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106 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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mesenchyme
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embryonic stem cell.
Not in adult |
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Mucus connective tissue
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Loose embryonic connective tissue
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Whartons Jelly
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Areolar Tissue
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Least specialized
Open framwork Viscous ground subsance elastic fibers (capilaries deliver O2 to epithelia) (basal lamina seperates loose connectve tissue) |
LOVE
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Transitional epithelium functions
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Permits expansion and recoil after stretching
(bladder, renal pelvis ureters) |
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Simple Columner
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Protect against chemical stresses , absorption and secretions
S and L intestant, stomach |
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Stratified Columner
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Usually has two layers
Protection via action in cilia an apical surfaces of layer nearest the lumen Pharynx, urethra, epiglottis, anus |
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Apocrine secretions
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Produced in Golgi Apparatus
mammary gland |
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Holocrine gland
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released by cells bursting, killing a gland cell
Gland cell replaced by stem cell |
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serous gland
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Watery secretions containing enzxymes
Parotid gland |
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Mixed exocrine gland
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both serous and mucus.
Submaandible layer |
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Types of membranes
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Serous
Mucus Cutaneous Synovial |
SMCS
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3 Cavities and Serous membrane
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Pericardium
Peritoneum Pleural |
PPP
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Synovial Membrane
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Line moving joint cavities
Produces synovial fluid provides O2 and nutrients to cartilage cells Protect end of bones prevents friction lacks a true epitelium |
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Stratified Cuboidal functions
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Protections, Secretion,absorption
Sweat glands |
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Pseudostratified columner
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appears stratifie
every cell is in contact with basal lamina line trachea, most nassal cavitiy, bronchi, male reproductive tract |
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Types of secretions
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Serious Gland
Mucus Gland Mixed Exocrine Gland |
SMM
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Mucus Gland
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Secretes musucs
sublingual gland, submucosal gland of L intestant |
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Mucos membrane
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Line passage waysthat hae external connections
Digestive, repro, resp urinary |
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Serous membrane
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Line cavities not open to uytside
Thin/strong Have fluid transudate to reduce friction |
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Cutaneous Membrane
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Skin, surface of body
thick, water proof and dry |
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Simple cuboidal
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Limited protection, secretioon and abosorption
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Stratified Cuboidal epithelial
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Found in larger ducts;
mammory and sweat ducts |
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Simple cuboidal epithelium
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secretion and absorption
limited protections ex: lines kidney tubuless |
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Stratified Squamous functions
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provied physical protection against abrasion, pathogen and chemical attacks
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non keratinized
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resists abrasion but deteriorates unless kept moise
esophagus, pharynx, oral cavity |
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keratinized
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Keratin proteins add strenth and water resistance
surface of skin |
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Types of stratified Squamous
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Keratinized
Non kerartinized |
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Functions of Simple Squamous
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Control vessel permeability
Performs absorption and secretion reduce friction |
CPR
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endothelum (type of squamous)
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Lungs heart and bld vessesl
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Mesothelium (type of squamous
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Lines body cavities that dont communicate with the external world
pleural pericardium paritoneal |
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simple squamous
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located in protective regions where absorption and diffusion take place
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stratified epithelium
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several layers of cells
skin surface, lining of mouth |
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simple epithelium
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fragile, single layer
linning of intestine lining of alveoli |
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epithelia are replaced by:
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germinative cells (stem cells)
Near basal lamina |
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Desmosomes
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ties cells together
allow bending and twisting |
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Gap junctions
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held together by channel protein
coordinate contrations in heart allows ions to pass |
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tgight junctions
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Adhesive belt
attaches to trmianl web isolates waste in lumen |
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types of cell junctions
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Tight
Gap Desmosomes |
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3 specializations of epihelial tissues
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move fluid over epithelium(Protection)
Move fluid through epithelium(permeability) Produce secretions (protections and messenger) |
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4 functions of epithelium tissues
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Provide physical protection
Control Permeability Produce specialized secretions Provide sensation |
PPPC
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Characteristics of Epithelia
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Attachment
Polarity Avascularity Regeneration Cellularity |
APARC
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Regeneration
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cells continuously replaced by division of stemcells
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Avascularity
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Lack bld vessels
receive nutrition via diffusion/absorption across either apical or basal surfaces |
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attachment
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Base of epitehlial cell bound to a basement membrane/basal lamina
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Polarity
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structural/functions differences between exposed and attached cell surfaces
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cellularity (cell junctions)
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cells are bound closely together via interconnections
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glands
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types of epithelial tissues:
Structres that produce secretions |
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epithelia
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type of epitelial tissue:
layers of cells covering internal or external surfaces |
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what does the nerual tissues do?
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carries electronc signals from 1 part of body to another
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what does muscle tissues do?
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specialized for contractions
skeletalmuscle, heartmusscle walls of hollow organs |
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What does connective tissu do?
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Supports other tissues
Transports materials (blood) Fills internal spaces stores energy (adiopose) |
Stfs (stiffs)
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what does epitehlial tissues do?
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covers exposed surfaces
lines internal passageways forms glands |
can liars fight
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3 ways connective form framwork of body
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Provide strength and stability
Maintain position of organs Provides routes for bld vessesl, lymphatic vesssels and nerves. |
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Skeletal Muscle
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Striated
voluntary multi nucleus |
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cardiac muscle tissue
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striated
involuntary single nucleus |
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smoothe muscle tissue
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non striated
involuntary single neucleus |
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cells restore homeostasis with what?
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Inflammation
regeneration |
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Process of inflammation
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damaged cells release chem signals
cell breaks down, lysosome releases enzymes pus forms in wound injury stimulates mast cell and dialates bld vessels plasma diffuses to bld vessels phagocytic leukocytes clean up |
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process of regeneration
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fibroblast move into necrotic area
new cells migrate to area not all tissues can regenerate (cardiac and nerurons) Epithlieal and conn can |
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effects of aging
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chemical and structural changes:
thinning of tissues bone brittleeness joint pain cardiovasucal disease mental deterioration |
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tissue injuryand repari systems
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inflammation and regeneratiion
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Parts of a neuron
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cell body, dendrites, axon
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2 types of neural tissue
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neurons
neuroglia |
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classifications of muscle tissues
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striation
nucleation voluntary control |
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3 types of muscle tissues
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skeletal
cardiac smoothe |
SCS
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fasciae consists of:
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superficial
deep subserous |
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classification of connective tissue
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connective tissue proper
fluid connective s\tissues supporting connective tissues |
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structural of connvective
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matrix
ground substance protein fibers |
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functions of connective tissues
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structural
transport protection support connections energy storage |
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classification of epithelial glands
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method of secretion (exocrine, endocrine)
By type of secretion ( merocrine, apocrine, holocrine) Organization (uni, multi) Structure ( branch or duct) |
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classification of epithelial cells
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number of cell layers (stratified simple)
Shape of cells(cuboidal, squamous, columnar) |
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maintenance of epithelial
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germinative
stem |
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attachments of epithelia to other cells and underlying tissues
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polarity
cell adhesion molecules cell junctions |
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specialized of speithial cells for motion and sensation
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cilia
microvilli |
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division of epitelial tissues into epithelia and glands
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epithelia as avascular barriers for protection
glands as secretory structures |
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elastic fibers functions
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stablizes positions of vertebrae andpenis
cusions socks permits expansion and contraction of organs |
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organization of specialized cells into tissues
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epithelial
connective muscle nervous |
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lymph functions
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helps eliminate diff in local leels of nutrients, waste ans toxins
maintains blood volume early warnign of infection |
HEM
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Fluid tissue transport
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cardiovasucalr ( arteries arterioles capilaries)
blood pressuure forcvees plasma aout of capillaries (venules veins) |
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platelets
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cell fragments(contain enzymes)
clotting (function inhibited by ingestion ofasprin) |
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White blood cells
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Neutrophils (phagocytic)
Eosinopils (phagocytic) Basophilis Lymphocytes Monocytes |
Never Eat Bad Looking Monkeys
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fluid connective tissue
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transprots formed elements
blood lymph surrounds cell, watery matrix of dissolved protein in blood, matrixis (plasm) |
blood, lymph
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elastic fibers
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contain elastin
branched and wavy return to original length after stretching stablixzes vertebrae of spinal column |
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dense irregular connective tissues (functions)
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provides stength
helps prevent overexpansion of organs layered in skin arround cartilages (perichondrium) Around bones (Periosteum) |
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dense regular connective tissues (functions)
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provides firm attachment
conductspull of muscle reduces friction between muscle stablizes relative positon of bones Networ of interwoven fibers (stoma) tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses |
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collagen fibers
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most common fibers in CTP
Long,. straight unbranched strong and flexible resist forcec inone directions Muscle to bone-tendon bone to bonee-ligament |
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dense connective tissue
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more fibers less gound substance, tendons
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loose connective tissue
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less fiber, more ground tissue- adiopose
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8 cell types of connective tissue proper
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fibroblasts
macrophages adiopocytes mesenchymal melanocyte mast cells lymphocytes microphages |
From My annoying much missed mothers laying meneuvure
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cartliage
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matrix is a gel
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supportive connective tissue
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Structureal stenth
cartilage bone |
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connective tissue proper
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connects and protect
-loose connective, -dense connective |
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specific functions of connective tissue
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establishes structural framework for body
transport flui9ds and sissolved materials protects delicate organs supports, surrounds, and protects other tissues stores energy reserves defends the body from invanding microorganisms |
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functions of connective tissue
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connect epithelium to rest of body
provides structure store energy transport material NOcontact with environment |
Can tanya please stop
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3 classifcations of tissues
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connective tissue proper
fluid connectivetissue supporting connective tissue |
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Functions of riticular tissue
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provides support
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Reticular tissues;
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Comples, 3d network
formed by reticular fibers supportive fibers spleen liver lymph nodes bone marrow fixed macrophages and fiberblasts are found here |
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Functions ofadipose tissue
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Provide padding and cusion
insulation stores energy reserves |
PIS
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Adipose tissues:
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cannot divide
expland to store fat shrink as fats are released |
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*What happens when there are notenough adipocytes to store all the circulating lipids? how does the body cope?
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mesenchyme cells divide and differentiate to produce more fat cells when more storage is needed
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*why would infants need more fat?*
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infants radiae haet more quickly and need a quick reserve energy source-supplied by brown fat
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brown fat
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infants and young children (neck and shoulder blades)
more vascularized has more mitochondira=brown when stimulated by nervous system, fat is metabolized to produce heat |
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white fat
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type of adipose tissue
most common, unders kin of butt, flanks, socets behind eyes, etc stores fat act as packing ground structure absorbs shock slows heat loss (insulation) |
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types of loose connective tissue
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embryonic mucus
areolar conn adipose reticular |
EAAR
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General functions of loose connnective tissues
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fills sp[ace bwtween organs
cussions andstablisez specialize vells support epithelia surrounds and supports bld vessels and nerves store lips ds diffusion routefor materials |
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ground substance in connective tissue proepr
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clear, colarless and viscous
fills space between cells and slows pathogens |
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