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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Consists of blood, the heart, and blood vessel
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Cardiovascular system
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A connective tissue composed of plasma liquid portion and formed elements (cells and cell fragment)
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Blood
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Transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, heat, and metabolic waste
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Blood
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Consists of 91.5 percent water and 8.5 percent solute. Principle solutes include protein (albumins, globulins, fibrinogen), nutrients, vitamins, hormones, respiratory gases, electrolytes, and waste product
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Plasma
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Include red blood cell, white blood cells, and platelets
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Formed elements
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Composed of water, a watery liquid containing dissolved substances, and formed elements, which are cells and cell fragments
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Whole Blood
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Helps regulate pH, body temperature, and water content of cells
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Blood
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The percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBC's
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Hematocrit
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Viscous and slightly alkaline, ranging from pH 7.35 to 7.45 with a temperature of 38 degrees (100.4 degrees F). Its volume is 4-6 liters
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Blood
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The formation of blood cells from hemopoietic stem cells in red bone marrow
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Hemopoiesis
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The red bone marrow give rise to lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells
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Pluripotent Stem Cell
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Are biconcave cells containing hemoglobin
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Mature red blood cell
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Red blood cell are called
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Erythrocytes
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Contain the oxygen-carrying protein pigment hemoglobin, which gives RBC's their red color |
Erythrocytes |
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Has a life cycle of 126 days
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Red Blood Cells
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Chambers of the heart
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4
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4 chambers of the heart
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Right atrium. Right ventricle. Left atrium. Left ventricle. |
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Receives deoxygenated systemic blood from superior and inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus
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Right atrium
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Located in the Right atrium |
Superior Vena. Inferior Vena. Coronary Sinus. |
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Pump blood from the heart to the lungs. Pulmonary Circulation.
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Right Ventricle
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Receives blood from the lungs
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Left Atrium
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Pulmonary circulation is located in the
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Right Ventricle
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Opening through which blood passes from the right atrium to the right ventricle
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Right atrioventricular orifice
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Lies between the right atrium and right ventricle. Prevent back flow of blood when the ventricle pumps
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Right artioventricular (tricuspid) valve
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Opening blood passes through going to the lungs
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Pulmonary trunk orifice
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Lies in the opening between the pulmonary truck and the right ventricle. Start of pulmonary circulation. Prevents back flow
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Pulmonary semilunar valve
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Opening through which blood returns from the lungs
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Pulmonary venous orifices
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Pumps blood from the heart throughout the body. origin of systemic circulation
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Left ventricle
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Located in the right ventricle are
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Right atrioventricular orifice. Right atrioventricular. Pulmonary trunk orifice. Pulmonary semilunar valve. |
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Lies between the left atrium and ventricle
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Left atrioventricular (bicuspid or mitral) valve
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Opening from the left ventricle to the aorta
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Aortic orifice
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Valve in the aortic orifice that prevents back-flow
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Aortic semilunar valve
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Vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues
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Arteries
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Clotting in unbroken blood vessel is called
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Thrombosis
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The clot is called
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Thrombus
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A sequence of response to stop blood loss from a damaged blood vessel.
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Hemostasis
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A green pigment
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Biliverdin
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A yellow-orange pigment
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Bilirubin
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A dislodged thrombus can be swept away in the blood and then is then called an
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Embolus
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Layers of the heart wall
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Endocardium. Myocardium. Epicardium. |
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Innermost layer, thin layer of endothelium overlying a thin layer of connective tissue. Provides a smooth lining for the inside of the heart and covers the valve of the heart.
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Endocardium
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Middle layer, cardia muscle tissue. Make up the bulk of the heart and is responsible for pumping action
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Myocardium
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Outermost layer is composed of mesothelium and delicate connective tissue that imparts a smooth, slippery texture to the outermost surface of the heart
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Epicardium (visceral pericardium)
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Composed of a lining of endothelium that is in contact with the blood
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Tunica intima (Internal)
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Thickest layer, consists of elastic fibers and smooth muscle fibers
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Tunica media
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Composed of elastic and collagen fibers
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Tunica adventitia
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Medium sized arteries divide into small arteries, which in turn divide into smaller arteries, called
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Arterioles
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As the arterioles enter a tissue, they branch into countless microscopic vessels called
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Capillaries
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Connect arterioles and venules
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Capillaries
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Single layer of epithelial cells found in capillaries
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Endothelium
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Capillaries are endothelium cells made of
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Connective tissue
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Blood vessels that require oxygen and nutrients just like other tissues of the body, larger blood vessels especially have their own blood vessels called
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Vasa vasorum
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When blood returns to the heart from the systemic route, it is pumped out of the right ventricle to the lungs. In pulmonary capillaries of the alveoli of the lungs, it loses some of its carbon dioxide and takes on oxygen. Bright red again, it returns to the left atrium of the heart and reenters the systemic system circulation while ejected by the left ventricle
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Pulmonary Circulation
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All the arteries and arterioles that carry oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to systemic capillaries, plus the veins and venules that carry deoxygenated blood returning to the right atrium.
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Systemic circulation
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The union of branches of two or more arteries supplying the same body region is called
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Anastomonses
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The alternate route of blood flow to a body part through an anastomonses
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Collateral Circulation
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First branch of the arch of the aorta, it is found only on the right side. It bifurcates to form the right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery
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Brachiocephalic artery (innominate artery)
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Extends from the brachiocephalic to the first rib and then passes into the armpit, where it becomes the axillary artery
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Right subclavian artery
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Branch of the subclavian
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Right vertebral artery
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Provides blood to chest wall
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Right interal thoracic artery
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Continuation of the subclavian, extends from the lateral border of the ribs to the lower border of the tendon of the tere major muscle where it becomes the brachial artery
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Right axillary artery
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Continuation of the axillary, bifurcates just below the elbow to form radial (lateral) and ulnar (medial) arteries
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Right brachial artery
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Begins at the bifurcation of the brachiocephalic artery behind the sternoclavicular articulation and is confined to the neck
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Right common caroid artery
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Right external carotid artery; right facial artery, and superficial temporal artery
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Take care of the face
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Behind the ear
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Posterior auriclar
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Supplies the brain, right eye, and right sides of the forehead and nose
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Right internal carotid artery
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Another name for the cerebral arterial circle
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Circle of Willis
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Nine vessels form the circle of Willis
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Anterior communicating artery (1). Anterior cerebral arteries (2). Internal Juglar Vein (2). Posterior communicating artery (2). Posterior cerebral arteries (2) |
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Arises from the highest part of the arch of aorta at the second costal cartilage
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Left common carotid artery
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Three branches of the arch of aorta
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Brachiocephalic artery. Left common carotid artery. Left subclavian. |
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Bronchial arteries. Pericardial arteries. Esophageal arteries. Intercostal arteries. Subcostal arteries. Mediastinal arteries. Superior phrenic arteries. |
Thoracic aorta
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Inferior phrenic arteries. Celiac trunk. Common hepatic artery. Left gastric artery. Splenic artery. Superior mesenteric artery. Suprarenal arteries. Renal arteries. Gonadal arteries. Testicular arteries. Ovarian arteries. Inferior mesenteric artery. |
Abdominal aorta
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Supply lower pelvic and abdominal areas and the lower extremities
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Terminal branches (Common iliac arteries)
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Internal iliac arteries
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Uterus. Prostate gland. Muscle of buttock. Urinary bladder. |
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External iliac arteries (Lower limbs)
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Once past the inguinal ligament it becomes the femoral artery.
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Arteries of the lower extremities
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Femoral. Popliteal. Anterior tibial. Posterior tibial. Dorsalis pedis. |
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Continuation of the external iliac artery
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Femoral
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Continuation of the femoral artery and is located at the back of the knee
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Popliteal
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Originates at the bifurcation of the popliteal artery at the lower border of the popliteal space
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Anterior tibial
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Begins at the lower border of the popliteal space opposite the interval between the tibia and fibula
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Posterior tibial
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Continuation of the anterior tibial artery and lies between the tendon of the extensor
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Dorsalis pedis
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Deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium from three veins
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Coronary sinus. (Drains into the heart) Superior vena cava. inferior vena cava. |
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Veins of the head
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Dural sinuses. Internal juglar veins. External juglar veins. |
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Veins of the upper extremities
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Cephalic veins. Basilic veins. |
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Long and empties its blood into the superior part of the right atrium
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Superior vena cava
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Formed by a union of the right subclavian and internal jugulars
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Right brachiocephalic veins
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Formed by a union of the left subclavian and internal jugulars
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Left brachiocephalic veins
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Collects blood from the thorax, and may serve as a bypass for the inferior vena cava that drains blood from the lower body |
Azygos system (starts external iliac veins)
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Veins of the lower extremities
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Greater saphenous veins. Lesser saphenous veins. |
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Longest vein in the body. Begins at the medial end of the dorsal venous arch of the foot.
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Greater saphenous veins
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Begins at the lateral end of the dorsal venous ach of the foot
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Lesser saphenous
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Formed by the union of the external and internal iliac veins
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Common iliac veins
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Formed by the union of the right and left common iliac veins
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Inferior vena cava
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Foramen ovale
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Fossa ovalis
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Ductus arterious
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Ligamentum arteriosum
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Ductus venosus
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Liagmentum venosum
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Umbilical arteries
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Lateral umbilical ligaments
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Umbilical vein
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Ligamentum teres of the liver
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Drain the portal system and empties into the inferior vena cava.
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Hepatic veins
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Drain the diaphram
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Inferior phrenic veins
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Drains the adrenal glands
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Suprarenal vein |
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Drains the kidneys
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Renal vein |
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Drains the testes or ovaries
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Gonadal veins |
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Drain lumbar and psoas muscles, and part of the abdominal wall musculature
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Lumbar veins |
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Delivers blood to the liver for detoxification
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Portal system
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Receives blood from the lungs
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Left atrium |
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Pump blood from the heart throughout the body. Origin of systemic circulation
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Left ventricle |
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Convey blood from the tissues back to the heart. Venules are the smallest veins.
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Veins |
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Branches of the subclavian
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Right internal thoracic artery. Right axillary artery. |
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Dumps into the superior vena cava
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Azygos
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