Anatomy Chapter 19

Front 1

Contrast exocrine glands and endocrine glands in regard to the release of their products.
Exocrine –
Endocrine –

Back 1

Exocrine – through ducts onto epithelial surface

Endocrine – directly into interstitial fluid

Front 2

What do we call the study of the endocrine system?

Back 2

Endocrinology

Front 3

What do we call the products of endocrine glands?

Back 3

Hormones

Front 4

What part of the brain is the master control center of the endocrine system?

Back 4

hypothalamus

Front 5

What 2 hormones does this region of the brain produce? Match each to its function.
1) Reabsorption of water, elevate BP –
2) Labor contractions, milk ejection / prostate secretion, ducutus deferens contractions –

Back 5

1) antidiuretic hormone

2) oxytocin

Front 6

What endocrine gland is found in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone and consists of two lobes?

Back 6

pituitary gland

"master gland"

Front 7

Give the technical names of the two lobes of the pituitary gland.
Posterior lobe –
Anterior lobe –

Back 7

Posterior lobe – neurohypophysis

Anterior lobe – adenohypophysis

Front 8

What two hormones are distributed from (not secreted by) the posterior lobe?

Back 8

antidiuretic hormone

oxytocin

Front 9

Hormones secreted by the anterior lobe:
Release of tyroid hormone-

Back 9

thyroid stimulating hormone

Front 10

Hormones secreted by the anterior lobe:
Release of steroids from adrenal cortex-

Back 10

adrenocorticotropic

Front 11

Hormones secreted by the anterior lobe:
Oocyte developement and estrogen / androgen production-

Back 11

follicle stimulating hormone

Front 12

Hormones secreted by the anterior lobe:
Ovulation and progestin production / androgen production –

Back 12

luteinizing hormone

Front 13

Hormones secreted by the anterior lobe:
Milk production and mammary gland development –

Back 13

prolactin

Front 14

Hormones secreted by the anterior lobe:
Accelerate protein production –

Back 14

growth hormone

Front 15

Hormones secreted by the anterior lobe:
Stimulate melanocytes –

Back 15

melanocyte stimulating hormone

Front 16

What bi-lobed endocrine gland is located
anterior to the trachea just inferior to the
larynx?

Back 16

Thyroid gland

Front 17

What hormones are secreted by the thyroid
gland?

Back 17

Increase cellular metabolism –
 (T3) triiodothyronine and (T4) thyroxine

Decrease blood calcium levels –
 Calcitonin

Front 18

What endocrine glands are located on the
posterior aspect of the thyroid gland?

Back 18

Parathyroid glands

Front 19

What hormone, secreted by the parathyroid
glands, increases blood calcium levels?

Back 19

Parathyroid hormone

Front 20

What two-layered endocrine glands are
located on the superior border of each
kidney (and therefore retroperitoneal)?

Back 20

Adrenal (suprarenal) glands

Front 21

What layer, on the outside of the adrenal
gland, is yellow because of the presence of
stored lipids?

Back 21

Adrenal cortex

Front 22

What is the general term for the hormones
secreted from the adrenal cortex?

Back 22

Corticosteroids

Front 23

What are the 3 types of corticosteroid?

Back 23

Conservation of sodium and water –
 Mineralcorticoids

Stimulate gluconeogenesis (form glucose from
sources such as amino acids and lipids)/antiinflammatory
–
 Glucocorticoids

In women promote muscle mass/libido –
 Androgens
Adrenal Glands

Front 24

What layer, on the inside of the adrenal
gland, is composed of modified ganglionic
neurons?

Back 24

Adrenal medulla

Front 25

What two hormones, secreted by the adrenal
medulla, produce effects similar to
sympathetic stimulation?

Back 25

 Epinephrine (adrenaline)
 Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Front 26

What mixed gland (endocrine and exocrine
function) lies deep to the stomach between
the ‘C’ of the duodenum and the spleen?

Back 26

Pancreas

Front 27

What hormones produced by the pancreas
are most directly involved with the
regulation of blood glucose levels?

Back 27

 Glucagon
 Insulin

Front 28

What form of diabetes, linked to the
pancreas, is associated with glucose levels
so high that our kidney can’t reabsorb all of
it (so we get sugar in our urine or
glycosuria)?

Back 28

Diabetes mellitus

Front 29

What form of diabetes isn’t linked to the
pancreas at all but rather a lack of antidiuretic
hormone from the posterior
pituitary?

Back 29

Diabetes insipidus

Front 30

What endocrine gland is located deep to the
sternum and regresses with age after
puberty?

Back 30

Thymus

Front 31

What category of hormones, produced by
the thymus, assists in the maturation and
function of the immune system?

Back 31

Thymosins

Front 32

What is the name of the male gonads?

Back 32

Testes

Front 33

What is the primary androgen, produced by
the testes, that promotes skeletal muscle
growth and male secondary sexual
characteristics?

Back 33

Testosterone

Front 34

What is the name of the female gonads?

Back 34

Ovaries

Front 35

What is the general term for the hormones
that supports follicle maturation and the
growth of the uterine lining as well as
producing female secondary sexual
characteristics?

Back 35

Estrogens

Front 36

What is the general term for the hormones
produced by the corpus luteum that causes
the uterus to prepare for implantation?

Back 36

Progestins

Front 37

What hormone, produced by the pineal
gland, regulates circadian rhythms and the
onset of sexual maturity?

Back 37

Melatonin

Front 38

What hormones, produced by the heart, help
lower blood pressure by stimulating the loss
of water and sodium at the kidneys
(suppressing anti-diuretic hormone and
aldosterone)?

Back 38

Natriuretic peptides

Front 39

What hormone, produced by the kidney,
stimulates red blood cell production in the
bone marrow?

Back 39

Erythropoietin