Anatomy Chapter 3

Front 1

double membrane barrier that binds the nucleus

Back 1

nuclear envelope or membrane

Front 2

jelly-like fluid that suspends nucleoli and chromatin

Back 2

nucleoplasm

Front 3

bumpy threads scattered throughout the nucleus

Back 3

chromatin

Front 4

tiny finger like projections that greatly increase the cell's surface area for absorption so that the process occurs more quickly.

Back 4

microvilli

Front 5

bind cells into leak proof sheets to prevent substances from passing through extracellular space between cells

Back 5

tight junctions

Front 6

anchoring junctions that prevent cells subjected to mechanical stress from being pulled apart

Back 6

desmosomes

Front 7

hollow cylinders composed of proteins that span the entire width of the abutting membranes

Back 7

connexons

Front 8

stored nutrients or cell products

Back 8

inclusions

Front 9

a system of fluid filled cisterns that coil and twist through the cytoplasm

Back 9

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 10

the cells membrane factory the proteins are made into 3d shapes and dispatched to other areas of the cell

Back 10

rough er

Front 11

functions in cholesterol synthesis, fat metabolism, and deoxification of drugs.

Back 11

smooth er

Front 12

modifies and packages proteins

Back 12

golgi apparatus

Front 13

membrane bags containing powerful digestive enzymes

Back 13

lysosomes

Front 14

help deoxify a number of harmful substances like, alcohol and formaldehyde. disarm dangerous free radicals

Back 14

peroxisomes

Front 15

highly reactive chemicals with unpaired electrons that can scramble the structure of proteins and nucleic acids.

Back 15

free radicals

Front 16

acts as a cells bones or muscles by furnishing an internal framework that determines cell shape, supports organelles and provides machinery needed for intracellular transport and various cellular movements

Back 16

cytoskeleton

Front 17

help form desosomes and provide internal guy wires to resist pulling forces on the cell.

Back 17

intermediate filaments

Front 18

involved in cel motility

Back 18

microfilaments

Front 19

determine the overall shape of a cell and the distribution of organelles

Back 19

microtubules

Front 20

direct the formation of the mitotic spindle

Back 20

centrioles

Front 21

when the projections formed by the centrioles are substantially longer

Back 21

flagella

Front 22

substance present in the largest amount in a solution (dissolving medium)

Back 22

solvent

Front 23

substances present in smaller amounts of solution

Back 23

solute

Front 24

a solution containing small amounts of gases nutrients and salts dissolved in water

Back 24

intracellular fluid

Front 25

fluid that continuously bathes the exterior of our cells

Back 25

interstitial fluid

Front 26

a barrier that allows some substances to pass through it while excluding others

Back 26

selective permeability

Front 27

substances are transported across the membrane without any energy input form the cell

Back 27

passive transport processes

Front 28

cell provides the metabolic energy (ATP) that drives the transport process

Back 28

active transport processes

Front 29

process by which molecules tend to scatter themselves throughout the available space.

Back 29

diffusion

Front 30

moving from an area of less concentration to an area of more

Back 30

concentration gradient

Front 31

unassisted diffusion of solutes through the plasma membrane

Back 31

simple diffusion

Front 32

diffusion of water through a selectivle permeable membrane such as the plasma membrane

Back 32

osmosis

Front 33

process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid or hydrstatic pressure

Back 33

filtration

Front 34

pushes solutte containing fluid from the higher pressure area to the lower pressure area

Back 34

pressure gradient

Front 35

substances that cannot get through the plasma membrane in any other way are transported with the help of ATP with

Back 35

bulk transport

Front 36

moves substances out of cells

Back 36

exocytosis

Front 37

includes those ATPrequiring processes that take up extracellular substances by enclosing them in a small membraneous vesicle

Back 37

endocytosis

Front 38

"cell eating"

Back 38

phagocytosis

Front 39

"cell drinking"

Back 39

pinocytosis

Front 40

series of changes a cell goes through from the time it is formed until it divides

Back 40

cell life cycle

Front 41

cell grows and carries on its usual metabolic activities

Back 41

interphase

Front 42

cell reproduces itself

Back 42

cell division

Front 43

nucleotide serves as this or set of instructions for building a new nucleotide strand

Back 43

template

Front 44

division of the nucleus occurs first

Back 44

mitosis

Front 45

division of cytoplasm

Back 45

cytokinesis

Front 46

chromatin threads coil and shorten so that visible barlike bodies called chromosomes appear

Back 46

prophase

Front 47

chromosomes cluster and become aligned at the center of the spindle

Back 47

metaphase

Front 48

centromeres split and chromatids begin to move apart

Back 48

anaphase

Front 49

prophase in reverse chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin again

Back 49

telophase

Front 50

squeezes and pinches the original cytoplasmic mass into two parts

Back 50

a cleavage furrow