Anatomy Chapter 25

Front 1

There are 4 gross anatomy components of
the urinary system
1. What is the organ that filters the blood and
produces urine?

The remaining 3 form the urinary tract,
match them to their description
2. Muscular tubes carry urine from kidneys to
bladder
3. Muscular sac stores urine
4. Muscular tube carries urine from bladder to
outside

Back 1

1. Kidney
2. Ureters
3. Urinary bladder
4. Urethra

Front 2

Describe the position of the kidneys relative
to the vertebral column and the peritoneum.

Back 2

 Lateral to vertebral column (T12-L3)
 Retroperitoneal

Front 3

Describe the location of the urinary bladder
in men and women.

Back 3

 Both – Posterior to symphysis pubis
 Men – Superior to prostate / Anterior to rectum
 Women – Anterior to uterus/vagina

Front 4

What tissue lines the urinary bladder?

Back 4

 Transitional epithelium

Front 5

Match the muscles that control the release
of urine from the body to their description
1. Involuntary, smooth muscle
2. Voluntary, skeletal muscle

Back 5

1. Internal urethral sphincter
2. External urethral sphincter

Front 6

List 7 functions performed by the kidney

Back 6

 Regulate plasma ion concentrations
 Regulate blood volume/pressure
 Maintain blood pH
 Conserve nutrients
 Eliminate organic wastes
 Synthesize calcitrol – stimulate absorption
 Assist liver in detoxification

Front 7

Match the 3 layers surrounding the kidney
to their description
1. Collagen fibers covering kidney surface
2. Adipose tissue surrounding kidney
3. Collagen fibers binding kidney to muscle
and peritoneum

Back 7

1. Renal capsule
2. Adipose capsule / perinephretic fat
3. Renal fascia

Front 8

What do we call the concave, medial
portion of the kidney where vessels enter or
exit?

Back 8

Hilum

Front 9

What do we call the outer, granular,
reddish-brown layer of the kidney?

Back 9

Renal cortex

Front 10

What do we call the internal, darker layer
that consists of 6-18 triangular structures?

What do we call these triangular structures?

What are the light-colored bands (cortex
extensions) that separate these triangles?

Back 10

 Renal medulla
 Renal pyramids
 Renal columns

Front 11

What do we call the internal space that
contains vessels, particularly the tubes that
collect urine, and adipose tissue?

Back 11

Renal sinus

Front 12

What do we call the functional unit of the
kidney consisting of a renal pyramid, the
overlying cortex, and adjacent segment of
renal column?

Back 12

Renal lobe

Front 13

List the tubes that transport urine from the
renal pyramids to the ureter from small to
large

Back 13

 Minor calyx
 Major calyx
 Renal pelvis

Front 14

What microscopic tubular structures within
the kidney produce urine?

Back 14

Nephrons

Front 15

What are the three processes of urine
formation?

Back 15

 Filtration
 Tubular reabsorption
 Tubular secretion

Front 16

What do we call the filtering component of
the nephron?
 Contains a capillary network that serves to filter the smaller contents from the blood and a cup-like portion that serves as the beginning of the tubular portion of the nephron?

Back 16

Renal corpuscle

Front 17

What is the name for the cup-like portion of
this structure that collects fluids from a
capillary network filter?

Back 17

Glomerular capsule

Front 18

Match the blood vessels of the renal
corpuscle to their description
1. Arteriole bringing blood to capillary filter
2. Capillary filter between arterioles
3. Arteriole taking blood from capillary filter

Back 18

1. Afferent arteriole
2. Glomerulus
3. Efferent arteriole

Front 19

List 3 factors that make the capillary
network of the renal corpuscle act as a filter

Back 19

 Afferent arteriole is wider than efferent,
causing high pressure
 Glomerulus is leaky
 Capillary endothelium is fenestrated

Front 20

What is the name of the urine forming
tubular portion of the nephron?

Back 20

Renal tubule

Front 21

First section of renal tubule, microvilli covered simple
cuboidal epithelium
 actively absorbs nutrients and ions,
passively absorbs water

Back 21

Proximal convoluted tubule

Front 22

Middle section of renal tubule, travels into and out of
medulla, two portions

Back 22

Nephron loop

Front 23

Section of renal tubule that transports sodium and chloride ions into
medulla, cuboidal

Back 23

Thick section

Front 24

Section of the renal tubule that allows water to pass into medulla,
squamous

Back 24

Thin section

Front 25

Section of renal tubule, simple cuboidal epithelium
lacks microvilli
 actively secretes ions, acids / selectively
reabsorbs sodium, calcium, water

Back 25

Distal convoluted tubule

Front 26

What do we call the tubes, sensitive to ADH
and can absorb water from the tubular fluid,
that collect tubular fluid from many
nephrons?

Back 26

Collecting ducts

Front 27

Through what structure does the collecting
duct open into the minor calyx?

Back 27

Renal papilla

Front 28

List the two types of nephron based on the
location of their renal corpuscle
1. Within the cortex
2. At the junction of the cortex and medulla

Back 28

1. Cortical nephrons
2. Juxtamedullary nephrons

Front 29

What feature is useful for discriminating
between these two both anatomically and
functionally?

Back 29

Length of the nephron loop

Front 30

Match the capillary networks that arise from
the efferent arteriole to their descriptions
1. Cortical capillaries surrounding convoluted
tubules, cortical nephrons

2. Medullary capillaries surrounding nephron
loop, juxtamedullary nephrons

Back 30

1. Peritubular capillaries
2. Vasa recta

Front 31

What structures consist of a couple of cell
types working together to regulate blood
pressure?

Back 31

Juxtaglomerular apparatus