Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Whats the name of the study of prenatal development? |
Embryology |
|
|
What are the 3 distinct periods during prenatal development? |
pre-implantation period Embryonic Period Fetal Period |
|
|
What is the time frame for the period of Pre-implantation? |
1 Week |
|
|
What happens during the period of Pre-implantation? |
The ovum is penetrated by the sperm
Fertilization |
|
|
What is the definition for Primordium? |
Earliest indication or sign of part of an organ during prenatal development |
|
|
Where does Meiosis occur? |
Occurs between the sperm and ovum |
|
|
What is created during Meiosis? |
a new individual via the combination of chromosomes
Zygote |
|
|
What is the definition of Zygote? |
Fertilized egg from union of ovum and sperm |
|
|
Which happens first Meiosis or Mitosis? |
Meiosis |
|
|
What happens during Mitosis? |
Cell Division "Cleavage" |
|
|
After initial cleavage the solid ball of cells is known as what? |
Morula |
|
|
Blastocyst is formed during mitosis due to the formation of a what? |
Vesicle |
|
|
The Vesicle is what? |
A ball of fluid secreting cells |
|
|
What is the sequence for pre-implantation? |
The sperm and ovum fertilize a Zygote is formed Meiosis occurs which is a mixing of chromosomes) Mitosis (Cell division) Blastocyst is present (collection of cells) Traveling toward the site of implantation (Uterus) Implantation occurs on the uterus wall Trophoblast Layer( found of the perimeter of blastocyst)= prenatal support tissues Embryoblast Layer which is found in the blastocyst)= creates embryo
|
|
|
Where does implantation occur |
Uterus Wall |
|
|
Where is the trophoblast layer found? |
on the perimeter of blastocyst
|
|
|
The Trophoblast layer ='s What? |
Prenatal support tissues |
|
|
Embryoblast layer is found where? |
in the blastocyst |
|
|
Embryoblast layer creates the? |
Embryo |
|
|
Mitosis occurs when? |
During grow and repair |
|
|
Meiosis takes place when? |
reproduction |
|
|
Trophoblast layer consist of what kind of cells? |
peripheral cells |
|
|
Where does the blastocyst become in embedded at, at the end of the first week? |
Endometrium |
|
|
Embryoblast layer is made of what cells? |
Small inner mass of embyronic cells |
|
|
Which layer gives rise to important prenatal support tissues? |
Trophoblast layer |
|
|
Which layer later gives rise to the embryo during the next prenatal period? |
Embryoblast Layer |
|
|
What is the time period for the Embryonic Period |
Beginning of 2nd week- end of the 8th week |
|
|
What are the different processes during the embryonic period? |
Induction Proliferation Differentiation Morphogenesis Maturation |
|
|
What period does the Blastocyst form into an embryo |
The Embryonic period |
|
|
Induction is when? |
One group of cells acting on another group of cells.
Where the proximity or contrast between cells is enough for induction |
|
|
Proliferation is what? |
Controlled cellular growth |
|
|
Interstital growth occurs where |
Internally or within |
|
|
Appositional Growth occurs by what? |
Layers opposite to interstitial |
|
|
Growth can be disproportionate within a structure and is not always uniform like the growth of a balloon as described in our text.
TRUE OR FALSE |
TRUE |
|
|
Differentiation is action that what? |
Changes identical cells to unique cells
|
|
|
Ctyodifferentiation equals what? |
Creation of different cell types |
|
|
Histodifferetiation equals what? |
Creation of different tissue types |
|
|
Morphodifferentiation equals what? |
Creation of different structures |
|
|
Maturation beings in what phase and continues in the what stage? |
Begins in Embryological phases
Continues in Festal phases |
|
|
Maturation is what? |
The Attainment of complete form, function, and size |
|
|
In week two of the prenatal development the blastocyst is what? |
Profilerates, differentiates, and morphogenesis |
|
|
Embryonic Cell layers in the second week |
are created (germ layers) |
|
|
When is the bilaminar Embryonic disk formed? |
In the second week of the prenatal development |
|
|
How does the bilaminar embryonic disk appear? |
As a collection of cells that are between the yolk sac and amniotic cavity |
|
|
The bilaminar disk becomes the what? |
Embryo |
|
|
Hypoblast layer is what layer inferior or superior and made of what cells? |
Inferior and small cuboidal cells |
|
|
Epiblast layer is what layer inferior or superior and made of what cells |
Superior layer and high columnar cells |
|
|
Amniotic Cavity is on what layer side? and is it Inferior or superior |
The Epiblast layer side/ Superior and appears smaller |
|
|
Yolk Sac is on what layer? Inferior or Superior? and appears how |
On the hypoblast layer/ Inferior and appears Larger |
|
|
Placenta does what? |
Surrounds the majority of the blastocyst connects the pregnant women to the developing embryp |
|
|
The Bilaminar Disk forms what in week 3 |
Primitive Streak |
|
|
What is the Primitive Streak |
A thick proliferation in the mid-line area, therefore creating a symmetry on either side of the streak |
|
|
What is the Mesenchyme |
Created or originated from the migratory cells that come from the epiblast layer into the primative streak. Therefore it is as if the cells migrate to the primitive streak area to become something else/ better themselves |
|
|
Mesoderm is what? |
The new layer that forms due to the migratory cells into the midline area/ primitive streak |
|
|
Trilaminar embryonic disk was previously known as ? |
Bilaminar Disk it is now tri because it has 3 layers with the mesoderm in the mix |
|
|
Ectoderm was previously what? |
Epiblast |
|
|
What does the ectoderm consist of? |
Epidermis, nervous system and other structures
|
|
|
Mesoderm consist of what? |
Muscle coats, Connective tissue, vessels, organs, and other structures |
|
|
Endoderm was previously known as? |
Hypoblast |
|
|
The Endoderm consist of what? |
Epithelial linings, respiratory passages and digestive tract |
|
|
Trilaminar Disk equals what? |
Extensive cell growth creating the following structures
Cephalic end Oropharyngeal membrane Caudal end Cloacal membrane |
|
|
What is the cephalic End? |
The head |
|
|
What is the Oropharyngeal Membrane? |
Has ectoderm externally and endoderm internally (THE MOUTH) ` |
|
|
Claudal End is what? |
The Tail |
|
|
Cloacal membrane is the what |
Anus/ end of the digestive tract |
|
|
When does the central nervous system start to form |
Towards the end of the third week |
|
|
The central nervous system begins with the cells differentiating from the ectoderm but becomes? |
Neuroectoderm |
|
|
Neural Plate equals what |
Line of cells that extend from the cephalic end to the caudal end and the thickening of this line of cells creates the Neural Groove |
|
|
Neural Crest Cells orginate from the what? |
cells of the neural folds and migrate to the Mesenchyme to grow and become structures such as the face, neck, and branchial arches |
|
|
Mesoderm at the end of week 3 form what? |
Somites along either side of the "Midline" of the developing CNS which is (38 paired blocks of mesoderm) |
|
|
Week 4 of the embryonic period is called what? |
Embryonic Folding week |
|
|
What happens during the embryonic folding week |
Establishment the organization of the human axis and placing tissues where they generally are suppose to be
Differentiation and cell proliferation cause dramatic changes in the caudal and cephalic end
After folding, the endoderm lies inside of the ectoderm now
Mesoderm fills the space between these layers |
|
|
Forgut is what?
|
Anterior portion of the tube
Primitive pharynx/ throat |
|
|
Hindgut and midgut are what? |
More posterior/ forms the rest of the pharynx as well as the remainder of the digestive tract |
|
|
FINAL STAGE FETAL PERIOD occur when? |
after the embryonic period |
|
|
When does the fetal period start |
beginning of the 9th week now |
|
|
The Embryo has been breathing since? |
The 3rd week |
