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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The circulatory system is broken down into two systems, what are they?
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Circulatory and lymphatic systems.
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What is the primary purpose of each the circulatory system and the lymphatic system?
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Circulatory- oxygenate and nutrify the blood and circulate it out to peripheral tissue.
Lymphatic- fight diseases |
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What kind of tissue is blood?
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Connective tissue
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How much blood is found in the human body?
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5 Liters (like a mustang)
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Why is blood considered connective tissue?
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because it originates from the mesenchyme embryonic tissue.
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what percentage of a person's body is made up of BLOOD?
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8%
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Arteries carry ________ blood _______ from the heart. Whereas veins, carry _________ blood __________ the heart.
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oxygenated; away
deoxygenated; toward |
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Which are the only arteries and veins that do not adhere that rule?
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Pulmonary arteries and veins.
Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs (away from the heart). Wheras, pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood toward the heart. |
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Thus what is the role to determine whether something is an artery or a vein?
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If it travels away from the heart regardless of what is inside, it is an artery. If it travels toward the heart regardless of what is inside, it is a vein.
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Is blood thicker than water?
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Yes blood has a viscocity of 4.5 to 5.5. wheras water has a viscocity of 1.
Blood is about 5 times thicker. |
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Blood is a mixture of what two components?
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Formed elements and Plasma.
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What are formed elements? what do they include?
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formed elements are blood cells. Cells that are found in the liquid blood.
They include erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC) and platlets. |
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platelets can also be called ____________ their function is to ____________________.
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thrombocytes; stop bleeding.
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How many RBC are their in one cm3 or 1 mL?
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over 5 million RBC in a mL making it THE MOST ABUNDANT of the formed elements.
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What is the plasma?
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plasma is straw-colored mostly water (90%) portion of the blood.
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If plasma is 90% water what else is found in the plasma?
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Sugars, amino acids, proteins, lipids, wastes (urea), oxygen, CO2, ions (Na+ , Cl-)
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What is the hematocrit?
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The portion of blood that consists of erytrhrocytes.
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what portion of whole blood do each of the following make up?
-plamsma -buffy coat (lueks + plates) -hematocrit (RBC) |
plasma= 55%
Buffy coat = < 1% hematocrit = 45% |
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As we had previously said plasma is mostly water but contains some PROTEINS. What are the 3 classes od proteins in blood plasma?
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Albumin
Globlins Fibrinogen |
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What is the function of the plasma protein albumin?
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Albumins are blood's thickening agent. As a result they help maintain blood pressure and prevent leaks.
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Still, albumins leak out of the circulatory system, what is then done with them?
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they are taken up by the lymphatic system and recycled to the circulatory system.
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What are the three classes of the plasma protein GLOBULINS?
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Alpha
Betta Gamma |
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What is the purpose of both ALPHA and BETTA Globulins in the blood plasma?
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To transport fats through the blood.
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What is the purpose of Gamma Globulins in the blood plasma?
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These are ANTIBODIES. they help us fight disease (antigens).
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The third class of plama protein is fibrinogen which functions to...
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work with platlets and help clot blood.
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What is the purpose of RBC
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To transport oxygen and nutrients to tissues in the body.
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What is the shape of RBC? and why is it that way?
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Biconcave disk- allows for effective oxygen absorption.
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RBC shape allows for more oxygen absorption because it...
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has a maximized surface area.
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What are two unique facts about RBC?
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they contain NO nucleus or mitochondria. Therefore they cannot reproduce.
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How long do RBC live?
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With respect to other cells, RBC live long (100-120 days)
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Where are new RBC made?
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the red bone marrow where they expel their nucleus and organelles before entering the blood stream.
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What are the only "formed elements" that are TRULY CELLS (have nucleus, mitochondria and reproduce)?
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LEUKOCYTES
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What is the function of leukocytes? how do they achieve their function?
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To destroy foreign invaders. To acheive this leukocytes engage in AMEOBOID MOVEMENT out of the blood vessel.
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Leukocytes are barely visible even with a microscope. How do we see them and therefore classify them.
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Staining.
Some stain with visible granules (GRANULOCYTES) while some dont (AGRANULOCYTES) |
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How many categories of leukocytes are there? How many are granular vs. Agranular?
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5 classes; 3 granular and 3 agranular.
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LEUKOCYTES- NEUTROPHILS
-Granular/agranular -staining (color) - lifetime - phagocytic/ non-phagocytic |
granular
NON STAINING SHORT (6 hours) phagocytic |
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LEUKOCYTES- EOSINOPHILLS
-Granular/agranular -staining (color) - lifetime - phagocytic/ non-phagocytic |
Granular
Pink short (8-12 days) phagocytic |
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LEUKOCYTES- BASOPHILS
-Granular/agranular -staining (color) - lifetime - phagocytic/ non-phagocytic |
Granular
Blue Short (hours to days) Phagocytic |
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What are the two classes of agranulocyte leukocytes called?
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LYMPHOCYTES and monocytes
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What are the two lymphocytes?
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T cells and B cells
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LEUKOCYTES- LYMPHOCYTES
-Granular/agranular - lifetime - phagocytic/ non-phagocytic |
Agranular
Long lifetime (days to years) non-phagocytic |
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what is the characteristic shape of lymphocytes?
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large nuclei with thin layer of cytoplasm.
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What is the purpose of T cells where do they differentiate from?
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T cells are also called killer t cells because they actively fight infections
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What is the function of B-cells? where do they differentiate?
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B cells produce antibodies and label antigens as invaders and signal for T cells to attack them.
They differentiate in the bone marrow rather than the thymus. |
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Why is it important to get sleep?
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T cells are the best protector of cancer. And studies show sleepless night causes 30% reduction in T cells.
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leukocytes- monocytes
-Granular/agranular - lifetime - phagocytic/ non-phagocytic -size |
agranular
live months (LONG) non-phagocytic LARGEST CELLS IN THE BODY! |
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Platelets/ Thrombocytes
-involved in - size with respect to formed elements -True cells? - Movement - life span |
Clot formation
smallest of all formed elements NO; only fragments of true cells (megakaryocyte fragments) Ameoboid movement Short (5-10 days) |
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What is a thrombus?
What is an embolus? |
Thrombus- a clot in a blood vessel
Embolus- a moving thrombus. |
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What is hemopoiesis?
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the process of forming blood cells whether it be RBC or leukocytes.
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The making of RBC is called...
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Erythropoiesis
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the making of leukocytes is called
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leukopoiesis
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What is so unique about blood stem cells?
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They are undifferentiated and can become any blood cells that are required.
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Site of hemopoiesis- Red marrow
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the red marrow ACTIVELY generates blood cells in the epiphysis of bones.
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Site of hemopoeisis- yellow marrow
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the yellow marrow can produce formed elements in emergency situation. These cells would be created in the DIAPHYSIS.
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