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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The heart pumps continously about how many beats per minute? year?
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70-80 bpmm
42,000,000 bpy |
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Where is the heart? how much does it weigh?
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Behind the sternum centered slightly to the left.
Less than 1 pound. |
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What is a person's theoretical Max heart rate?
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220 - Age
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The outermost covering of the heart?
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Epicardium
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The muscle layer that does the actual contracting?
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Myocardium
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The internal ENDOTHELIAL tissue that allows blood to flow and PREVENTS LEAKS.
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Endocardium.
(Endothelial tissue) |
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What is the pericardium?
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3 layers (fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium)
The visceral pericardium is the EPICARDIUM. The parietal pericardium= connects the fibrous pericardium superficial to it to the deeper visceral pericardium |
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what are the two cycles of the circulatory system?
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Systemic cycle and pulmonary cycle
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The right atrium collects ___________ blood from 3 veins called...
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Deoxygenated blood from the systemic cicrcuit.
1.) Superior Vena Cava 2.) Inferior Vena Cava 3.) Coronary sinus |
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The right ventricle recoeves blood from the _____________ and pumps it to the ______________ via the ____________.
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right atrium; pulmonary circuit; pulmonary trunk
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The left ventricle recieves ____________ blood and passes blood to the _______________ through the _________.
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oxygenated; right left ventricle; mitral (bicuspid valve)
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the left ventricle forms the __________ of the heart. It pumps blood up and out to the body through the _____.
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apex; aorta
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What are the four valves in the heart? what movement do they allow?
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-Right AV valve: from right atrium to right ventricle
-Pulmonary semilunar valve: from right ventricle to the lungs -Left AV valve: from left atrium to left ventricle -Aortic semilunar valve- from left ventricle to aorta. |
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What kind of valves are these? what is thier purpose?
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Check valves;
to not allow blood to travel backward throught the heart. |
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What is the synchronization of valves?
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AV Valves open simultaneously.
Semilunar valves open simultaneously Both clases of valves open at differing times. |
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Right AV valve
-bicuspid/tricuspid - when heart relaxes does valve (close/open) -when heart contracts does valve (close/open) |
Tricuspid; open; closed
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Pulmonary semilunar valve
- when heart relaxes does valve (close/open) -when heart contracts does valve (close/open) |
closed; open
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Left AV valve
-bicuspid/tricuspid - when heart relaxes does valve (close/open) -when heart contracts does valve (close/open) |
bicuspid; open; closed
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what protects the heart from opening to far?
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Chordae tendenae
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Recall that pressure =
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Force/Area
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Waht is normal, high, low blood pressure? What is the units?
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High- 140/100 mmHg
Normal 120/80 mmHg Low 100/60 mmHg |
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What is the 1st number of the blood pressure called? what pressure is it measuring?
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Systolic pressure; pressure when the heart is contracted.
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What is important to know about systolic pressure? Which is more important?
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Systolic frequently changes therefore, diastolic pressure is more important.
Diastolic measures basal heart rate. |
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Blood pressure when the heart is relaxed?
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Diastolic
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The heart makes a characteristic "Lub-Dub" sound. What is the "Lub"? "Dub"?
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Lub= closing of the AV valves
Dub= closing og the semilunar valves. |
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what is auscultation?
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the sounds of the heart.
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WHAT ARE THE THREE CIRCULATORY ROUTES?
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Systemic- out to the whole body
Pulmonary- segment that goes through the lungs for oxygenation Coronary- part that oxygenates the tissue of the heart. |
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Which veins and arteries "MATCH UP" in the coronary cycle?
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-anterior descending artery and great cardiac vein
-posterior descending artery and middle cardiac vein - marginal artery matches up with the small cardiac vein |
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what is the largest vein that eventually leads back to the heart?
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Coronary sinus
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the coronary sinus deposits deoxygenated blood back into the ___________________ through the ______________.
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right atrium; "hole to the coronary sinus"
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What is the proper name of a heart attack?
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myocardial infarction.
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What causes a heart attack?
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A thrombus that forms in a coronary artery that cuts oxygen to muscle (myocardial necrosis).
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What happens to the tissue when blood is resupplied?
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Nothing it remains dead.
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Heart attacks are the leading cause of
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mortality and morbidity in the U.S.
(500,000 - 700,000 per year) |
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When are males at risk? females?
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Men are at risk since the age of 40. Women are less at risk. At age 70 they are about equally likely.
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the space where blood can flow through in vessels is called?
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LUMEN
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What occurs in artheriosclerosis?
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the lumen becomes reduced and pressure rises within the vessel.
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What are ways to prevent/reduce risk for heart attacks?
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-Eat healthy
-Excercise -Quit smoking |
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What are surgical procedures against heartattacks?
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Angioplasty- catheter is used to balloon clogged arteries and break apart thrombus.
Bypass surgery- taking a piece of a vein (ussually saphenous vein) and bypassing the clot by connecting a new tube to the heart. |
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Coronary Artery stent
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usually paired with angioplasty.
A stiff tube placed in vessels to keep them open and made to slowly release anticoagulants and blood thinners. |
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The heartbeat orginates in the ______________ and (IS/IS NOT) extrinsically controlled.
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heart; IS NOT extrinsically controlled.
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What creates the electrical signal that will contract the heart?
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THE Synoatrial node (SA Node) which resides in the right atrium.
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After the signal from the SA node occurs the signal travels
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down the internodal pathway to the atrioventricular node (AV node) which delays the relay down the interventricular septum.
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Finaly through the interventricular septum the signal passes the
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AV bundle then splits into right and left ventricles and innervates the heart at PERKINJE CELLS.
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