Anatomy Chapter 19

Front 1

how many miles of vessels?

Back 1

60,000 miles

Front 2

What are

-arteries
-arterioles
-veins
-venules
-cappilaries

Back 2

Arteries- large and carry blood away from heart

Arterioles- small and carry blood away from the heart

Veins- large and carry blood To the heart.

Venules- small and carry blood to the heart

Cappilaries- small structures in between Veins and arteries.

Front 3

From the last chapter we know that the lumen is the space in the vessel. Is the lumen smaller in arteries or veins?

Back 3

Veins

Front 4

Despite having thinner lumen the veins have (more/less) blood than arteries. Therefore we know...

Back 4

Veins have less lumen and more blood (65%), thus we know it has higher pressure.

Front 5

Where should blood pressure be taken? why?

Back 5

On the left side of the body. Because it is closest to the heart to get the most accurate measurement.

Front 6

The STRUCTURE of blood vessels allows for what 2 processes?

Back 6

1. Blood flow

2. molecular exchange between blood and tissue.

Front 7

WHAT ARE THE THREE LAYERS OF BLOOD VESSELS?

Back 7

Tunica externa
Tunica media
Tunica interna

Front 8

Tunica Externa

-found where
- made of what tissue
- purpose

Back 8

outside (external)

Connective tissue

protects, strengthens and anchors the vessel.

Front 9

Tunica media

-found where
-made up of
-purpose

Back 9

Middle

Smooth muscle

allows for changes in diameter (vasodilation & constriction?)

Front 10

Tunica interna

-found where
-made up of
-purpose

Back 10

Inside (internally)

Simple squamous epithelial tissue

allows for gas exchange

Front 11

Artery structure

Back 11

Arteries are more CIRCULAR, RIGID AND CANNOT collapse.

Front 12

The largest arteries are

-elasticity
-which allows them to

Back 12

more elastic

change diameters more so than smaller arteries.

Front 13

How can large arteries change shape?

Back 13

they are made up of elastic fibers in the tunica media which can change shape.

Front 14

Medium sized arteries are more _________________ and less _____________ than large arteries.

Back 14

Muscular; Elastic

Front 15

Why?

Back 15

Because they have more smooth muscle in the tunica media than do large veins (which have elastic fibers)

Front 16

Medium sized arteries are full of smooth muscles giving them the ability to

Back 16

Change their shape.

HAVE THE HIGHEST ABILITY TO CHANGE THEIR SHAPE.

Front 17

How do medium arteries change thier shape?

Back 17

by smooth muscle contraction

Front 18

Arterioles are the __________ of all arteries. There is less of ____________ and so the arteriole is only made up of _____________ allowing ______________.

Back 18

smallest; tunica media and externa; tunica interna; diffusion of gases

Front 19

Veins structurally are

Back 19

NOT rigid and can collapse

Front 20

Large veins contain

Back 20

All tunica and have thickest layers (???)

Front 21

Middle sized veins contain

Back 21

ALL TURNICA but less turnica media (less smooth muscle)

Front 22

Venules contain

Back 22

NO TURNICA MEDIA (No smooth muscle)

Front 23

What is the purpose of VENOUS valves?

Back 23

The blood pressure is too low to get blood back to the heart and so the valves prevent blood from flowing away from the heart in the veins.

Front 24

What is the skeletal muscle pump?

Back 24

contracting skeletal muscles press agains the thin-walled veins, forcing valve proximal to the area of contraction open and propelling blood toward the heart.

Front 25

What are vericose veins? AKA? caused by?

Back 25

Dilated, swollen, painful, veins.

Caused by malfunctioning valves or long period of standing or inactivity.

Front 26

Recall capillaries connect areteries and veins. What are the two classes of capillaries?

Back 26

Continous capillary- made of complete endothelial tissue with NO HOLES.

Fenestrated capillary- "windowed" endothelial lining.

Front 27

What is the purpose of having fenestrated "windowed" capilaries?

Back 27

In places where exchange needs to be verry rapid, fenestrated capillaries allow for the speed of movement.

Front 28

Which class of capillary is more COMMON?

Back 28

Continuous capillaries.

Front 29

The blood brain barrier is made up of what class of capillaries?

Back 29

Continuous capillaries. we cannot have leaking in to the brain.

Front 30

The Aorta is the

Back 30

LARGEST ARTERY in the body.

Front 31

What is the longest VEIN in the bodY?

Back 31

The GReat Saphenous vein.

Front 32

The hepatic portal system.

Hepatic?
Portal?

Back 32

Hepatic= liver

Portal= connects two capillary beds.

Front 33

What two capillary beds does the hepatic portal system connect?

Back 33

Digestive organs (mostly small intestine)

Sinusoids of the Liver

Front 34

hepatic portal system

Back 34

Nutrient rich oxygen rich blood arrives in the intestines where the inferior and superior messenteric remove all nutrients and toxins and deposit them into the capillary bed of the digestive system.

The nutrients and toxins travel through the hepatic portal vein to the capillary bed in the sinus of the liver.

Here the nutrients and toxins are removed from the capillary bed.

Deoxygenated blood is then returned to the circulatory system via the hepatic vein.