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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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principal structure?
how long? |
Alimentary canal(Gastro-intestional tract)
30ft long |
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Primary structures (make up the alimentary canal)
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1)mouth- digests carbs
2)esophagus 3)stomach- digests proteins 4)small intestine- duodenum,jujunum,ileum 5)large intestine (colon-ascending,trasverse,desending,sigmoid,rectum,anus |
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secondary structures are?
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*located eithier within the tube or outside of it and secrete enzymes into it
1)teeth 2)tongue 3)salivary glands 4)liver 5)gall bladder 6)pancreas |
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MOUTH
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a)teeth 32 permanant teeth between ages of 17-24
b)tongue: important for taste and mixing of food with saliva. c)salivary glands:Parotoid;submandibular;sublingual |
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(part of mouth)
a)saliva b)saliva and food |
salivary amylase (ptyalin) begins the breakdown of starch to sugar (maltose);aids in swallowing
b)Bolus |
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pharynx
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passage way for food, no digestion
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esophagus
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*mucus lined tube that connects the pharynx and the stomach.Approx: 10 in in length.
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Heartburn
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esophagel irritation from stomach acid.
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Hiatal Hernia
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a tear in the diaphragm causing the stomach to push up into the thoracic cavity.
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stomach
divisons? |
very muscular pouch (3 layers)
1)fundus- enlarged portion to the left and above the opening of the esophagus into the stomach. 2)body- central part of the stomach 3)pylorus- lower naarrow section that opens into the duodenum. |
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Cardiac Sphincter
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muscular band that closes at the stomach.
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Pyloric sphincter
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prevents CHYME from entering the small intestine.
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Chyme
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food in stomach mixed with acid
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rugae
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the folds in the stomach when it is empty mechanical and chemical digestion take place here
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parietal glands
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secrete HCL
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stomach pH is ?
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1.2-1.6
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protein digestion begins where ?
stay in the ________ how long? |
*stomach
*3 hours |
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gastroenterology
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study of the stomach and intestional disorders
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emesis
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barfing
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a)ulcer is ?
b)causes c)infection ? d)treatment |
a)an open wound or sore in the gastrointestional system
b)hyperacidity c)campylobactor d)antibiotics and ant-acids |
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Gastric ulcer in?
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stomach
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Duodenal ulcer
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duodenum
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a)stomach cancer
b)causes |
a)high morality rate.
b)nitrates in cured meats, excessive alchhol, and tobacco use |
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Small intestine is ___ft long
*parts |
20
*1)duodenum 2)jujunum 3)ileum |
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mucus membrane of the small intestine contains?
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thousands of microscopic intestional glands that secrete digestive enzymes
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small intestine main function
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absorbtion
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plicae
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folds of the small intestine covered in VILLI- increased surface area for absorbtion of nutrients---vascular
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Micro-villi
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the epithelial covering of the villi--- "brush boarder"
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lacteal is WHAT? for WHat?
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a lymphatic vessel for fat absorbtion in small intestine
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liver produces ?
*? is - |
bile-green, fat emulsifying enzyme from old RBC's and drains into the right and left hepatic ducts and is stored in the GALLBLADDER
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Gallbladder
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*small muscular pouch under liver, stores bile that is secreted into the cystic duct commonly in duodenum
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cholelithiasis
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having gallstones which are made of calcium crystallized bile salts and cholesterol
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FFFF ?
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female, fertile, forty, and fat are high risks for gallbladder disease
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Pancreas
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pancreatic juice is the most important collection of digestive enzymes:
Enzyme / Nutrient / result 1)protease/protein/amino acids 2)Lipase/ fats/ fatty acids 3)Amylase/ carbs/ Glucose |
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a)large Intestine is ___ft long
b)how and what does it get(S) there |
a)5
b)undigested plant fiber and unabsorbed food and water enter the CECUM through the ILEOCECAL VALVE |
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in the large intestine what 6 things happen?(Five Very Big Walruses Died Crying) (FVBWDC)
*this ALL is through ________ |
-further release of nutrients
-Vitamin K synthesis(blood clots) -B complex vitamin formation -Water and mineral re-absorbtion -6 Defecation-excreation of fecal matter -1 chyme becomes fecal |
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Diarrhea
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watery stool (hypermotility of the Large Intestine
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Constipation
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abnormality/ slow motility of L.I
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Diverticulitis
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inflamed abnormal saclike pouches in the L.I wall caused from highly refined diet
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Colitis
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inflamed colon.
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Ulcerative Colitis
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autoimmune
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colon cancer
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#1 cancer in america
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