Anatomy Chapter 22 Lecture 1

Front 1

The nose ____, ____, and _____ air.

Back 1

Warms, cleanses, humidifies

Front 2

The pharynx is the region that is the intersection of the _____ and ____ systems

Back 2

respiratory

digestive

Front 3

contains eustachian tube, passageway to middle ear

Back 3

nasopharynx

Front 4

the nasopharynx allows pressure to

Back 4

equilibriate

Front 5

the ____ contains the epiglottis

Back 5

oropharynx

Front 6

this covers the glottis when swallowing, redirects food

Back 6

epiglottis

Front 7

contains vocal chords

Back 7

laryngopharyx

Front 8

this is the opening that leads into the trachea

Back 8

glottis

Front 9

The _____ _____ operates from the trachea to the bronchioles

Back 9

mucociliary escalator

Front 10

alveoli are created by

Back 10

Type I cells

Front 11

purpose of alveoli

Back 11

gas exchange

Front 12

Type II cells secrete _____. This decreases _____ ____ between water molecules. This decreases ____ _____ which prevents alveolar _____.

Back 12

surfactant

hydrogen bonds

surface tension

collapse

Front 13

these cells consume dust, spores, bacteria

Back 13

alveolar macrophages

Front 14

3 components of respiratory membrane

Back 14

alveolar plasma membrane

capillary plasma membrane

shared basement membrane

Front 15

thin barrier separating alveolar air and blood

Back 15

respiratory membrane

Front 16

Pathology's effect on respiratory membrane:

____ thickness, ____ diffusion distance, ____ efficiency of gas exchange

Back 16

increase

increase

decrease

Front 17

adheres to lungs

Back 17

visceral pleura

Front 18

adhere to thoracic cavity wall

Back 18

parietal pleura

Front 19

fluid filled area around lungs

Back 19

pleural cavity

Front 20

The pleural cavity decreases _____ and limits ____ __ _______

Back 20

friction

spread of infection

Front 21

______ ______ in pleural cavity allow breathing

Back 21

pressure changes

Front 22

the equation for ventilation is

Back 22

P = K/V

Front 23

pressure and volume have an ______ relationship

Back 23

inverse

Front 24

inspiration is an _____, __________ process

Back 24

active

energy-consuming

Front 25

the ____ acts upon the ____ nerve and the _____ ______ muscles to increase thoracic cavity volume

Back 25

medulla

phrenic

external intercostal

Front 26

During vigorous exercise and pathology, contraction of _______ _____ aids breathing

Back 26

accessory muscles

Front 27

Transpulmonary pressure =

Back 27

intrapleural-intrapulmonary

Front 28

atmospheric pressure =

Back 28

760 mmHg

Front 29

at rest, there is no ____ ____, and therefore no air flow

Back 29

pressure gradient

Front 30

when we inspire, the diaphragm moves down, _____ cavity volume and _____ pressure

Back 30

increasing

decreasing

Front 31

stimulation of the phrenic nerve causes

Back 31

the diaphragm to contract and move down

Front 32

when we expire, the cavity volume ____ and the pressure _____

Back 32

decreases

increases

Front 33

______ pressure must always be ______. If not, the lungs collapse.

Back 33

intrapleural

negative

Front 34

name for lung collapse

Back 34

pneumothorax

Front 35

expiration is a ____ process and is due to ____ ____

Back 35

passive

elastic recoil

Front 36

2 muscles additionally used during forced expiration in vigorous exercise

Back 36

int./ext. obliques

int. intercostals

Front 37

Resistance to airflow occurs primarily in _____ because they are wrapped in ____

Back 37

bronchioles

SMC

Front 38

compliance

Back 38

elasticity

Front 39

a decrease in compliance can be caused by

Back 39

fibrosis

Front 40

2 ex. of bronchodilators

Back 40

SNS

Epi

Front 41

6 Ex. of bronchoconstrictors

Back 41

PNS

Cold air

Pollen

Histamine

Asthma

Anaphylactic shock

Front 42

purpose of trachea

Back 42

hold open airway

Front 43

these are wrapped in SMC and can change diameter

Back 43

bronchioles