickened stratum corneum under free edge of nail
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hyponychium
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- lies on either side of chest well in subcutaneous tissue deep to the skin
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mammary gland
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region of darkened skin around nipple
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areola
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how many lobes (lactiferous sinuses) is each mammary gland composed of?
how are they arranged? |
approximately 20
arranged like spokes on a wheel |
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what do lactiferous ducts expand into?
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lactiferous sinuses
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the bands of connective tissue that extends between lobules and lobes
- originate from skin |
suspensory ligaments
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what is resting mammary gland mostly made of?
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ducts
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what occurs during pregnancy?
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1. glandular cells
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